Chemistry Commons^™

Principles Of Chemistry Ii (University Of North Georgia), Jim Konzelman, Greta Giles

Chemistry Grants Collections

This Grants Collection for Principles of Chemistry I was created under a Round Two ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. It contains materials used within the implementation of OpenStax Chemistry and uses the Open Course Principles of Chemistry II from the University of North Georgia.

Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.

Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each …

Application Of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry For Ionic Liquids And Their Biodegradation Products, Sepideh Rahbarirad

Masters Theses

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts with unique physico-chemical properties and are used as green alternatives to volatile organic solvents. ESI-MS is a sensitive technique to detect these stable, permanent ions. My research focused on (1) Identification of biodegradation products of ionic liquids and (2) Multiplexed tandem MS by modulation of ionization efficiency.

Studies, have demonstrated that ILs are toxic to the environment, which makes their biodegradability an important consideration. In this work, metabolites generated during the biodegradation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM), a degradation resistant and commonly used ionic liquid, are identified using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Multiplexed …

Novel Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors Restore Glucose-Handling Abilities Of High-Fat Fed Mice, Darren Martin, Siobhan Leonard, Robert Devine, Clara Redondo, Gemma Kinsella, Conor Breen, Victoria Mceneaney, Mary Rooney, Tim Munsey, Richard Porter, Asipu Sivaprasadarao, John Stephens, John Findlay

Articles

Metformin is the main drug of choice for treating type 2 diabetes, yet the therapeutic regimens and side effects of the compound are all undesirable and can lead to reduced compliance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of two novel compounds which improved glucose handling and weight gain in mice on a high-fat diet. Wildtype C57Bl/6 male mice were fed on a high-fat diet and treated with novel, anti-diabetic compounds. Both compounds restored the glucose handling ability of these mice. At a cellular level, these compounds achieve this by inhibiting complex I activity in …

A New Ligation System For Protein Conjugation, Alicia J. Curti, Patrick H. Dussault

UCARE: Research Products

Click chemistry describes crosslinking reactions in which pairs of functional groups selectively “click” together to form linkages. The idea of our project is to explore the use of cyclobutene-containing fatty acids as a new class of “click” reagents as a tool for protein modification.

There is great interest in performing click reactions under biologically relevant conditions, in the presence of cells, and even within cells. The best known click reaction, the cycloaddition of alkynes and azides, is highly specific, can be conducted in the presence of buffers and proteins, and forms stable cycloadducts. However, use in biological systems is limited …

Alignment For Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (Gcxgc) With Global, Low-Order Polynomial Transformations, Davis Rempe, Stephen Reichenbach, Stephen Scott

UCARE: Research Products

As columns age and differ between systems, retention times for GC x GC may vary between runs. In order to properly analyze chromatograms, it is often desirable to align chromatographic features between chromatograms. This alignment can be characterized by a mapping of retention times from one chromatogram to the retention times of another chromatogram. Alignment methods can be classified as global or local, i.e., whether the geometric differences between chromatograms are characterized by a single function for the entire chromatogram or by a combination of many functions for different regions of the chromatogram. Previous work has shown that global, low-degree …

Effect Of The Spiroiminodihydantoin Lesion On Nucleosome Stability And Positioning, Erika Norabuena, Sara Barnes Williams, Margaret A. Klureza, Liana J. Goehring, Brian Gruessner, Mala L. Radhakrishnan, Elizabeth R. Jamieson, Megan E. Núñez

Chemistry: Faculty Publications

DNA is constantly under attack by oxidants, generating a variety of potentially mutagenic covalently modified species, including oxidized guanine base products. One such product is spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), a chiral, propeller-shaped lesion that strongly destabilizes the DNA helix in its vicinity. Despite its unusual shape and thermodynamic effect on double-stranded DNA structure, DNA duplexes containing the Sp lesion form stable nucleosomes upon being incubated with histone octamers. Indeed, among six different combinations of lesion location and stereochemistry, only two duplexes display a diminished ability to form nucleosomes, and these only by ∼25%; the other four are statistically indistinguishable from the control. …

Photochemical Electrocyclic Ring Closure And Elimination Reactions Of N-(Oxothioxanthenyl)Naphthothiophene Carboxamides, Himali Devika Jayasekara

Dissertations (1934 -)

Photochemical cleavage reactions have found a widespread used in biological applications that require the photorelease of biologically active molecules such as proteins, peptides, neurotransmitters, and nucleotide phosphates. This research focuses on the design of photoremovable protecting groups which can be utilized to release these biomolecules by photolysis. These biomolecules are attached to the photoremovable protecting group at the sites of functional groups that are present within these substrates. Such functional groups are carboxylates, phosphates, thiolates, or phenolates, which upon exposure to light, are released as anions of varying basicities. The photochemical reaction involved is an electrocyclic ring closure between aromatic …

Synthesis And Applications Of Cyclobutenes, Benjamin Enns

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Our group is interested in cyclobutene analogs of fatty acids as reactive coatings, potential antibiotics, and as a new class of bioconjugate linkers. A convenient synthesis of this class of molecules was previously reported from our lab. However, ammonia, a key reagent in the earlier route, was recently reclassified as a highly corrosive gas requiring highly specialized equipment for storage and handling. The goal of this research was to find a convenient synthesis for the formation of cyclobutene that did not involve the use of ammonia. The other part of this thesis describes the preparation of a short chain cyclobutene …

Investigation Of The Use Of A Plasticizer-Polymer Sensor Coating With Improved Long-Term Stability In The Liquid Phase, Laura Jeanne Alderson

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Benzene is one of the volatile organic compounds present in crude oil and gasoline. Leakage from underground storage tanks or hazardous waste sites can introduce benzene contamination into nearby groundwater. Benzene is a known carcinogen and its exposure is limited by the Environmental Protection Agency to 5 parts per billion (ppb) in drinking water. Early, accurate detection of the presence of benzene contamination in groundwater supplies is extremely important. Shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) devices with a chemically sensitive coating can be used for the detection of volatile organic compounds in liquid, such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and …

Development Of New Ligand Scaffolds For The Preparation Of Heterobimetallic Complexes, Alexander Richard Treleven

Master's Theses (2009 -)

There is currently much interest in the development of methods to harness sustainable, CO2 neutral, non-fossil fuel based energy sources due to diminishing worldwide supply of fossil fuels and concerns over historically high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, which may have a devastating impact on the world’s climate. One such avenue is through the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into useful, high-energy density, organic fuel sources. Photosynthesis is the biological process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and CO2 into the reduced organic materials that we extract from the earth and burn (completing the cycle back to CO2) to release …

The Ideal And Real Gas Heat Capacity Of Potassium Atoms At High Temperatures, Louis Biolsi, Michael Biolsi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Ideal Gas Heat Capacity, C_p, of Potassium Atoms is Calculated to High Temperatures using Statistical Mechanics. Since There Are a Large Number of Electronic Energy Levels in the Partition Function (Boltzmann Sum) Below the First Ionization Potential, the Partition Function and C_p will become very large as the Temperature Increases Unless the Number of Energy Levels Contributing to the Partition Function is Constrained. Two Primary Categories of Arguments Are Used to Do This. First, at High Temperatures, the Increased Size of the Atoms Constrains the Sum (Bethe Method). Second, an Argument based on the Existence of Interacting …

Purification And Preparation Of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins For Nmr Spectroscopy, Kyle Chamberlain

Open Access Theses

NMR spectroscopy has recently become a promising field for protein characterization and dynamic studies. As the technology and pulse sequences improve for tracking proteins, a greater demand for developing effective purification protocols to produce NMR grade protein samples have arisen. This thesis explores two proteins: histone H4 tail and Mucin 1; Two very different proteins that require different methods of expression and purification to achieve a high enough yield for NMR analysis. H4 is a water soluble protein that weighs ~2.7 kDa, and has no extinction coefficient. Since the protein is too small for many methods of expression and purification, …

Targeted Metabolomics On The Shikimate And Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways, Robert E. Wheeler

Open Access Theses

The shikimate and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathways are some of the most studied biosynthetic pathways in nature due to their fundamental importance. Interest in this field stems from synthesis of the essential amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The pathways also are important as generating the precursors of thousands of secondary metabolites and lignin. Inhibiting the pathway has led to discovery of herbicides, pesticides as well as tuberculosis drugs. However there is currently a lack of a comprehensive targeted method for detecting and quantifying the majority of the intermediates in these pathways. Often multiple extraction and detection methods are …

Controlling Electronics For The Formation Of High Valent Uranium Imido Complexes, Nickolas H. Anderson

Open Access Dissertations

Known primarily for its single electron chemistry, controlling the electronics at uranium to facilitate multi-electron processes remains a fundamental challenge in the actinide sciences. Our group has implemented the use of redox-active ligands to assist in the stabilization of low-valent uranium analogues, capable of performing multi-electron chemistry at a single uranium center. Of particular interest to our group are high-valent imido complexes, which are ubiquitous in organometallic and coordination chemistry due to their unique bonding properties and their ability to mediate bond-forming reactions. Uranium imido complexes, in particular, are the subject of much research to determine the degree of f- …

Direct Drug Screening And Lipid Profiling Using Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Yuan Su

Open Access Dissertations

Mass spectrometry (MS) stands in an outstanding position in analysis of biological specimens owing to its abundant structural information, high accuracy, incomparable sensitivity, high speed, and the large variety of its applications. The ion source, an instrumental part for converting the analyte into ions, has played an important role in analyzing biological specimens by MS. However, the performance of conventional spray-based ionization methods always suffers from chemical interferences derived from complex biological matrices. A series of sample extraction, purification, and separation steps is required before the ionization, so as to ensure excellent performance of MS analysis. In order to simplify …

Determination Of Multiple Pesticides Residues In Imported Tea In Uae Using Liquid And Gas Chromatography And Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Sarra Ali Mohammed Hassan Almulla

Theses

An accurate, rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 48 pesticide residues in United Arab Emirates imported tea (Green and Black) by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry LC–ESI (+) - MS/MS and GC-EI-MS/MS. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used in which two transitions for each compound for pesticide identification and quantification in the presence of internal standards. Modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method was used for sample clean up and preparation for chromatographic analysis. The performance of the newly developed analytical method was validated in accordance with EU SANCO guidelines …

Xiao Cheng Zeng Bibliography (April 2016), Xiao Cheng Zeng

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

397 articles sorted by topics

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Amination Of Secondary Alcohols Using Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology, Kostiantyn O. Marichev, James M. Takacs

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A new ruthenium complex catalyzes the amination of primary and secondary alcohols and the regioselective mono- and sequential diamination of diols via the borrowing hydrogen pathway. Several variations on new intra- and intermolecular cyclizations of aminoalcohols, diols and diamines lead to heterocyclic ring systems.

Environmental Applications Of Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Wisam Abdulabbas Flayyih Al Isawi

Masters Theses

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) are powerful analytical techniques that combine the separation power in a stationary phase with the detection power of mass spectrometry. GCMS and LC-MS have gained dominant positions in identifying and quantifying different analyte species due to their high selectivity, high sensitivity, and high reproducibility.

My research utilizes the analytical power of LC-MS and GC-MS to address two environmental issues: 1) Identification of biodegradation products of the ionic liquid 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) by an activated sludge microbial community using LC-MS and 2) identification and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in …

Volume 08, Meghan Enzinna, Casey Dawn Gailey, Raven Collins, Chiara Enriquez, Amelia Mcconnell, Alexander Morton, Emma Beckett, Leah G. Parr, Briana Adhikusuma, Taylor Embrey, Rowan Davis, Danielle Sisson, Bianca Cherry, Melissa Cacho, Chloe Woodward, Catherine Rollins, Carson Reeher, Landon Cooper, Haley Vasquez, Marlisha Stewart, Eric Whitehead, Sabrina Walker, James Bates

Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Introduction from Interim Dean Dr. Jennifer Apperson

Indigenous Peoples and the Modern Era by Meghan Enzinna

"Who Says": How Selena Gomez and the Scene Attempt to Subvert the Popular Standards of Beauty by Casey Dawn Gailey

Art by Raven Collins

Meltdown on Social Media: Amy's Baking Company Meets Kitchen Nightmares by Nathena Haddrill

Art by Chiara Enriquez

Design by Amelia Mcconnell

Worth More Than a Thousand Words: A Visual Rhetorical Discussion of Virtual Reality by Examining "Clouds Over Sidra" by Alexander Morton

Design by Emma Beckett

The Sonata: An Analysis of Piano Sonata No. 14 in C Minor, K. …

Enantiomerically Pure Planar Chiral N-Oxazolidinoyl Diene Tricarbonyl Iron(O) Complexes: Their Synthesis And Functionalization, Raundi E. Quevedo , '16

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Broadly, the goal of this research was to observe the scope of the molecules we could make, how effective the syntheses were, and what the broader outcomes were. One objective of this research was to observe how oxazolidinoyl iron tricarbonyl diene scaffolds could be used for the diastereoselective synthesis of molecules. To determine the substrate scope, we wanted to manipulate the group functionalization at the R1 and R2 side chain. We were able to incorporate the desired aldehyde both at the R1 and the R2 position, although subsequent manipulation was only successful at the R1 side chain. In addition to …

One Year Later: The Politics And Stories Of Post-Earthquake Nepal, Boyer Andrew

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal on April 25^th, 2015. This was followed by a second major earthquake of magnitude 7.3 on May 12^th , 2015. These disasters took the lives of thousands of Nepali people, destroyed hundreds of thousands of structures, and displaced an estimated two million people. Immediately following the disaster, there was an outpouring of humanitarian aid from around the world. This lead to a conference where $4.1 billion USD of reconstruction funds were pledged to Nepal by international donors. Five months later, a new constitution passed into law and an informal blockade of …

Double-Stranded Water On Stepped Platinum Surfaces, Manuel J. Kolb, Rachael G. Farber, Jonathan Derouin, Cansin Badan, Federico Calle-Vallejo, Ludo B. F. Juurlink, Daniel Killelea, Marc T. M. Koper

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The interaction of platinum with water plays a key role in (electro)catalysis. Herein, we describe a combined theoretical and experimental study that resolves the preferred adsorption structure of water wetting the Pt(111)-step type with adjacent (111) terraces. Double stranded lines wet the step edge forming water tetragons with dissimilar hydrogen bonds within and between the lines. Our results qualitatively explain experimental observations of water desorption and impact our thinking of solvation at the Pt electrochemical interface.

Novel Numerical Models Of Electrostatic Interactions And Their Application To S-Nitrosothiol Simulations, Maxim Vadimovich Ivanov

Dissertations (1934 -)

Atom-centered point charge model of the molecular electrostatics remains a major workhorse in the atomistic biomolecular simulations. However, this approximation fails to reproduce anisotropic features of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and the existing methods of the charge derivation are often associated with the numerical instabilities. This work provides an in-depth analysis of these limitations and offers a novel approach to describe electrostatic interactions that paves the way toward efficient next-generation force fields. By analyzing the charge fitting problem from first principles, as an example of the mathematical inverse problem, we show that the numerical instabilities of the charge-fitting problem …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Biologically Relevant Fe(Ii) Complexes Containing Redox-Active (Hydro)Quinone Ligands, Amanda Elizabeth Baum

Dissertations (1934 -)

Redox-active p-(hydro)quinones work in concert with transition-metal centers to facilitate electron transfers in numerous biological contexts. While p-(hydro)quinones are known to interact with both heme and nonheme iron cofactors, the nonheme systems are particularly relevant to photosynthetic and bioremediation processes. In photosynthesis, two p-quinones facilitate an electron transfer away from the photoexcited P680 cofactor via a non-heme Fe(II) center. Based on EPR results, this interaction results in formation of transient Fe(II)/p-semiquinone (pSQ) species. In addition, a superoxo-iron(II)-pSQ species has been proposed as an intermediate of the oxidative cleavage mechanism of hydroquinone dioxygenases (HQDOs), which play a central role in the …

Synthesis, Morphological Control, Dispersion Stabilization And In Situ Self-Assembly Of Noble Metal Nanostructures Using Multidentate Resorcinarene Surfactants, Sangbum Han

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

In this dissertation, a detailed investigation on the influence of various macrocyclic resorcinarene surfactants in determining the morphology, stabilization and self-assembly of mono- and bi- metallic nanoparticles was undertaken. Chapter 2 describes the influence of resorcinarene surfactants functionalized with amine- and thiol- headgroups in determining the morphology of monometallic Pt nanoparticles synthesized via the Brust-Schiffrin reaction. We found that while resorcinarene benzylthiol can lead to the formation of highly branched Pt nanostructures, resorcinarene amine can lead to the formation of anisotropic crystalline Pt nanoparticles. Further, we have evaluated the influence of resorcinarene ligands in determining the catalytic activity of these …

Synthesis And Mechanistic Investigations Of Transition Metal Complexes And Ligands For Chemotherapeutic Applications, Jimmie Lee Bullock Jr.

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Transition metal complexes have played a critical role in antitumor therapy with many complexes incorporating platinum, ruthenium, and lanthanum having been investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. The best known transition metal therapeutic is cisplatin, which is utilized in nearly 50% of all cancer therapies, despite its significant toxic side effects. The toxic side effects of current FDA approved platinum-based chemotherapeutics are often overlooked due to the “special status” granted to these drugs due to their ability to fight, what is often considered an incurable disease with life expectancies often measured in months. Oncology drug development has therefore now focused …

The Marine Cyanate Cycle, Brittany Widner

OES Theses and Dissertations

Cyanate (OCN-) is a reduced nitrogen compound with the potential to serve as a nitrogen and carbon source for marine microbes. Evidence from genomes and culture studies indicated that several marine cyanobacterial groups, including representatives of the globally important genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, might be capable of cyanate assimilation. However, prior to this study, the distribution, bioavailability, and production pathways of cyanate were unknown in natural systems due to the absence of a sensitive cyanate assay; and the ability of organisms to assimilate cyanate on relevant timescales was unknown because we lacked a suitable tracer for measuring uptake. I developed …

Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Rural Surface Water Treatment Plant In Nacogdoches, Texas, Esmeralda Garcia, Jennifer Hanes, Phillip Sharp, Petra Kadakova, Kefa Karimu Onchoke, Michael Janusa

Undergraduate Research Conference

The performance of a rural surface water treatment plant in Nacogdoches Texas was assessed for selected metals (Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) from June 2015 through spring 2016. Results indicate that the lake water coming into the surface water treatment plant was significantly cleaner after treatment and was below maximum World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards.

Water Soluble Cationic Porphyrin Sensor For Detection Of Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, And Cu2+, Christopher Orr, Miranda Uherek, Matibur Zamadar

Undergraduate Research Conference

Here we report the sensing properties of the aqueous solution of mesotetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine tetrachloride (1) for simultaneous detection of toxic metal ions by using UV-vis spectroscopy. Cationic porphyrin 1 displayed different electronic absorptions in UV-vis region upon interacting with Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ ions in neutral water solution at room temperature. Quite interestingly, the porphyrin 1 showed that it can function as a single optical chemical sensor and/ or metal ion receptor capable of detecting two or more toxic metal ions, particularly, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ ions coexisting in a water sample. Porphyrin 1 in an aqueous solution provides a …