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2016

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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1435

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Investigation Of Heavy Metals In Zebrafish Tissue By Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence, Martina Schmeling, E. Jamka, J. Arroyo, K. Niaz, T. Trinh Jan 2016

Investigation Of Heavy Metals In Zebrafish Tissue By Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence, Martina Schmeling, E. Jamka, J. Arroyo, K. Niaz, T. Trinh

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Heavy metals are present in the environment, in many consumer products and can be found in food. Some heavy metals like zinc and copper are essential for enzymatic and metabolic function while others like lead and mercury are toxic and interfere with biological pathways. Zebrafish are a very popular model organism for monitoring toxicity of heavy metals and investigating vertebrate development. In this study we explore the possibility of using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to analyze histological sections of zebrafish embryos after exposure to nickel and lead. A methacrylate resin embedding protocol and a paraffin embedding protocol were evaluated …

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The Origin Of Amino Acids In Lunar Regolith Samples, Jamie E. Elsila, Michael P. Callahan, Jason P. Dworkin, Daniel P. Glavin, Hannah L. Mclain, Sarah K. Noble, Everett K. Gibson Jr. Jan 2016

The Origin Of Amino Acids In Lunar Regolith Samples, Jamie E. Elsila, Michael P. Callahan, Jason P. Dworkin, Daniel P. Glavin, Hannah L. Mclain, Sarah K. Noble, Everett K. Gibson Jr.

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

We analyzed the amino acid content of seven lunar regolith samples returned by the Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 missions and stored under NASA curation since collection using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Consistent with results from initial analyses shortly after collection in the 1970s, we observed amino acids at low concentrations in all of the curated samples, ranging from 0.2 parts-per-billion (ppb) to 42.7 ppb in hot-water extracts and 14.5–651.1 ppb in 6 M HCl acid-vapor-hydrolyzed, hot-water extracts. Amino acids identified in the Apollo soil extracts include glycine, D- and L-alanine, D- and L-aspartic …

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Preparation And Characterization Of Photoactive Antimicrobial Graphitic Carbon Nitride (G-C3N4) Films, John H. Thurston, Necia M. Hunter, Kenneth A. Cornell Jan 2016

Preparation And Characterization Of Photoactive Antimicrobial Graphitic Carbon Nitride (G-C3N4) Films, John H. Thurston, Necia M. Hunter, Kenneth A. Cornell

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Photoactive films derived from nanostructured samples of the metal-free, intermediate band gap semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (ns-g-C3N4) have been synthesized and characterized for their particle properties and antimicrobial activity. Physical characterization reveals that these materials are composed of discrete nanoparticles whose dimensions range from 200 nm to 700 nm. Investigation of the photochemical reactivity of ns-g-C3N4 using coumarin-3- carboxylic acid (3-CCA) indicates that this material produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible radiation. When irradiated with 0.31J visible light, ns-g-C3N4-based materials reduced the …

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Isoquinoline-Substituted Triazole And Pyran Derivatives: Synthesis And Computational Studies, Duygu Yeni̇dede, Selçuk Gümüş, Ayşegül Gümüş Jan 2016

Isoquinoline-Substituted Triazole And Pyran Derivatives: Synthesis And Computational Studies, Duygu Yeni̇dede, Selçuk Gümüş, Ayşegül Gümüş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The one-pot synthesis of novel 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from isoquinoline-substituted homopropargyl alcohol backbone is described (42%-88% yields). A ring closing metathesis reaction and an intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction of enyne system derived from a homopropargyl alcohol backbone to afford the corresponding isoquinoline-substituted dihydropyran and cyclopentenone-pyran, respectively, are also described (54% and 78% yields). Information about the structural, electronic, and physico-chemical properties of the novel compounds, obtained by density functional theory application, is also reported.

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Ionic Liquid Based Fluorescent Sensors For Cations, Jaelene M. Torres Jan 2016

Ionic Liquid Based Fluorescent Sensors For Cations, Jaelene M. Torres

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The development of novel fluorescent sensors for cations is an area of current interest. Most of these sensors are large organic molecules that have a low solubility in water and are not suitable to be used as sensors in water. The goal of this study is to develop a new sensor by attaching an ionic liquid group to make it water-soluble. We have used a well-known photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensor for protons as our first test. This sensor is based on a chromophore-spacer-receptor design that is based on an anthracene chromophore and a morpholine proton receptor. The sensor is …

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Calculating Heat Of Formation Values Of Energetic Compounds: A Comparative Study, Michael S. Elioff, Jordon Hoy, John A. Bumpus Jan 2016

Calculating Heat Of Formation Values Of Energetic Compounds: A Comparative Study, Michael S. Elioff, Jordon Hoy, John A. Bumpus

Faculty Work

Heat of formation is one of several important parameters used to assess the performance of energetic compounds. We evaluated the ability of six different methods to accurately calculate gas-phase heat of formation (Δ 𝑓𝐻𝑜 298,g) values for a test set of 45 nitrogencontaining energetic compounds. Density functional theory coupled with the use of isodesmic or other balanced equations yielded calculated results in which 82% (37 of 45) of the Δ 𝑓𝐻𝑜 298,g values were within ±2.0 kcal/mol of the most recently recommended experimental/reference values available. This was compared to a procedure using density functional theory …

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Synthetic Study Toward Lycopodium Alkaloids Via A Common Bicyclic Intermediate, Michaela Cara Vertorano Jan 2016

Synthetic Study Toward Lycopodium Alkaloids Via A Common Bicyclic Intermediate, Michaela Cara Vertorano

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The lycopodium alkaloids are a family of over 270 naturally occurring compounds, many of which are bioactive. Therefore, developing an efficient manner by which these alkaloids can be synthesized could be incredibly useful in studying their potential medicinal benefits. Herein, steps toward this goal were accomplished. A bicyclic ring structure was synthesized in few steps from commercially available starting materials. This structure can be viewed as a key intermediate from which several lycopodium alkaloids could be synthesized in relatively few steps. The ring system was subject to an aza-Prins cyclization reaction to synthesize the alkaloids lycopodine. Unfortunately the current synthetic …

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Degradation And Exciton Energy Transfer Studies In Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles, Abhishek Gottipati Jan 2016

Degradation And Exciton Energy Transfer Studies In Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles, Abhishek Gottipati

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) due to their unique optical behavior, large surface area, robust mechanical strength and electrical properties make them one of the ideal candidates for sensing and opto-electronic applications. In this work, we explore the energy transfer (exciton energy transfer-EET) phenomena occurring between nanotubes in bundles, using resonance Raman spectroscopy.

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An Investigation Of The Uptake, Distribution, And Accumulation Of Lead And Other Trace Elements In Caprine Brain Tissues Using Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Amy Joanna Steuerwald Jan 2016

An Investigation Of The Uptake, Distribution, And Accumulation Of Lead And Other Trace Elements In Caprine Brain Tissues Using Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Amy Joanna Steuerwald

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Exposure to toxic elements and dysregulation of essential elements have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the importance of trace elements in neurological function, little is known regarding their uptake and distribution within brain tissues. Even less is known regarding the impact of toxic metal exposure (i.e., Pb) on endogenous metals within the brain.

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Development Of Direct Analysis In Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Dart-Hrms) And Statistical Analysis Tools For The Identification And Classification Of Psychoactive Plant Drugs, Ashton Danielle Lesiak Jan 2016

Development Of Direct Analysis In Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Dart-Hrms) And Statistical Analysis Tools For The Identification And Classification Of Psychoactive Plant Drugs, Ashton Danielle Lesiak

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In current forensic testing, a new pattern is emerging where the drugs that are submitted to crime labs for analysis are no longer restricted to well-characterized substances such as cocaine, heroin and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The appearance of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in forensic laboratories, including synthetic alternatives to scheduled substances and plant-based psychotropics, has highlighted issues that traditional analytical methods such as gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry impose in the characterization of these samples. These can include lengthy extractions, derivatization steps, pH adjustments and/or a host of other procedures. Since the creation of legislation to address the use of …

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Mutational Studies Of The Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage) Inhibition, Sarah Corte Jan 2016

Mutational Studies Of The Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage) Inhibition, Sarah Corte

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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The Chemistry Of New Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds And The Molecular Basis Of Olfaction, Berenice Dethier Jan 2016

The Chemistry Of New Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds And The Molecular Basis Of Olfaction, Berenice Dethier

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Garlic is a very popular condiment that has been used around the world for centuries. It is also a source of a remarkably extensive range of organosulfur compounds, whose chemistry is the focus of this thesis. The central reaction in formation of these compounds is the enzymatic cleavage of alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides by alliinases, which leads to sulfenic acids. The latter can then undergo condensation and rearrangement into various organosulfur compounds. Three aspects of the chemistry of garlic have been investigated in this thesis.

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Study Of Protein-Protein Interaction By Using In-Cell Nmr In Human Cells, Asma Salem M Aldousary Jan 2016

Study Of Protein-Protein Interaction By Using In-Cell Nmr In Human Cells, Asma Salem M Aldousary

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

We developed a new technology to study protein-protein interaction in mammalian cells. This technology is based high resolution of Nucleic Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using this technology we studied interaction between the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). RAGE- is a multiligand receptor of immunoglobulin receptor family that is activated by a multitude of ligands. Activation of RAGE results in signal transduction that leads to the inflammatory response implicated in the complications of Diabetes. RAGE is an emergent drug target that has been explored for the variety of pathologist including cancers, neurological disorders, inflammatory disease, and diabetes. and Intracellular effector …

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The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry For The Structural Elucidation Of Progressively Larger Nucleic Acids, Jennifer Lynn Lippens Jan 2016

The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry For The Structural Elucidation Of Progressively Larger Nucleic Acids, Jennifer Lynn Lippens

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The biomedical community and pharmaceutical industry have come to rely in ever

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Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare Jan 2016

Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is a major issue in Saudi Arabia. Though the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 have been extensively studied in developed countries of Europe and North America, this research is yet to be done in developing countries of Africa, some parts of Asia and the Middle East including Saudi Arabia. This is the first comprehensive assessment of PM2.5 air pollution in Saudi Arabia describing the major emission sources as well as assessing the association of daily exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with cardiopulmonary morbidity.

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Application Of Encoded Microparticles Fabricated By Standard Lithography On Multiplexed Bioassay, Muhan He Jan 2016

Application Of Encoded Microparticles Fabricated By Standard Lithography On Multiplexed Bioassay, Muhan He

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Suspension microarray, has become a popular candidate for multiplexed bioassay since its advent. Unlike traditional planar microarray, suspension microarray permits the probes suspended in aqueous solution while keeping their addresses, and possesses many advantages such as large available binding surface, rapid reaction rate, high multiplexing ability, and high sensitivity and specificity. Photolithography, the technology widely utilized for production of abundant microparticles as carrier in suspension microarray, was investigated by many researchers. However, there was still not a mature, efficient method to produce microparticles with low background, easily recognized identity and good hybridization capacity. To address those issues, we developed a …

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Tmco1 Is An Er Ca2+ Load-Activated Ca2+ Channel, Qiao-Chu Wang, Qiaoxia Zheng, Haiyan Tan, Bing Zhang, Xiaoling Li, Yuxiu Yang, Jie Yu, Yang Liu, Hao Chai, Xi Wang, Zhongshuai Sun, Jiu-Qiang Wang, Shu Zhu, Fengli Wang, Maojun Yang, Caixia Guo, Heng Wang, Qingyin Zheng, Yang Li, Quan Chen, Aimin Zhou, Tie-Shan Tang Jan 2016

Tmco1 Is An Er Ca2+ Load-Activated Ca2+ Channel, Qiao-Chu Wang, Qiaoxia Zheng, Haiyan Tan, Bing Zhang, Xiaoling Li, Yuxiu Yang, Jie Yu, Yang Liu, Hao Chai, Xi Wang, Zhongshuai Sun, Jiu-Qiang Wang, Shu Zhu, Fengli Wang, Maojun Yang, Caixia Guo, Heng Wang, Qingyin Zheng, Yang Li, Quan Chen, Aimin Zhou, Tie-Shan Tang

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Maintaining homeostasis of Ca2+stores in theendoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for properCa2+signaling and key cellular functions. The Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+(CRAC) channel is respon-sible for Ca2+influx and refilling after store depletion,but how cells cope with excess Ca2+when ER storesare overloaded is unclear. We show that TMCO1 is anER transmembrane protein that actively preventsCa2+stores from overfilling, acting as what we terma ‘‘Ca2+load-activated Ca2+channel’’ or ‘‘CLAC’’channel. TMCO1 undergoes reversible homotetra-merization in response to ER Ca2+overloadingand disassembly upon Ca2+depletion and forms aCa2+-selective ion channel on giant liposomes.TMCO1 knockout mice reproduce the main clinicalfeatures of human cerebrofaciothoracic (CFT)dysplasia spectrum, a developmental disorder linkedto TMCO1 dysfunction, and …

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Processes And Reagents For Making Daryliodonium Salts, Stephen Dimagno Jan 2016

Processes And Reagents For Making Daryliodonium Salts, Stephen Dimagno

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

This invention relates to processes and reagents for making diaryliodonium salts, which are useful for the preparation of fluorinated and radiofluorinated aromatic compounds.

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Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulates Trichomonas 1 Vaginalis Activity, Travis Korosh, Kelsey D. Jordan, Ja-Shin Wu, Nigel Yarlett, Rita K. Upmacis Jan 2016

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulates Trichomonas 1 Vaginalis Activity, Travis Korosh, Kelsey D. Jordan, Ja-Shin Wu, Nigel Yarlett, Rita K. Upmacis

Faculty Papers and Publications

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasite and, while it is often asymptomatic in 50 males, the parasite is associated with disease in both sexes. Metronidazole is an effective 51 treatment for trichomoniasis, but resistant strains have evolved and, thus, it has become 52 necessary to investigate other possible therapies. In this study, we examined the effects of native 53 and oxidized forms of the sodium salts of eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic 54 acids on T. vaginalis activity. Eicosapentaenoic acid was the most toxic with 190 μM and 380 55 μM causing approximately 90% cell death in Casu2 and ATCC …

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Bupropion Hydrochloride, Cylie A. Couch Jan 2016

Bupropion Hydrochloride, Cylie A. Couch

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to r bupropion hydrochloride (Wellbutrin, Zyban), a medication used to treat depression, smoking cessation, and seasonal affective disorder.

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Vladimir Prelog And His Contribution To Stereochemistry, Kevin Jiang Jan 2016

Vladimir Prelog And His Contribution To Stereochemistry, Kevin Jiang

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College features chemist Vladimir Prelog, best known for his contributions to the Canin-Ingold-Prelog Rules.

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The Danger Of Scented Candles, Shahad Alsayyad Jan 2016

The Danger Of Scented Candles, Shahad Alsayyad

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

These slides, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, show how scented candles release organic compounds whether lit or not, can cause diseases, and indoor air pollution.

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Aprepitant, Emily Defend Jan 2016

Aprepitant, Emily Defend

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to Aprepitant (Emend), a medication used to prevent acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic chemotherapy.

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Mario Molina And The Threat Of Cfcs To The Ozone Layer In The Stratosphere, Dan Y. Watanabe Jan 2016

Mario Molina And The Threat Of Cfcs To The Ozone Layer In The Stratosphere, Dan Y. Watanabe

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College describes the accomplishments of Mario Molina, who shares the Nobel Prize in chemistry with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland for discovering the harmful effects of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the stratosphere to the overall atmosphere and how they contribute to ozone depletion.

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Jacobus H. Van't Hoff: Osmotic Pressure And Chemical Equilibrium, Jonathan Rosales Jan 2016

Jacobus H. Van't Hoff: Osmotic Pressure And Chemical Equilibrium, Jonathan Rosales

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland college features Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff, a Dutch physical and organic chemist, was the recipient of the first Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1901. He is considered on of the founders of physical chemistry, and is known for formulating the osmotic pressure law as well as his work with chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and stereochemistry.

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Mirtazapine, Cassidy Hicks Jan 2016

Mirtazapine, Cassidy Hicks

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to Mirtazapine(Remeron, Remeron SolTab), a medication used to treat depression.

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Isotretinoin, Gina Wojnar Jan 2016

Isotretinoin, Gina Wojnar

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to Isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret), a medication used to treat severe recalcitrant cystic or conglobate acne in patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.

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Decoding The Double Helix: Frederick Sanger And Sanger Sequencing, Creighton A. Jackson Jan 2016

Decoding The Double Helix: Frederick Sanger And Sanger Sequencing, Creighton A. Jackson

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which summarizes the work of Frederick Sanger, a British biochemist and the only recipient of two separate Nobel Prizes in the field of chemistry. His first prize was awarded for his work deciphering the structure of the protein insulin. This discovery would go on to influence research on proteins and DNA as it determined that proteins had definite structures and led to the theory that DNA directed the construction of proteins. His second was awarded for this work on the Sanger method of DNA sequencing and …

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Aminosalicylic Acid (Paser), Vilas B. Vekaria Jan 2016

Aminosalicylic Acid (Paser), Vilas B. Vekaria

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to Aminosalicylic Acid (Paser), a drug used with other medications for the treatment of tuberculosis.

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Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Phosphoamino Acid-Metal Ion Complexes, Urmi Patel Jan 2016

Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Phosphoamino Acid-Metal Ion Complexes, Urmi Patel

All Capstone Projects

The complex of phosphoamino acid with metal ions was prepared by mixing both solutions and analyzed using ESI MS/MS technique. In this study, O-phospho-L-serine and O-phospho-L-tyrosine were used as phosphoamino acids and single charged metal ions such as Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Ag+ were used to study the dissociation patterns when combined with phosphoamino acid. The complexes were successfully fragmented in mass spectra using ESI MS/MS technique and the fragmentation products were studied and the dissociation patterns were proposed.

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