Chemistry Commons^™

Synthesis And Computational Studies Of New Metallo-Phthalocyanines Bearing Dibenzoxanthenes And Evaluation Of Their Optical Properties In Solution And Solid Pmma/Znpc/Al Nanocomposite Films, Ali Reza Karimi, Zeinab Jafarzadeh, Meysam Sourinia, Akbar Zendehnam, Azam Khodadadi, Zeinab Dalirnasab, Mohammad Solimannejad, Peyman Zolgharnein

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

New thermally stable metallo-phthalocyanines bearing dibenzoxanthenes as highly organo-solubilizing aromatic hydrocarbon substituents were successfully prepared by cyclotetramerization of corresponding phthalonitriles with anhydrous metal salts [Zn(CH$_{3}$COO)$_{2}$ and NiCl$_{2}$] in the presence of a catalytic amount of DBU in 2-(dimethylamino) ethanol. All of these phthalocyanines are soluble in some organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, THF, CH$_{2}$Cl$_{2}$, and CHCl$_{3}$. Then we successfully prepared the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/ZnPc/Al nanocomposite films by incorporating Al nanoparticles into a transparent PMMA/ZnPc matrix. The structure and morphology of nanocomposite films were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical absorption spectra of PMMA/ZnPc/Al nanocomposite films …

Characterization Of An Al$^{3+}$-Selective Fluorescent Probe Based On A Benzoyl Hydrazine Derivative And Its Application In Cell Imaging, Yuxiang Ji, Chunwei Yu, Shaobai Wen, Jun Zhang

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A fluorescent probe based on benzoyl hydrazine was synthesized and characterized as an Al$^{3+}$-selective fluorescent probe. This probe showed good selectivity towards Al$^{3+\, }$compared to other common ions. Under optimized experimental conditions, the probe exhibited a linear dynamic response for Al$^{3+}$ from 5.0 $\times $ 10$^{-7}$ to 4.5 $\times $ 10$^{-6}$ M with a detection limit of 1.3 $\times $ 10$^{-7}$ M in ethanol-water solution (9:1, v:v, pH 6.8, 20 mM HEPES). Furthermore, it was used for imaging of Al$^{3+}$ in living cells with satisfying results.

Synthesis, Reaction, And Evaluation Of The Anticancer Activity Of 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5$H$-Cyclohepta[4,5]Selenopheno[2,3-$D$]Pyrimidine Derivatives, Kadi̇r Doğanay, Ünzi̇le Keleştemur, Sevgi̇ Balcioğlu, Burhan Ateş, Ali̇ye Altundaş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The cyclocondensation of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4$H$-cyclohepta[$b$] selenophene-3-carbonitrile (1) with formic acid and formamide gave the selenophenopyrimidine 15 and selenophenopyrimidone 6 derivatives. The reaction of 6 with phosphorus oxychloride produced 4-chloro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5$H$-cyclohepta[4,5] seleno[2,3-$d$]pyrimidine (12), the key compound for our nucleophilic substitution reactions. The hydrazinoselenophenopyrimidine 19 obtained from the reaction of 12 with hydrazine hydrate was converted to its tetrazoloselenophenopyrimidine 21 and triazoloselenophenopyrimidine 26 derivatives. Moreover, the chloropyrimidine derivative was reacted with pyrrolidine and morpholine to afford 4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5$H$-cylohepta[4,5]selenopheno[2,3-$d$]pyrimidine (27) and 4-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5$H$-cyclohepta[4,5]selenopheno[2,3-$d$]pirimidin-4-yl)morpholine (28). Anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the IC$_{50}$ values of these compounds were …

Zr(Iv), Ti(Iv), And V(Iii) Complexes Of Some Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole, And Benzoxazole Ligands: Characterization And Catalyst Efficiency In Ethylene Polymerization, Hamdi Ali Elagab, Helmut G. Alt

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Fifteen complexes of 2, 2-bis- (benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole) compounds with Zr(IV), Ti(IV), and V(III) metal centers were synthesized, characterized, activated with methyalumoxane (MAO), and then tested for catalytic ethylene polymerization. The activities of the various catalysts were found to be functions of the hetero atoms in the ligand frameworks. The activity of the catalyst system \textbf{6}/MAO was found to be 1372 kg PE/mol cat. h. The polyethylene produced with the catalyst system 6/MAO showed high molecular weights (1.84 $\times $ 10$^{6}$ g/mol) and broad molecular weight distributions (PD = 11). This could result from different interactions of the MAO …

Ag(I) Complexes Of Benzimidazol-2-Ylidene Ligands: A Study Of Catalytic Efficiency Towards Three-Component Coupling Reactions, Rafet Kilinçarslan, Nai̇m Sadiç, Beki̇r Çeti̇nkaya

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The $N$-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)--Ag(I) complexes 3a-c were synthesized from benzimidazolium chlorides (2a-c = NHC.HCl), incorporating benzyl derivatives and a 2-methoxyethyl group (a: $^{3}$N = 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl; b: $^{3}$N = 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl; c: $^{3}$N = pentamethylbenzyl). The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The synthesized NHC-Ag(I) complexes (3a-c) were tested as catalysts for the catalytic three-component coupling reaction of aldehyde, alkyne, and amine to propargylamines in various solvents. All complexes were active catalysts for catalytic three-component coupling reactions with good yields under neat and mild conditions (after 4 h, yields of up to 94%).

Comparison Of Influence Of Nanomaterials On A Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode-Based Bioanode In Biofuel Cells, Sema Aslan, Murat Tutum, Yudum Tepeli̇, Ülkü Anik

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper presents a comparative study of nanomaterial modified glassy carbon paste electrodes (GCPEs) used as bioanodes in enzymatic biofuel cells. The developed bioanode electrodes were obtained by modification of composite GCPEs with glucose oxidase (GOx) and different nanomaterials like manganese(IV) oxide nanoparticle (MnO$_{2}$ np) and aluminum titanate (Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$-TiO$_{2})$ bimetallic nanostructure. These nanostructures were utilized in a GCPE-based enzymatic bioanode construction for the first time. P-benzoquinone mediator was used for the electron transfer between enzyme redox center and bioanode electrode where glucose analyte was used as substrate. A laccase-modified plain GCPE was used as biocathode electrode. Then these electrodes were …

Newly Synthesized Furanoside-Based Nhc Ligands For The Arylation Of Aldehydes, Serpi̇l Deni̇zalti, Fatma Çeti̇n Telli̇, Seli̇n Yildiran, Azi̇ze Yeşi̇m Salman, Beki̇r Çeti̇nkaya

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

New furanoside-based NHC precursor salts (2) were synthesized using amino alcohols from the chloralose derivatives of glucose (a), galactose (b), and mannose (c). The novel compounds were fully characterized by $^{1}$H NMR, $^{13}$C NMR, and elemental analyses. The catalytic activities of these salts were tested in the arylation of aldehydes as catalysts that were generated in situ from [RhCl(COD)]$_{2}$. In addition, 2a was converted to the rhodium complex 3a in order to compare the results obtained in situ. The newly synthesized compounds were very efficient in terms of yield; nevertheless they did not exhibit a chiral induction.

Adsorption Of Cellulase On Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Cryogels Containing Phenylalanine, Murat Yavuz, Oğuz Çakir, Zübeyde Baysal

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The aim of this study was to prepare a supermacroporous cryogel that can be used for the adsorption of cellulase. The macroporous cryogel of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-phenylalanine) [p(HEMA-MAPA)] was prepared by copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with a functional monomer of N-methacryloyl-l-phenylalanine (MAPA). The cryogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and swelling tests. The effects of several parameters such as medium pH, temperature, ionic strength, and flow rate on cellulase adsorption were also investigated. Maximum cellulase adsorption was observed at 25 $^{\circ}$C and pH 4.0. Furthermore, adsorbed cellulase was desorbed from the cryogel by using 1.0 …

Bismuth(Iii)-Sio$_{2}$ Catalyzed Synthesis Of Polysubstituted Imidazoles With The Participation Of Azaaryl Derivatives Of Aniline In Four-Component Reactions, Zarrin Ghasemi, Ziba Zakeri, Maryam Allahvirdinesbat

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of novel polyaromatic derivatives of imidazole were synthesized by Bi(III) nitrate-SiO$_{2}$ catalyzed four-component reactions of benzil, ammonium acetate, aromatic aldehydes, and $N$-heterocyclic derivatives of aniline under solvent-free conditions.

Mn-Doped Zns Quantum Dots As A Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Probe For Analysis Of Glutamic Acid In Foodstuffs, Hayri̇ye Eda Şatana Kara, Burak Demi̇rhan, Buket Er Demi̇rhan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

L-cysteine-capped Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were used for the determination of glutamic acid in foodstuffs. This method is based on measurement of the quenching of the phosphorescence intensity of the QDs after interacting with glutamic acid. A linear response was observed from 50 to 500 ng mL$^{-1}$ glutamic acid with a limit of detection of 6.79 ng mL$^{-1}$. Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) intensity of the QDs was quenched rapidly upon the addition of the quencher and the reaction reached equilibrium within 2 min. The quenching mechanism of phosphorescence of Mn-doped ZnS QDs by glutamic acid is dynamic and the …

Production, Purification, And Characterization Of A Thermo-Alkali Stable And Metal-Tolerant Carboxymethylcellulase From Newly Isolated Bacillus Methylotrophicus Y37, Yonca Duman, Yonca Yüzügüllü Karakuş, Arzu Sertel, Fi̇kri̇ye Polat

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-degrading bacterium was isolated from soil, identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus according to the physiological properties and analyses of 16S rRNA and a partial sequence of the gyrase A (gyrA) gene, and named as B. methylotrophicus Y37. The CMCase enzyme was purified to homogeneity by 20.4-fold with 21.73% recovery using single-step hydrophobic interaction chromatography and biochemically characterized. CMCase showed a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The activity profile of the CMCase enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 45 $^{\circ}$C and pH 5.0. The activity was highly stable at alkaline pH levels. More than 90% of …

A Guided Inquiry-Based Laboratory Experiment: Synthesis And Characterization Of Various Phthiocol Complexes, Turina Jangula

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Despite proven effectiveness of constructivist guided-inquiry based instruction for college chemistry courses, teaching in advanced chemistry courses such as inorganic chemistry remains very much traditional. This persistence of traditional instructional approaches could be attributed to the lack of inquiry-based curriculum materials for these courses. In this paper a guided-inquiry based inorganic laboratory experiment on the synthesis and characterization of phthiocol complexes with four different metals is presented along with suggestions for implementation as a laboratory activity. The experiment is unique in terms of its development based on a social constructivist framework and has student discussion and conceptual understanding of inorganic …

Synthesis And Properties Of Bisimidazolium And Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Containing Michael Addition Polyester Networks, Joshua Allan Dippie

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have been examined in recent years for applications in various technologies, including solid-state lithium ion batteries and gas separation membranes. In this work, a series of bisimidazolium-containing, Michael addition donors were synthesized and used to produce a series of covalently crosslinked PIL polyester networks containing bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the counteranion. Within the series, the length of alkyl spacer between the two imidazolium cations and the diacrylate to acetoacetate monomer ratio were varied in an attempt to correlate structural variations with the thermal, mechanical, and conductive properties of the PILs. Keeping the diacrylate to acetoacetate ratio constant, increasing the …

It Is All About (U)Biquitin: Role Of Altered Ubiquitin-Proteasome System And Uchl1 In Alzheimer Disease, Antonella Tramutola, Fabio Di Domenico, Eugenio Barone, Marzia Perluigi, D. Allan Butterfield

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Free radical-mediated damage to macromolecules and the resulting oxidative modification of different cellular components are a common feature of aging, and this process becomes much more pronounced in age-associated pathologies, including Alzheimer disease (AD). In particular, proteins are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress-induced damage and these irreversible modifications lead to the alteration of protein structure and function. In order to maintain cell homeostasis, these oxidized/damaged proteins have to be removed in order to prevent their toxic accumulation. It is generally accepted that the age-related accumulation of “aberrant” proteins results from both the increased occurrence of damage and the decreased efficiency …

Determination Of Volcanic Impact On Perchlorate Using Polar Ice Cores, Alex Georgiev, Collin Livingston, Cody Ward

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Arctic (Greenland) ice core samples covering the time period of 1638-1646 were analyzed for perchlorate and sulfate concentrations. The sulfate data show a signal corresponding to the 1640 eruption of the Komaga-Take volcano in Japan. Perchlorate concentrations show a significant increase at the time of the Komaga-Take eruption. It is concluded that a positive correlation likely exists between stratospheric volcanic eruptions and perchlorate concentration in the environment. When a volcano has enough explosive force to inject substances into the stratosphere, some of the substances, such as sulfate, can remain in the stratosphere for months and spread all over the global …

Ceria Based Catalysts For Low Temperature NoX Storage And Release, Samantha Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Model ceria catalysts were evaluated for NOx storage and desorption performance under lean conditions. Three different storage temperatures (80 °C, 120 °C, and 160 °C) were utilized to evaluate NO_x storage. Higher temperatures resulted in higher NO_x storage. It was observed that storage of platinum promoted ceria resulted in higher NO_x storage compared to promotion with palladium. NO_x desorption behavior of platinum promoted ceria indicated that the majority of NO_x is released at high temperatures (> 350 °C), comparatively palladium promotion released more of the stored NO_x at lower temperatures. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier …

Environmentally Benign Extraction Processes In Analytical Separation Of Essential Oils, John Kiratu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology has been well received as an environmentally friendly processing technique. Over the last two decades, its use in many processing industries has tremendously advanced. This is as a result of pressure from regulating bodies aimed at reducing the wide-scale use of organic solvents due to negative environmental impacts. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is considered to be environmentally benign and has been used in the development of a wide-range of alternative processes in various industries to totally or partially eliminate the use of organic solvents. Conventional processes for essential oil extraction involve steam distillation and organic …

Mechanistic Studies Of The Structure-Photostability Relationship Of Organic Conjugated Polymers, Logan Paul Sanow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Organic Conjugated polymers (CPs) are a subject of intense research for their application in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solid-state dye lasing, biological imaging and sensing, chemical sensing and remote sensing. CPs are key materials in the quest for more sustainable forms of renewable energy, making electronics more versatile and light weight, and increasing the functionality of everyday materials. For these applications and others that use CPs as the photoactive material, one of their main drawbacks is their susceptibility to photodegradation. Photodegradation occurs when the material is exposed to light leading to irreversible changes in the materials, …

Chiroptical Ionic Liquids, Benjamin Zercher

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The synthesis and fluorescent analysis of chiral light emitting ionic liquids made from lanthanide-doped chiral amino acid ionic liquids is described in this thesis. The ionic liquids were composed of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) cation with enantiomers of the amino acids valine, proline, and aspartate as anionic counterions. These ionic liquids of varying amino acid composition were doped with europium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) and analyzed by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The sign of the CPL signal corresponded to the handedness of the amino acids in the ionic liquids. Europium triflate concentration dependent CPL in both [TBA][Val] and [TBA][L-Pro] ionic liquids was measured from …

Solvent Free Vanadium Mediated Organic Transformations, Garrett Oberst

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

A mixture of vanadium(V) oxide and copper sulfate was used to catalyze oxidative transformations in a variety of organic compounds. Multiple functionalities were tested, including thiols, amines and alcohols. Various transformations were observed resulting in various oxidized products, including coupling reactions. Reactions were performed in a solvent-free environment due to the insoluble nature of vanadium(V) oxide in common organic solvents. Results were analyzed using HNMR and GCMS.

Modified Synthesis Of Ligands For Lanthanide Ions, Lauren Elizabeth Hopper

Wayne State University Theses

Ligands of relevance to lanthanide ions have been synthesized and modified with respect to pKa and thermal conditions (both microwave and non-microwave). Microwave-assistance has been used previously to accelerate the rates of reactions of ligand syntheses, primarily as a thermal component in agreement with the Arrhenius equation. The modified syntheses of intermediates for lanthanide complexes presented in this thesis enable rapid synthesis of common intermediates—DO2A-methyl ester, DO2A-ethyl ester, and DO2A t-butyl ester—that previously required days to synthesize. Additionally, this modified synthesis can be performed with or without microwave irradiation, suggesting that the thermal component of the rate acceleration is not …

Physical And Electrochemical Area Determination Of Electrodeposited Ni, Co, And Nico Thin Films, Matthew Gira, Kevin Tkacz, Jennifer R. Hampton

Faculty Publications

The surface area of electrodeposited thin films of Ni, Co, and NiCo was evaluated using electrochemical double-layer capacitance, electrochemical area measurements using the [Ru(NH₃)₆]³⁺/[Ru(NH₃)₆]²⁺ redox couple, and topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. These three methods were compared to each other for each composition separately and for the entire set of samples regardless of composition. Double-layer capacitance measurements were found to be positively correlated to the roughness factors determined by AFM topography. Electrochemical area measurements were found to be less correlated with measured roughness factors as well as applicable …

Purin-6-One Derivatives As Phosphodiesterase-2 Inhibitors, Wei Yuan, Xin-Yun Zhao, Xi Chen, Chang-Guo Zhan

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

A series of purin-6-one derivatives were synthesized, and their in vitro inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) was evaluated by using a fluorescence polarization assay. Three compounds, that are, 2j, 2p, and 2q, showed significant inhibitory activity against PDE2 with IC₅₀ values of 1.73, 0.18, and 3.43 μM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the chemical structures of these compounds and their inhibitory activity. Compounds 2j, 2p, and 2q were further selected for molecular docking study. The docking results suggested that these ligands bind with hydrophobic pockets of …

Content Analysis Of The Discussion Of The Atom In General Chemistry Textbooks Using Evaluation Criteria Based On The Nature Of Science And Philosophy Of Chemistry, Armando M. Guidote Jr, Angelo Julian E. Perez, Gilbert U. Yu, Michael Ner E. Mariano

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Evaluation criteria are adapted from previous textbook analyses on the nature of science (NOS) in general chemistry textbooks. These criteria are used to determine how certain NOS dimensions are mentioned and elaborated in those textbooks. Such dimensions emphasize that chemistry is (1) tentative, (2) empirical, (3) model-based, (4) inferential, (5) has technological products, (6) employs instrumentation, and (7) possesses social and societal dimensions. Three book chapters were read and evaluated: the first (on chemistry in general); the second (on atomic structure); and the sixth or seventh chapters (on the electronic structure of atoms). The relevant content in each textbook were …

Identifying Non-Classical Active Sites As A Tool For Enzyme Inhibition, Marisol Serrano

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an endemic life-threatening disease that affects mainly the heart. It remains the leading cause of heart failure in Latin American countries. Since current treatments against this parasite are highly toxic and somewhat ineffective, novel and more efficacious types of interventions are desired. Cruzain, identified as the major cathepsin for T. cruzi, plays a major role in the parasite's life cycle; making this enzyme very attractive for potential trypanocidal drugs discovery. The recombinant cruzain is synthesized as a zymogenic pro-protein (PCZN) which possesses a pro domain and a catalytic domain. In this …

The Characterization Of A Recombinant Virophage Integrase, Martin Christopher Chacon

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Virophages are satellite-like dsDNA viruses that parasitize giant viruses of the family Mimiviridae. Mavirus is the second virophage discovered that associates with its host virus Cafeteria roenbergensis Virus (CroV). When co-infecting their common host cell Cafeteria roenbergensis, a marine zooplankton that is widely spread throughout the oceans, mavirus will inhibit CroV's replication. In addition, mavirus was shown to share high similarities to the Maverick/Polinton eukaryotic DNA transposons. A coding sequence in mavirus genome (MV02) reveals high homology to retroviral integrases such as those found in HIVs. The putative integrase MV02 is predicted to integrate mavirus DNA into the host genome. …

Paper/Polymer Hybrid Microfluidic Biochips For Infectious Disease Diagnosis, Maowei Dou

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Infectious diseases frequently cause public health concerns and they often occur in high-poverty regions. Hence, a simple and low-cost method is in great need for immediate and early diagnosis of infectious diseases. Recently, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip offers a unique opportunity for various biomedical applications. Since different chip substrates have different advantages and limitations, hybrid devices can draw more benefits from different substrates. Therefore, we have developed three paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic biochips integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for high-sensitivity infectious disease diagnosis.

We for the first time developed a low-cost paper/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid microfluidic biochip for rapid, sensitive and instrument-free detection …

Development Of A Luminescent Polymer Sensor Array For The Discrimination Of Carboxylates And Further Improvements In A Solvent Programmable Polymer, William J. Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis summarizes the work performed on two stimuli responsive polymer projects. The first project used a lanthanide based luminescent polymer to create a sensor array for carboxylate analytes. Initial attempts incorporated molecular imprinting as a means to incorporate unique selectivity into the polymer by introducing acetate, benzoate, and phenylacetate as templates prior to polymerization. This process was successful at creating unique sensing elements for the array, but the polymers lacked the specific selectivity typically seen in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Instead, a ligand displacement mechanism that relied on multiple sensors with different labile anion ligands directly complexed with the …

Understanding The Activity Of Model Catalyst Surfaces: Ultrahigh Vacuum And Atmospheric Pressure Studies, Kangmin Xie

Theses and Dissertations

Heterogeneous Catalysis plays an extremely important role in the world. Metal particles supported on oxide supports are the most widely employed heterogeneous catalysts. In order to provide insight into the development of new catalytic materials, a fundamental understanding of surface reactions is required. Vapor-deposited metal clusters on single-crystal surfaces are well-defined systems that can be used to understand the structure-relationships in commercial catalysts. The pressure gap between fundamental surface analysis under ultra-high vacuum (UHV, P~10-10 Torr) conditions and kinetic evaluation of catalysts under realistic pressures has been bridged by constructing a micro-reactor interfaced with UHV chamber: pre- and post-reaction surfaces …

Investigation Of Heavy Metals In Zebrafish Tissue By Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence, Martina Schmeling, E. Jamka, J. Arroyo, K. Niaz, T. Trinh

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Heavy metals are present in the environment, in many consumer products and can be found in food. Some heavy metals like zinc and copper are essential for enzymatic and metabolic function while others like lead and mercury are toxic and interfere with biological pathways. Zebrafish are a very popular model organism for monitoring toxicity of heavy metals and investigating vertebrate development. In this study we explore the possibility of using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to analyze histological sections of zebrafish embryos after exposure to nickel and lead. A methacrylate resin embedding protocol and a paraffin embedding protocol were evaluated …