Chemistry Commons^™

Synthesis, Structural Variations And Trends In The Properties Of Unique Dinuclear And Polynuclear Complexes Of Bis(Pyrazolyl)Methane Ligands In Solid State And Solution, Andrea Eva Pascui

Theses and Dissertations

The semi-rigid ligands, p-[CH(pz)₂]₂C₆H₄, L_p, m-[CH(pz)₂]₂C₆H₂, L_m, and m-[CH(3,5-Me₂pz)₂]₂C₆H₄, L_m* (pz = pyrazolyl ring), link two bis(pyrazolyl)methane units into a single molecule by a rigid phenylene spacer and are used to study the structural variations and magnetic interactions in self-assembled first row, divalent transition metal complexes in polymeric, dinuclear and dinuclear metallacyclic settings. The formation of these architectures highly depend on the geometry of these ligands: anti, the …

Characterization Of Complexes Of 2,2-Cis [Rh2(N{C6h5}Coch3)4] With Nitriles., Megan Ketron

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Complexes of 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4] bound to benzonitrile, ortho-tolunitrile, and meta-tolunitrile were synthesized and characterized using X-ray crystallography, IR spectroscopy, and proton NMR. The crystal structures of 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4]•2NCC6H5, 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4]•2NC{2-CH3}C6H4, and 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4]•2NC{3-CH3}C6H4 were solved using a Rigaku Mercury375R/M CCD XtaLab Mini Diffractometer. The 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4]•2NCC6H5 complex had unit cell dimensions of a=10.2115(7) Å, b=9.9667(7) Å, c=21.367(2) Å, and β=100.971(7)° with a P21/n space group. The 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4]•2NC{2-CH3}C6H4 complex had unit cell dimensions of a=10.3625(8) Å, b=10.0489(7) Å, c=21.611(2) Å, and β=100.868(7)° with a P21/n space group. The 2,2-cis [Rh2(N{C6H5}COCH3)4]•2NC{3-CH3}C6H4 complex had unit cell dimensions of a=10.849(3) Å, b=11.530(3) Å, …

Glycosyl Thiocarbamates As New Building Blocks For Chemical Glycosylation, Sneha Chandrashekhar Ranade

Dissertations

Having multiple functions in biological systems e.g. fertilization, blood group determination, cell growth; carbohydrates have remained attractive subjects for the study. They are also involved in various life threatening biological processes, such as viral and bacterial infections, tumor development, etc. Understanding of these involvements/interactions of carbohydrates in such critical processes is essential for the development of carbohydrate based vaccines and therapeutics. Although carbohydrates are present abundantly in nature, their isolation is cumbersome and low yielding, which is why, the synthesis of carbohydrate units has been of interest to many scientists. Efforts have been made to make these synthetic methods more …

Characterization And Reaction Of An Analog Of The Anticancer Drug Oxaliplatin, Jonathan D. Hendrie

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Oxaliplatin is an anticancer drug that reacts with DNA, RNA, and proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Our research focuses on synthesizing analogs of oxaliplatin and understanding how bulky ligand groups affect reaction with amino acids. (R,R)-N,N’-dimethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) oxalate or Pt(Me2dach)(ox) varies from oxaliplatin or Pt(dach)(ox) in that it has one methyl group attached to each platinum coordinated nitrogen. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has shown that the reactions of N-Acetylmethionine (N-AcMet) with Pt(Me2dach)(ox) and Pt(dach)(ox) proceed at similar rates suggesting that the methyl groups of Pt(Me2dach)(ox) have little effect on the initial reaction. Whereas the reaction of Pt(dach)(ox) …

Mechanistic Studies Of Bimolecular Electron Transfer Self-Exchange Rates Of Ruthenium Ammine Pyridyl Complexes Measured By Nmr Line Broadening Techniques, Yishun Qin

Master's Theses

The electron transfer (ET) self-exchange rates on a series of complexes of (NH₃)₅Ru^II/III L^2+/3+ in D₂O (where L is a substituted pyridyl ligand) were investigated by dynamic NMR measurements. Significant rate enhancement was observed for the cases of L = 3-phenylpyridine and 4-phenylpridine due to possible π-π stacking between Phpy ligands. These observations matche well with recent stopped-flow work by Mehmood on a similar set of related pseudo-self exchange reactions. Kinetics of the (NH₃)₅Ru^II/III (3-trifluoromethylpyridine)^2+/3+ self-exchange reactions with addition of various simple/complex salts and hexacyano salts …

Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Of High Surface Area, Mesoporous, Stabilized Anatase Tio2 Catalyst Supports, Rebecca Elizabeth Olsen

Theses and Dissertations

Nanomaterials have attracted substantial attention in the area of catalysis due to the unique properties they exhibit such as high surface areas, intricate pore networks and unique morphologies. TiO2 has attracted attention as a catalyst since the discovery of its high photocatalytic activity by Fuishima and Honda in 1972. Given its high thermal stability, low cost, low environmental impact, and versatility, TiO2 is a widely used commercial catalyst and catalyst support. TiO2 is used in many applications such as photocatalysis is also an excellent support material for noble metals in a number of oxidative synthesis and pollution-control reactions. Though TiO2 …

Real Time Monitoring Of Surface Chemical Events By Streaming Potentials In Microfluidic Channels, Kenji Nokura

Theses and Dissertations

Zeta potential is one of the tools to measure the surface charge of materials, and Alvarez et al. have developed a microchannel device to measure zeta potentials in real time for label-free sensing using immobilized receptors on microchannel surfaces. However, the challenge has been the charge interference of surface modifiers on analyte detection. Therefore, it was necessary to find the best strategy to regenerate minimal surface charge after modifying the channel with polymer films that would anchor the affinity groups for the analyte. It was demonstrated that adsorption of positively and negatively charged analytes were monitored via real time zeta …

Nonlinear Spectroscopic Investigation Of Adsorption To C-18 Model Stationary Phase, Anthony D. Peterson

Theses and Dissertations

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is a commonly used separation technique in chemistry. Nevertheless, the mechanistic interactions at the molecular level among the eluent, analyte, and the stationary phase are not fully understood. Because of this limited understanding, optimization of the separation must be done experimentally. Learning more about molecular interactions should aid in improving separations. We are currently using second-harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy to investigate how analytes adsorb to the surface. SHG is a spectroscopic technique that produces signal only at places of non-isotropic symmetry; this typically occurs at surfaces. SHG can be used to produce surface isotherms of test …

Fluorination Of Aromatic Ring Systems, Stephen G. Dimagno

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

This disclosure relates to reagents and methods useful in the synthesis of aryl fluorides, for example, in the preparation of ¹⁸F labeled radiotracers. The reagents and methods provided herein may be used to access a broad range of compounds, including aromatic compounds, heteroaromatic compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, and synthetic compounds.

Synthesis, Characterization, And Functionalization Of Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles For Enhanced Biological Applications, Christopher Warren

Theses and Dissertations

The transition metal ferrites of composition MFe2O4 where M is Fe, Co, or Ni are well established materials for various biological applications due to their interesting magnetic properties. Their elemental and stochiometric composition can be easily manipulated which allows further tuning of their ferrimagnetic properties. By changing the identity of M and by changing the crystallite size of the ferrites, nanocrystals with diverse magnetic properties can be systematically produced. Furthermore, ferrites are more stable in diverse chemical environments, as compared to metallic nanoparticles, which make ferrites particularly useful for a broad range of biomedical applications, especially in the field of …

Halogenation Effects In Intramolecular Furan Diels-Alder Reactions: Broad Scope Synthetic And Computational Studies, Robert L. Rae, Justyna M. Zurek, Martin J. Paterson, Magnus Bebbington

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

For the first time a comprehensive synthetic and computational study of the effect of halogen substitution on both furan and dienophile for the intramolecular Furan Diels-Alder (IMDAF) reaction has been undertaken. Contrary to our initial expectations, halogen substitution on the dienophile was found to have a significant effect, making the reactions slower and less thermodynamically favourable. However, careful choice of the site of furan halogenation could be used to overcome dienophile halogen substitution, leading to highly functionalised cycloadducts. These reactions are thought to be controlled by the interplay of three factors: positive charge stabilisation in the transition state and product, …

When All Seems Lost: A Discussion On The Implications Of Using Medicine For Scientific Advances, Rebecca Monterusso

Honors Theses

When All is Lost is a creative non-fiction piece following the lives of two fictional characters living during World War" and the Holocaust. It is meant to discuss the moral quandary when human experimentation is used for the purpose of scientific advancement. The two main characters lives' are depicted in a series of modified scenes that describe what happens to them throughout the war. Leo Weinstock is a Jewish man who is chosen for the high-altitude experiments at Dachau after he is imprisoned during Kristallnacht. Erich, on the other hand, is a young, successful Luftwaffe pilot defending his country. Both …

Effect Of Embedded Pd Microstructures On The Flat-Band-Voltage Operation Of Room Temperature Zno-Based Liquid Petroleum Gas Sensors, Ghusoon M. Ali, Cody V. Thompson, Ali K. Jasim, Isam M. Abdulbaki, James C. Moore

Chemistry

Three methods were used to fabricate ZnO-based room temperature liquid petroleum gas (LPG) sensors having interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structures. Specifically, devices with Pd Schottky contacts were fabricated with: (1) un-doped ZnO active layers; (2) Pd-doped ZnO active layers; and (3) un-doped ZnO layers on top of Pd microstructure arrays. All ZnO films were grown on p-type Si(111) substrates by the sol-gel method. For devices incorporating a microstructure array, Pd islands were first grown on the substrate by thermal evaporation using a 100 μm mesh shadow mask. We have estimated the sensitivity of the sensors for applied voltage from -5 to …

Lack Of Rnase L Attenuates Macrophage Functions, Xin Yi, Chun Zeng, Hongli Liu, Xiaoli Chen, Ping Zhang, Boo Seok Yun, Ge Jin, Aimin Zhou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Background: Macrophages are one of the major cell types in innate immunity against microbial infection. It is believed that the expression of proinflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL–6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) by macrophages is also crucial for activation of both innate and adaptive immunities. RNase L is an interferon (IFN) inducible enzyme which is highly expressed in macrophages. It has been demonstrated that RNase L regulates the expression of certain inflammatory genes. However, its role in macrophage function is largely unknown. Methodology: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were generated from RNase L+/+and −/− mice. The migration …

The Design And Synthesis Of Magnetic Nanocomposites, Daniel Hudgins

Theses and Dissertations

Magnetism lies at the core of modern technology and can be found in industries such as oil refining, automotive, telecommunications, personal electronics, and power generation that are integral to our day to day lives. This permeation into everyday life has been enhanced in the past several decades with improvements in material design based upon the principles of nanotechnology leading to smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. The presented research will discuss the synthesis and processing of multiple magnetic nanoparticle structures designed for the enhancement of various, application specific, properties. In the first experiments a tunable core/shell structure was developed with …

Formation And Analysis Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles And Zinc Oxide Hexagonal Prisms And Optical Analysis Of Cadmium Selenide Nanoparticles, Jared M. Hancock

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, methods to synthesize ZnO are reported. First, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized with small amounts of transition metal ions to create materials called dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS). We employed a low temperature sol-gel method that produces ZnO nanoparticles of reproducible size and incorporates cobalt, nickel, and manganese ions into the nanoparticles. Conditions were controlled such that a range of amounts of Co, Ni, and Mn were incorporated. The incorporation was tracked by color changes in the white ZnO powder to blue for Co, green for Ni and yellow for Mn. XRD measurements showed the nanoparticles were on …

Zinc Environment In Proteins: The Flexible And Reactive Core Of Hiv-1 Ncp7 And The Inhibitory Site Of Caspase-3, A. Gerard Daniel

Theses and Dissertations

Zinc is an essential cofactor of several proteins. The roles of zinc in these proteins are classified as catalytic, structural or regulatory. Zinc present in structural sites is considered to be a chemically inert, static structural element. On the contrary, previous studies on a C2H2 type zinc finger model compound and the C3H type HIV-1 NCp7 C-terminal zinc knuckle have shown that zinc at these sites can undergo coordination sphere expansion under the influence of a Pt based electrophile. The pentacoordination observed around zinc in these experiments raises an important question: are the structural zinc motifs found in the proteins …

Identification Of Disulfide Bond Formation Between Mitoneet And Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1, Morgan E. Roberts, Jacquelyn P. Crail, Megan M. Laffoon, William G. Fernandez, Michael A. Menze, Mary E. Konkle

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

MitoNEET is a protein that was identified as a drug target for diabetes, but its cellular function as well as its role in diabetes remains elusive. Protein pull-down experiments identified glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) as a potential binding partner. GDH1 is a key metabolic enzyme with emerging roles in insulin regulation. MitoNEET forms a covalent complex with GDH1 through disulfide bond formation and acts as an activator. Proteomic analysis identified the specific cysteine residues that participate in the disulfide bond. This is the first report that effectively links mitoNEET to activation of the insulin regulator GDH1.

Effects Of Sequence Context On The Binding Of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides By The Cucurbit[8]Uril-Methyl Viologen Complex, Omar A. Ali, Eric M. Olson, Adam R. Urbach

Chemistry Faculty Research

This paper describes a novel assay for measuring the relative extent of peptide binding in a large parallel format and the use of this assay to explore the effects of sequence context on the binding of tryptophan (Trp)-containing peptides by the synthetic receptor comprising the noncovalent complex between cucurbit[8]uril and methyl viologen (i.e. Q8√MV). The extent of quenching of Trp fluorescence upon binding to Q8√MV was used to measure the relative extent of binding and thus the relative affinities of 104 Trp-containing peptides, in parallel, using a fluorescence plate reader. This study resulted in the remarkable observation that the identity …

Ua66 Ogden College Of Science & Engineering Newsletter, Cheryl Stevens, Dean

Ogden College of Science & Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

Solar Energy Conversion And Control Using Organic Photovoltaic Cells, Kurt Wade Woods

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are advanced, newly emerging technologies that are lightweight, mechanically flexible devices with highthroughput processes from low cost material in a variety of colors. Rathnayake et al. of Western Kentucky University have developed a nanostructure-based OPV cell. Presented in this thesis is a model and simulation of a generalized PV powered system that can predict the performance of solar arrays in various environmental conditions. The simulation has been carried out in Matlab/Simulink, and upon entering the cell’s parameters, it provides key electrical characteristics such as the cell’s I-V curve and efficiency information. The total system that is …

Identification Of Disufide Bond Formation Between Mitoneet And Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1, Morgan E. Roberts, Jacquelyn P. Crail, Megan M. Laffoon, William G. Fernandez, Michael A. Menze, Mary E. Konkle

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

MitoNEET is a protein that was identified as a drug target for diabetes, but its cellular function as well as its role in diabetes remains elusive. Protein pull-down experiments identified glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) as a potential binding partner. GDH1 is a key metabolic enzyme with emerging roles in insulin regulation. MitoNEET forms a covalent complex with GDH1 through disulfide bond formation and acts as an activator. Proteomic analysis identified the specific cysteine residues that participate in the disulfide bond. This is the first report that effectively links mitoNEET to activation of the insulin regulator GDH1.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Manganese Pyridazyl Complexes, Sana Shah

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Heterocyclic’s and their fused-ring derivatives have been of interest for their use in electronic materials due to their ease of production, synthetic versatility, and low cost compared to traditional inorganic materials like silicon. Pyridazines have been found to be useful in catalysis gas storage, polymeric sensors and biological mimetics. When a transition-metal is fused into a synthesized pyridazine, unique properties such as conductivity and optics are allowed. In this work, synthesized pyridazine complexes will be analyzed by mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, imaging, x-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. We are interested in synthesizing organometallic pyridazines and manganese pyridazyl …

Interactive Wireless Sensor For Remote Trace Detection And Recognition Of Hazardous Gases, Audrey Lama

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The interactive wireless sensor detects many hazardous gases such as Hexane, Propane, Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen. These gases are highly toxic and used in different kinds of manufacturing industries, domestic purpose and so on. So, building a sensor that can detect this kind of gases can save the environment; prevent the potential for explosion, and endangering human life. In long term, interactive wireless sensor can also prevent the financial losses that might occur due to the hazardous incident that might occur due to these toxic gases.

Hexane is a colorless, strong gas which inhaled in significant amounts by a person …

Molecular Level Interaction Of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 (Hfgf-1) With Phloridzin, Rammohan Paripelly

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of growth factors which includes twenty three proteins. FGFs work as modulators for various cellular activities like mitosis, differentiation and survival. Among the FGF family, human fibroblast growth factor-1 (hFGF-1), which is also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent angiogenic agent, involved in the formation of new blood vessels in various tissues. hFGF-1 is regarded as a prototype of the FGF family. It serves as one of the potential targets in tumor inhibition and obesity due to its involvement in new blood vessel formation in cancerous regions and adipose tissues. …

Biological Compatibility And Cytotoxicity Studies Of Hepa-1c1c7, Hepg2, And Mcf-7 Cancer Cell Lines Upon Exposure To Silver, Palladium, And Gold Nanoparticles, M. Esther Salinas

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The field of nanomedicine has recently explored potential applications for cancer treatment ranging from drug delivery methods to cancer imaging techniques. Due to potential risks of nanomaterials affecting non-cancerous cells in the body, in vitro toxicity studies are being conducted. The nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from potassium tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate, potassium tetrabromoaurate (III) dihydrate, potassium tetrachloropalladate (II), and silver nitrate. NPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method or through the sodium borohydride reduction. Particles synthesized using sodium borohydride were stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The NPs under investigation were used to treat three cancer cell lines. The treated cells were …

Oxidation Of Dibenzothiophene To Dibenzothiophene Sulfone Using Tungsten (Vi) Oxide, Alejandrina Rivera

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) to dibenzothiophene-sulfone has been considered as an alternate method to remove sulfur from crude oil. This study demonstrates that the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of DBT to DBT-sulfone occurs using WO3 as a catalyst. WO3 was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction to determine the phase of WO3. Each reaction was refluxed and run for four hours using WO3 as a catalyst, dibenzothiphene, and four different solvents: decahydronapthalene, n-dodecane, decalin, and dodecane. The reactions were performed at temperatures ranging from 120 oC to 150 oC. Aliquots were taken at 30 minutes for up to four hours …

Ferritin-Based Photo-Oxidation Of Biomass For Nanoparticle Synthesis, Bioremediation, And Hydrogen Evolution, Oscar Petrucci

Theses and Dissertations

The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. It is an amazing machine capable of self-replicating, growing, and synthesizing and shuttling thousands of compounds. To perform all of these activities the cell needs energy. The original source of energy for all living beings is the Sun. The energy of the sun is collected by the autotrophs (mostly plants) through photosynthesis and stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates and lipids through carboxylic acid intermediates; animals use these compounds to obtain the energy for their cells. Most of the energy extracted by the cell comes from the citric acid …

Synthesis And Structures Of New Three-Dimensional Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks, Nitin Kumar Pally

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with metal ions covalently bonded to organic ligands. The ligands act as spacers often creating a porous structure with very high pore volume and surface area. MOFs are known for their robust structures, high porosity, and different chemical functionalities and are considered for applications in adsorptions, separations, catalysis and gas storage. This work focuses on the synthesis of new MOFs using copper compounds. Different types of carboxylate ligands were used for the synthesis. Two new copper-organic frameworks, [Cu₃(pyz)(btc)] (1), and [(Cu₃(btc))•xH₂O] (2) (btc= benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, pyz= pyrazine) have been …

Formulation Development Of A Polymer-Drug Matrix With A Controlled Release Profile For The Treatment Of Glaucoma, Eric W. Tsoi

Master's Theses

Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in the United States accounting for 9-12% of all cases of blindness. Currently, the front line treatment for glaucoma are prostaglandins that may have to be taken up to several times a day. Even with proper treatment, roughly 11% of the patients using the treatment are non-compliant and lose their vision. In this project, ForSight Laboratories has developed a pharmaceutical drug delivering implant with the capability of sustaining long-term release of a prostaglandin as a new way to treat the condition. This project reports the product development of a polymer drug matrix with …