Chemistry Commons^™

The Application Of Raman Spectroscopy As A Confirmatory Blood Test In The Presence Of Sodium Hypochlorite Cleaners In In Comparison With Presumptive Blood Tests, Aliea Anoshaa Afnan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Popular presumptive tests for blood include: Luminol, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), leucomalachite green (LMG), phenolphthalein, and Hemastix® [3]. These presumptive tests have been reviewed with respect to their sensitivity, specificity, and DNA degradation. In this study, the aforementioned presumptive tests were subjected to bloodstains deposited on cotton contaminated with all-purpose bleach and compared with Raman spectroscopy as an application of a confirmatory blood test. Samples were tested for interference with the all-purpose bleach to determine the selectivity of the presumptive tests. Tetramethylbenzidine, leucomalachite green, and phenolphthalein all yielded inconclusive results when applied to a contaminated sample. Luminol and Hemastix® yielded a positive …

Amyloid Fibril Polymorphism : Structure, Supramolecular Chiraliy And Spontaneous Interconversion, Dzmitry Kurouski

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Specific protein aggregation has been linked to more than 25 severe human maladies including prion, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. These important malfunctions are often referred to as 'conformational' disorders and result from the conversion of a normal isoform of a protein into a specific b-sheet rich polymeric amyloid form. This work elaborates a comprehensive characterization of amyloids and dedicated to the investigation of the fibril polymorphism using advanced microscopic tools, such as Atomic Force and Scanning Electron microcopies, together with several vibrational spectroscopy techniques, such as Raman, Infrared and Vibrational Circular Dichroism. A new type of protein folding-aggregation phenomenon, spontaneous …

Iron(Iii) Tosylate Catalyzed Acylation Of Alcohols, Phenols, And Aldehydes, Ram Mohan, Neil Baldwin, Anna Nord, Brendan O’Donnell

Scholarship

Iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) is an efficient catalyst for acetylation of alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes. The acetylation of 1° and 2° alcohols, diols, and phenols proceeded smoothly with 2.0 mol % of catalyst. However, the reaction worked well with only a few 3° alcohols. The methodology was also applicable to the synthesis of a few benzoate esters but required the use of 5.0 mol % catalyst. Aldehydes could also be converted into the corresponding 1,1-diesters (acylals) under the reaction conditions. Iron(III) tosylate is an inexpensive, and easy to handle, commercially available catalyst.

A Discovery-Oriented Approach To Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, Brian Brennan, Matthew Bockman, Christopher Miedema

Scholarship

In this discovery-oriented laboratory experiment, students use solid-phase synthesis techniques to construct a dipeptide containing an unknown amino acid. Following synthesis and cleavage from the polymeric support, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry is employed to identify the unknown amino acid that was used in the peptide coupling. This experiment, performed in two, 3-h laboratory periods, provides an opportunity for students to learn the technique of solid-phase peptide synthesis and to critically evaluate data that they generate in the laboratory. The experiment is suitable for second-semester organic chemistry students as they learn methods for the formation of amide bonds or upper-level biochemistry students …

Optimization And Development Of In Vitro Bioassays To Determine Structure-Activity Relationships For Cannabinoid Receptor 1 And Cannabinoid Receptor 2, Afeef Husni

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cannabis has been around for thousands of years and has been used recreationally, medicinally, and for fiber. Over 400 compounds have been isolated from Cannabis sativa with approximately 100 being cannabinoids. Of those 100 compounds, Δ9-THC has been determined as the primary constituent, which is also responsible for the psychoactivity associated with Cannabis. Along with Δ9-THC, cannabidiol has been studied in depth for its therapeutic effects. This has currently been the focus of many researchers since cannabidiol does not cause psychotropic effects.

Cannabinoid receptors belong to the large superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Approximately 30% of marketed drugs target …

Product Angular Distributions In The Ultraviolet Photodissociation Of N2O, George C. Mcbane, Reinhard Schinke

Peer Reviewed Articles

The angular distribution of products from the ultraviolet photodissociation of nitrous oxide yielding O(1D) and N₂(X¹ ∑_g⁺ ) was investigated using classical trajectory calculations. The calculations modeled absorption only to the 2¹Aꞌ electronic state but used surface-hopping techniques to model nonadiabatic transitions to the ground electronic state late in the dissociation. Observed values of the anisotropy parameter β, which decrease as the product N₂ rotational quantum number j increases, could be well reproduced. The relatively low observed β values arise principally from nonaxial recoil due to the very strong bending forces …

Elemental And Isotopic Analysis Of Sediments From Oxbow Lakes In The Mississippi Delta, Pragya Chakravarty

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nickel Complexes With Relevance To Nickel Acireductone Dioxygenase And Nickel Superoxide Dismutase, Margo Nicole Montgomery

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research presents an investigation of synthetic model complexes with relevance to the active site of Ni(II) acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) and Ni(II) superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD). Acireductone dioxygenases (ARDs) are a unique set of enzymes found in the methionine salvage pathway that catalyze the oxidation reaction of acireductone (1, 2-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5-(methylthio)pent-1-ene). These enzymes share a compolypeptide sequence but bind different metal ions, Ni2+ or Fe2+, at the active site. The Ni-ARD enzyme is responsible for the off pathway shunt in the pathway. Using the tridentate nitrogen donor ligands hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) and the newly developed tris(1, 2-dimethyl-4-imadozyl)carbinol, (4-TICMe, Me) several reactions involving the …

Theoretical And Spectroscopic Studies Of Molecular Systems For Charge Transfer And Energy Storage And Transfer, Debra Scardino

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Efficient charge transfer and energy storage and transfer have become increasingly important in many areas of research and development. This is especially true for the development of optoelectronic devices, molecular electronics, and solar voltaic cells. Characterization of the photophysical properties of new molecular systems for these applications has emerged as an important field of research. Many molecular building blocks have been developed and understanding the properties of these systems at a fundamental level is essential for their successful implementation. This dissertation focuses on experimental and theoretical studies of some of these newly-developed molecular systems. Oxygen substituted dihydrobenzvalene is studied theoretically …

On The Nature Of Weak Intermolecular Forces: A First Principles Approach To Hydrogen Bonding And Pi-Type Interactions, Kari Lorene Copeland

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Computational quantum chemistry is a branch of chemistry that is based on quantum mechanics. In this field, chemical phenomena is represented in mathematical form and computers are used to provide numerical solutions to rigorous mathematical equations. Through this medium, the properties of atoms and molecules are calculated with high accuracy. Chapter 1 opens with a general discussion of science, the development of atomic theory and computational chemistry. Electronic structure theory is more extensively reviein Chapter 2. Hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces are defined in Chapter 3, and the procedures used to computationally study these type interactions are considered. Chapter 4 …

Preparation And Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation Of Some Quinoline Derivatives Containing An Azole Nucleus, Muhammet Özyanik, Serpi̇l Demi̇rci̇, Hakan Bektaş, Nesli̇han Demi̇rbaş, Ahmet Demi̇rbaş, Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Quinoline-2-carbohydrazide (2) obtained from quinaldic acid (1) was converted to the corresponding carbothioamide 3 and carboxamide 6 by treatment with benzyliso(thio)cyanate. The basic treatment of 3 and 6 yielded the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 4 and 7. The synthesis of 5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-thiol (9) was performed from the reaction of 1 with CS_2 in basic media. The Mannich reaction of compounds 4, 7, and 9 resulted in the formation of aminoalkylated derivatives 5a-c, 8, and 10a,b. The condensation of 1 with thiosemicarbazide, carbohydrazide, or thiocarbohydrazide gave the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (11-13). The treatment of 4-amino-5-(quinolin-2-yl)- 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (13) with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide caused the …

Investigating The Glutamine-Trna (Glutamine) Synthesis Appartus Of The Human Pathogen Helicobacter Pylori, Nilesh Joshi

Wayne State University Theses

INVESTIGATING THE GLUTAMINE-TRNA (GLUTAMINE) SYNTHESIS APPARTUS OF THE HUMAN PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI

by

NILESH JOSHI

August 2012

Advisor: Tamara L. Hendrickson

Major: Chemistry

Degree: Master of Science

Accurate protein biosynthesis is a vital process to all cellular life. Aminoacyl-tRNAs are at the heart of this process: A correctly formed aminoacyl-tRNA is critical for protein biosynthesis. Organisms have evolved many mechanisms to repair misacylated tRNAs before they cause errors in protein biosynthesis, thus maintaining the integrity of the genetic code. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) synthesizes Glu-tRNAGln as an intermediate to producing Gln-tRNAGln. This misacylated intermediate could cause lethal …

Computational Methods For The Differential Profiling Of Triacylglycerols Using Rp-Hplc/Apci-Ms, Margaret Holbrook Broadwater

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Reversed phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/APCI-MS) was employed for the analysis of natural mixtures of triacylglycerols. An integrated framework for data analysis, including preprocessing, statistical analysis and automated structure identification, was implemented in the R statistical program. Raw data stored as mzXML, mzData, or mzXML files are preprocessed using a series of steps for peak detection, chromatographic alignment, and normalization. Targeted and non-targeted feature selection steps are employed to filter the data for features that are relevant and informative for a particular biological question. Triacylglycerol structures are identified by evaluating relationships between the diacylglycerol …

Analysis Of Bisphenol A (Bpa) In Local Waters And In Pvc Pond Liner, Brandon Bills

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Concentrations of the endocrine disrupter bisphenol A (BPA) were determined for three water samples from the watershed of Charleston, IL, USA. The analytical approach employed solid phase extraction in conjunction with GC/MS-SIM analysis and yielded a limit of detection of 30 ppt (parts per trillion). The local waterways Town Branch. Cassel Creek and Embarras River showed concentrations of 58(11) ppt, 89(3) ppt, and 32(9) ppt respectively. Additional measurements of BPA availability from aqueous laboratory extractions of a commercial PVC pond liner have been initiated. Preliminary results indicate significant BPA release from the pond liner, dependent upon extraction conditions.

Organic Photovoltaics: A Charge Transfer Perspective In The Study Of Donor-Acceptor Pairs, Marco Olguin

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The present research involves the study of donor-acceptor (D/A) dyad complexes from a charge transfer energy perspective. The aim is to provide insight and predictive understanding into the charge transfer processes of the molecular-level components in donor-acceptor based organic solar cells using computational methods to describe photochemical processes at the quantum mechanical level within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approximation. Predictive understanding is anchored in reproducing experimental results, wherein the present work a perturbative excited-state DFT method is described in detail and shown to give CT energies in excellent agreement with benchmark experimental data. With an accurate excited state method …

Metal Catalyzed Activation Of E-H Bonds, E = Si, Ge, Sn, Renzo Nelson Arias Ugarte

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The present project covers the use of complexes of the type: (C5H5)M(CO)nLMe, (M = Fe, n = 1; L = CO, Ph3P; M = Mo, n = 2; L = CO, Ph3P); M(CO)6, (M = Cr, Mo, W) and M(CO)5NMe3 as catalysts for the activation of E-H bonds (E = Si, Ge and Sn). The work is divided in three sections; the first two involves dehydrogenation and the last one amide reduction.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Encapsulation In Liposomes: A Potential Delivery Platform To (Nitric Oxide)-Deficient Targets, Reshani H. Perera, Pubudu M. Peiris, Serban F. Peteu, Mekki Bayachou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Nitric oxide (NO) is a freely diffusible, gaseous free radical, associated with many physiological and pathological processes: such as neuronal signaling, immune response and inflammatory response. In mammalian organisms, NO is produced from L-arginine in an NADPH-dependent reaction catalyzed by a family of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Typically, large NO fluctuations in biological systems under/over a critical limit is associated with problems that range from transient dysfunctions to severe chronic disease states. In this regard, we explore the development of a potential delivery and release method of nitric oxide to NO-deficient sites using liposomes as vehicles. Liposomes have already …

Making Bread From Air: The World's Most Important Chemical Synthesis, Kurt W. Kolasinski

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Acetylcholine Esterase Activity And Muscle Contraction In The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus (Lamarck) Following Chronic Phosphate Exposure, S. Anne Boettger, James B. Mcclintock

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Iron Molybdenum Cofactor: Catalyst In Dihydrogen Production And Nifen's Role In The Femo-Co Biosynthetic Pathway, Deborah Bolin Maxwell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Humankind’s tremendous industrial and technological progress over the last two centuries has been driven by the natural abundance and availability of fossil fuels. As those reserves deplete, the prudent course of action would be to develop other readily available fuel sources. Some research efforts using biomolecules involve the hydrogenases and nitrogenases with the goal of evolving dihydrogen. At the nitrogenase active site, the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen and protons to form ammonia and dihydrogen. Toward the goal of producing dihydrogen passively as an alternative fuel, a novel advanced material has been developed. CdSe nanoparticles complexed with …

An Exhibit Wordle, Allison Marsh

Handouts

No abstract provided.

A Crossword Puzzle For Kids, Allison Marsh

Handouts

No abstract provided.

Word Find, Allison Marsh

Handouts

No abstract provided.

Images From The Exhibit, Page 1, Allison Marsh

Handouts

No abstract provided.

Lesson Plans, Activities, And Further Reading, Allison Marsh

Handouts

No abstract provided.

Usc Image Center, Allison Marsh

Section 1: Introduction

No abstract provided.

Powers Of Ten, Allison Marsh

Section 1: Introduction

No abstract provided.

Imaging In 3-D, Allison Marsh

Section 1: Introduction

No abstract provided.

Questioning Images, Allison Marsh

Section 1: Introduction

No abstract provided.

Title Panel, Allison Marsh

Section 1: Introduction

No abstract provided.