Chemistry Commons^™

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Pradipkumar Koshiya

All Capstone Projects

Folate-targeted dyes have been used for the detection of tumor tissue and isolated cancer cells in both the animal tumor models as well as in human cancer patients. Folate receptors (FR) are abundantly present on several cancerous cell types but they are found less in normal human cells. There are several imaging agents that can be linked with folic acid and used for the detection of tumor. These imaging agents could be protein toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy vectors, oligonucleotides, radioimaging agents, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and liposomes with entrapped drugs, radiotherapeutic agents and/or immunotherapeutic agents. This research showed …

Determination Of Protein Using Microdrop Assay, Hardik Khared

All Capstone Projects

After purification of protein, it is important to know the concentration of protein in our samples. Concentration or amount of protein in the sample is determined by different assay as BCA (bicinchoninic acid) Assay, Bradford Assay, and Lowery Assay. There are different methods available to perform these assays, which have some limitations, restrictions, advantages and disadvantages. These methods require large amounts of costly reagents, proteins and most importantly, valuable time. To overcome these problems a new method is developed called Microdrop Protein Analysis. This new method required a very small amount of reagents and protein mixtures (2-5 µʅ volume) and …

Evaluation And In Vitro Studies Of Folate-Peg-Biotin, Kuldeep Reddy Vanga

All Capstone Projects

Folate receptor is a membrane bound protein which is highly expressed by cancer cells and macrophages. Folic acid is required for the normal growth of cells and it has been found that rapidly growing cancer cells require high levels of folic acid. Folic acid binds to folate receptors and through receptor mediated transport folate enters cells. This property has been used to synthesize a probe using folate as ligand through polyethylene glycol-Biotin linker. This can be used to attach a drug which is ultimately delivered at the site of infectious cells. The study involved here was to determine how folate …

Bioinformatics, Thermodynamics And Kinetics Analysis Of An All Alpha Helical Protein With A Gree-Key Topology, Hai Li

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Computational and experimental studies focusing on the role of conserved residues for folding and stability is an active and promising area of research. To further expand our understanding we present the results of a bioinformatics analysis of the death domain superfamily. The death domain superfamily fold consists of six α-helices arranged in a Greek-key topology, which is shared by the all β-sheet immunoglobulin and mixed α/β-plait superfamilies. Our sequence and structural studies have identified a group of conserved hydrophobic residues and corresponding long-range interactions, which we propose are important in the formation and stabilization of the hydrophobic core and native …

Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Generate Distinct Low-Molecular Weight Amyloid-Β (Aβ42) Oligomers Along Pathway Different From Fibril Formation, Amit Kumar, Rebekah L. Bullard, Pritesh Patel, Lea C. Paslay, Dipti Singh, Ewa A. Bienkiewicz, Sarah E. Morgan, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari

Faculty Publications

Amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide aggregation is known to play a central role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among various aggregates, low-molecular weight soluble oligomers of A beta are increasingly believed to be the primary neurotoxic agents responsible for memory impairment. Anionic interfaces are known to influence the A beta aggregation process significantly. Here, we report the effects of interfaces formed by medium-chain (C9-C12), saturated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) on A beta 42 aggregation. NEFAs uniquely affected A beta 42 aggregation rates that depended on both the ratio of A beta:NEFA as well the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of …

Benchmarking The Pharmaceutical Industry: A Briefing On An Irish Research Study, Nuala Calnan (Editor)

Conference Papers

This paper presents an Irish research study currently being undertaken by the Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science Team at the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) into the impact of new pharmaceutical regulatory guidance on the development and manufacture of medicinal drug products.

It launches a Pharmaceutical Industry Benchmarking Questionnaire designed to assess the impact and level of implementation of the ICH Tripartite Quality Guidance Q8, Q9 and Q10.

Poly[Aqua(L-Vinylphosphonato)- Cadmium], Douglas Andrew Knight, Laura K. Byington Congiardo, Joel T. Mague, Aaron R. Funk, Ria A. Yngard

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

The title compound, [Cd(C 2H 3O 3P)(H 2O)] n, was obtained from vinyl-phospho-nic acid and cadmium nitrate. The vinyl groups project into the inter-lamellar space and the structure is held together via van der Waals forces. The Cd 2+ ion is six-coordinate and the geometry is best described as distorted octa-hedral, with O - Cd - O angles falling within the range 61.72 (13)-101.82 (14)°. Five of the coordinated oxygen atoms originate from the phospho-nate group and the sixth from a bound water molecule. Cd - O distances lie between 2.220 (3) and 2.394 (2) Å. The water molecule is …

Detection Of Folate Receptor From Fr+ Cancer Cells, Darpan Patel

All Capstone Projects

The aim was to detect cancer cells by using folate–PEG-Biotin probe with fluorescently labeled streptavidin for targeted drug delivery of anti-cancer drugs and diagnose cancer cells. Folate-PEG-Biotin (synthesized by Dr. Henne and Mr.Rohan Patel) was purified by HighPeformanceLiquidChromatography (HPLC) analysis and with the help of Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) its identity was confirmed. Folate is a basic composition of cell metabolism in both synthesis of DNA and proteins. Growing cancer cells require high level of folic acid. Folate Receptor-α (FR-α) is a membrane bound protein having high affinity for folic acid and serves to transport of folate into cells. Poly …

Maxwell's Equations, Part I: History, David W. Ball

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism are the fundamental understanding of how light behaves. There are various versions, depending on whether there is vacuum, a charge present, matter present, the system is relativistic or quantum, or are written in terms of differential or integral calculus. Here, I inaugurate a multi-part series on a discussion of each of Maxwell’s equations. The goal is for this series to become the definitive explanation of these rules (I know, a heady goal!). I trust readers will let me know if I succeed. In this first installment, we will discuss a little bit of historical development as …

Simultaneous Spectroscopic And Topographic Near-Field Imaging Of Tio2 Single Surface States And Interfacial Electronic Coupling, Papatya C. Sevinc, Xiao Wang, Yuanmin Wang, Dai Zhang, Alfred J. Meixner, H. Peter Lu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We have probed single surface states and the involved interfacial charge transfer coupling on the TiO2 surface using confocal as well as tip-enhanced near-field topographic-spectroscopic imaging analysis on a niobium-doped rutile TiO2(110) surface. The confocal images excited with a radially polarized donut mode render ring-shaped excitation patterns typical for quantum systems with two perpendicular transition dipole moments. The tip-enhanced near-field optical images of single surface states are visualized by the strong exciton plasmon-polariton coupling localized at the subdomain boundaries with a spatial resolution of similar to 15 nm (far beyond the optical diffraction limit). We suggest that the abundant surface …

A Sodium Salt Of The Dimer Of Boronoterephthalic Acid Anhydride, Scott Simmons, Albert Fratini, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The title compound, sodium bis­(6-carb­oxy-1-hy­droxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1-yl)oxidanium, Na+·C16H15B2O13-, was prepared in two steps from 2-bromo-p-xylene. Its crystal structure was determined at 140 K and has triclinic (P) symmetry. The compound presents a unique structural motif, including two units of the cyclic anhydride of boronoterephthalic acid, joined by a protonated, and thereby trivalent, oxonium center. Association in the crystal is realized by complementary hydrogen bonding of the carboxyl groups, as well as by coordination of the sodium cations to the oxygen centers on the five-membered rings.

Theoretical Investigation Of A Reported Antibiotic From The 'Miracle Tree' Moringa Oleifera, Michael Horwath, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Moringa oleifera, sometimes called the “Miracle Tree,” has received international attention for its potential to improve health in impoverished tropical areas. In addition to high vitamin content in the leaves and pods, the tree contains compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study focused on the theoretical investigation of the suggested structure of one antibacterial compound, “pterygospermin,” whose existence was proposed after some studies of the roots of M. oleifera. The structure of pterygospermin was first proposed by a research group working in the 1950s, but later studies have not found evidence of this compound and have instead …

Detection Of Protein By Microdrop Analysis, Yogeshkumar Radadiya

All Capstone Projects

Analysis of protein depends particularly on protein concentration. Protein concentration measurement is the most important part in the research work to conduct protein-related studies. Although there are many methods available for this purpose, each method has certain limitations. The aim of the experiment is to develop either new or modified analytical method for the analysis and detection of protein using newly introduced micro-plate reader equipped with Take-3 microplate with the help of Gen-5 software. An ideal assay should be simple and easy to carry out. Another aspect to be taken into consideration are low inference, stability of measured components and …

Intrinsic Spin Of An Electron, Ronald Lovett

Topics in Quantum Mechanics

No abstract provided.

Studies On Vinamidinium Salt Amine Exchange Reactions, Borohydride Reductions, And Subsequent Transformations, Xian Jia

Honors Theses

This research would not have been possible without the extraordinary guidance of Dr. John Gupton who I like to think of as the brains behind the operation. In addition, Dr. Nakul Telang, a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Gupton’s research lab, has provided great support, assistance and humor throughout my undergraduate research career. The other student members of the lab that I would like to recognize for their support and contribution to this project are Ben Giglio, James Eaton, Peter Barelli, Mona Hovaizi, Kayleigh Hall, Scott Welden, Kara Finzel. We also thank the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R15‐CA67236) for …

Synthesis Of Indole Containing Pyrimidines, Kara Finzel

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Anharmonic Properties Of The Vibrational Two-Qubit System, Yingying Gu

Master's Theses (2009 -)

My thesis focuses on theoretical studies in the molecular quantum computing with vibrational qubits. We studied how the molecular vibrational properties affect the fidelity of the logic gates. Our approach is to encode states of the quantum information register into the vibrational eigenstates of a molecule and use the shaped laser pulse (femtosecond, infrared) to control the vibrational state-to-state transition. By using the Optimal Control Theory to shape a femtosecond laser and numerical propagation of laser-driven vibrational wave packets, we analyzed how the vibrational properties of a two-qubit system affect the accuracy of the quantum gates and how to effectively …

Synthetic And Mechanistic Studies On The Cross-Coupling Reactions Catalyzed By Ruthenium Complexes, Ruili Gao

Dissertations (1934 -)

Transition metal catalyzed C-H bond activation reaction is a powerful synthetic method for forming functionalized products directly from unreactive hydrocarbons, and has enormous synthetic potentials for developing chemical processes ranging from petroleum products to pharmaceutical agents. In an attempt to mimic the high stereo selectivity and region selectivity of catalytic reactions by transition metal catalysts, recent research has focused on design and synthesis of transition metal complex and the application on the coupling reactions involving C-H bond activation.

Herein, we wish to report the highly effective coupling reactions involving C-H bond activation by using well-defined ruthenium catalysts. Ruthenium hydride complex …

N5-Phosphonoacetyl-L-Ornithine (Palo): A Convenient Synthesis And Investigation Of Influence On Regulation Of Amino Acid Biosynthetic Genes In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Brad Johnson, Rachel Steadman, Krista D. Patefield, Jeffrey J. Bunker, Audrey L. Atkin, Patrick Dussault

Patrick Dussault Publications

A scalable four-step synthesis of the ornithine transcarbamylase inhibitor N⁵-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO) is achieved through boroxazolidinone protection of ornithine. Investigations in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae found that, in contrast to a previous report, PALO did not influence growth rate or expression of genes involved in arginine metabolism.

Organometallic Iron(Iii)-Salophene Exerts Cytotoxic Properties In Neuroblastoma Cells Via Mapk Activation And Ros Generation, Kyu Kwang Kim, Rakesh K. Singh, Robert M. Strongin, Richard G. Moore, Laurent Brard, Thilo S. Lange

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The objective of the present study was to investigate the specific effects of Iron(III)-salophene (Fe-SP) on viability, morphology, proliferation, cell cycle progression, ROS generation and pro-apoptotic MAPK activation in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. A NCI-DTP cancer screen revealed that Fe-SP displayed high toxicity against cell lines of different tumor origin but not tumor type-specificity. In a viability screen Fe-SP exhibited high cytotoxicity against all three NB cell lines tested. The compound caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, suppression of cells progressing through S phase, morphological changes, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane depolarization potential, induction of apoptotic markers as well as …

Fabrication Of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (Pvdf) Nanofibers Containing Nickel Nanoparticles As Future Energy Server Materials, Faheem A. Sheikh, Travis Cantu, Javier Macossay-Torres, Hern Kim

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

In the present study, we introduce Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers containing nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) as a result of an electrospinning. Typically, a colloidal solution consisting of PVDF/Ni NPs was prepared to produce nanofibers embedded with solid NPs by electrospinning process. The resultant nanostructures were studied by SEM analyses, which confirmed well oriented nanofibers and good dispersion of Ni NPs over them. The XRD results demonstrated well crystalline feature of PVDF and Ni in the obtained nanostructures. Physiochemical aspects of prepared nano-structures were characterized for TEM which confirmed nanofibers were welloriented and had good dispersion of Ni NPs. Furthermore, the …

Developing Novel Nanoparticulated Imaging System Using Luminescence Enhancement Of Eu(Iii) And Tb(Iii) By Single-Strand Dna Encapsulation, David A. Corcoran, Diana L. Harms (Galindo)

All Student Theses and Dissertations

Non-toxic biosensors are encountering an increase in attention for use in understanding the fate of cells and as a diagnostic tool. Development and incorporation of suitable fluorophores into biological molecules is the key for monitoring proteins in vivo research. This study investigated the enhanced emission of Eu (III) and Tb (III) upon binding to the four DNA bases and their respective nucleotides, found the best ratio for effective energy transfer, and developing nanoparticles to deliver the biosensor into the cells.

It is well known that Eu (III) and Tb (III) exhibit very distinctive photo-characteristics. The luminescence of these two lanthanides …

A Three Dimensional Green's Function Solution Technique For The Transport Of Heavy Ions In Laboratory And Space, Candice Rockell Gerstner

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

In the future, astronauts will be sent into space for longer durations of time compared to previous missions. The increased risk of exposure to ionizing radiation, such as Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Particle Events, is of great concern. Consequently, steps must be taken to ensure astronaut safety by providing adequate shielding. The shielding and exposure of space travelers is controlled by the transport properties of the radiation through the spacecraft, its onboard systems and the bodies of the individuals themselves. Meeting the challenge of future space programs will therefore require accurate and efficient methods for performing radiation transport calculations …

Computational Investigation Of The Bioactive Selenium Compounds Ebselen And Selenious Acid, Sonia Antony

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Selenium, a toxic element, is required in trace quantities for the proper functioning of biological systems. The experimental mechanistic study of the reactions of ebselen and selenious acid is difficult due to complexity of the reaction mixtures and the presence of short-lived intermediates. Computational modeling of the reactivity of these species can give us an insight into their mechanisms, but the process is complicated by proton exchanges associated with the mechanistic steps. In gas phase modeling, this may be corrected to a certain level using the solvent assisted proton exchange (SAPE) method. SAPE is a modeling technique that mimics solvent …

Electrospinning Fabrication, Structural And Mechanical Characterization Of Rod-Like Virus-Based Composite Nanofibers, Laying Wu, Jianfeng Zang, L. Andrew Lee, Zhongwei Niu, Gary C. Horvatha, Vaughn Braxtona, Arief C. Wibowo, Michael A. Bruckman, Soumitra Ghoshroy, Hans-Conrad Zur Loye, Xiaodong Li, Qian Wang

Faculty Publications

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was electrospun with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into continuous TMV–PVA composite nanofibers to form a biodegradable nonwoven fibrous mat as an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic. Morphological characterizations by electron microscopyshowed that the addition of varying amounts of TMV resulted in homogeneous nanofibers without phase separation and did not change the diameter of the composite nanofibers. The orientation of TMV in as-spun fibers could be readily controlled and post-processing of the nonwoven TMV–PVA mat significantly improved its water resistance. In addition, tensile tests were performed on individual nanofibers, which revealed that the TMV–PVA composite nanofibers achieved a comparable …

Homozygous Mutation In Samhd1 Gene Causes Cerebral Vasculopathy And Early Onset Stroke, Baozhong Xin, Stephen Jones, Erik G. Puffenberger, Claas Hinze, Alicia Bright, Haiyan Tan, Aimin Zhou, Guiyun Wu, Jilda Vargus Adams, Dimitris Agamanolis, Heng Wang

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We describe an autosomal recessive condition characterized with cerebral vasculopathy and early onset of stroke in 14 individuals in Old Order Amish. The phenotype of the condition was highly heterogeneous, ranging from severe developmental disability to normal schooling. Cerebral vasculopathy was a major hallmark of the condition with a common theme of multifocal stenoses and aneurysms in large arteries, accompanied by chronic ischemic changes, moyamoya morphology, and evidence of prior acute infarction and hemorrhage. Early signs of the disease included mild intrauterine growth restriction, infantile hypotonia, and irritability, followed by failure to thrive and short stature. Acrocyanosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, chilblain …

Critical Perspective: Named Reactions Discovered And Developed By Women, Julie A. Olsen, Kevin M. Shea

Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Named organic reactions. As chemists, we’re all familiar with them: who can forget the Diels−Alder reaction? But how much do we know about the people behind the names? For example, can you identify a reaction named for a woman? How about a reaction discovered or developed by a woman but named for her male adviser? Our attempts to answer these simple questions started us on the journey that led to this Account.

We introduce you to four reactions named for women and nine reactions discovered or developed by women. Using information obtained from the literature and, whenever possible, through interviews …

Speciation Of Water‐Soluble Inorganic, Organic, And Total Nitrogen In A Background Marine Environment: Cloud Water, Rainwater, And Aerosol Particles, Adriana Gioda, Gabriel J. Reyes-Rodriguez, Gilmarie Santos-Figueroa, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr., Stefano Decesari, Maria Da Conceição K. V. Ramos, Heleno J. C. Bezerra Netto, Francisco R. De Aquino Neto, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Cloud water, rainwater, and aerosol particles were collected in Puerto Rico from December 2004 to March 2007 in order to investigate their chemical composition, relation to sources, and removal processes. The species analyzed were inorganic ions, metals, total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC, DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and organic acids. For all samples, the dominant species were marine (Na⁺, Cl⁻), representing about 50%–65% of total content. Non‐sea‐salt fraction was dominated by SO₄²⁻ (17%–25%), followed by water‐soluble organic (2%–8%) and total nitrogen (2% –6%) compounds. Organic acids represented contributions to the organic fraction in cloud …

University Scholar Series: Marc D'Alarcao, Marc D'Alarcao

University Scholar Series

Synthetic Organic Chemistry to Shed Light on Type II Diabetes and Cancer

On March 16, 2011 Marc d'Alarcao spoke in the University Scholar Series hosted by Provost Gerry Selter at the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library. Marc d'Alarcao is a Professor in the Chemistry Department at SJSU. In this seminar, he gives a progress report on his work aimed at developing and synthesizing new compounds that are designed to take advantage of this metabolic difference. His hope is that these compounds will be selectively toxic to cancer cells and may provide a new strategy for treating this major threat …

Novel Approach To New Endohedral Fullerenes, Elias J. Munoz Iii^, Luis Echegoyen*

COURI Symposium Abstracts, Spring 2011

Since the discovery of C60 many different allotropes of carbon have been found, isolated and researched. Of particular interest, Ugarte et al in 1992 first reported the observation of onion-like structures known as carbon nano onions (CNOs). They consist of concentric fullerene cages separated by the same distance as the layers of graphite. These carbon nanoparticles can be obtained from either arc discharge of graphite under water or by thermal annealing of nanodiamonds. Through the annealing process using the nanodiamonds, 6 to 8 layer onions can be obtained on average.

It has been demonstrated that multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) can be …