Chemistry Commons^™

Functionalization And Modification Of Naphthaquinone Analogs As Her2 Kinase Inhibitors, Divya Jyothi Lella

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

HER2 overexpression in breast cancer tumors predicts lower overall survival. Because of the aggressive nature of HER2 tumors and the association with metastatic disease, the HER2 receptor holds great promise as a therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer. We are developing small molecule inhibitors that bind to the ATP binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain in order to inhibit tyrosine auto-phosphorylation. This process controls biological pathways that mediate the cell growth. In normal cells this process is highly controlled. We are targeting the modification of the side chain of the hydroxy methyl group of 2-Hydroxy methyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthaquinone. These compounds should …

Tetracyclines In Swine Waste, Natalie Kaye Jones

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Antibiotics are added to animal feeds as prophylactic agents and to encourage weight gain in livestock. However, there is concern that the widespread use of antibiotics in animal agriculture encourages for the selection of resistance genes and has contributed to the rise of multiply antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. For this reason, there is interest in quantifying antibiotics in environmental samples. The determination of three antibiotics in swine waste, namely chlortetracycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline, using LC-MS with electrospray ionization is presented here in. Antibiotics from swine waste were quantified across the lifespan of the swine. Trends were present in …

Comparative Studies On Standard And Fire-Rated Gypsum Wallboards., Harika Javangula

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The long term goal of this research is to improve the fire resistance of gypsum wallboard (GWB). Gypsum wallboard consists mainly of gypsum, i.e. calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO₄•2H₂O. In buildings, the chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of gypsum wallboard play an important role in delaying the spread of fire. To build a fire resistant GWB, it is very important to study the thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical properties of regular GWB and various types of fire-resistant wallboards available commercially in the market. Various fire-resistant GWBs have been compared and contrasted with reference to a standard wallboard …

Electrically Controlled Formation And Release Of Admicelles For Solid Phase Extraction, Sukyeon Lee

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Solid phase extraction is one of the most widely used methods to concentrate diluted compounds in a solution. Substances can be extracted into admicelles and hemimicelles, which are surface adsorbed micelles and surfactant monolayers, respectively. Investigations of the electrical control of surfactants on surfaces for the purpose of analyte preconcentration prior to chromatographic analysis are presented. The surfactant layer serves as the “stationary phase” in a solid phase extraction sorbent scenario. Analytes are adsorbed on this layer, and then released from the solid phase via surfactant removal. The attachment and removal of the surfactant are controlled by means of an …

Enhancing The Photovoltaic Performance Of P3ht/Pdib Silsesquioxane Donor-Acceptor System Using Spray Deposition Fabrication Technique, Venkata Ramana Manda

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

In the past few years, the solution-processed organic based solar cells gained more importance by meeting the demands for cost effective photovoltaic devices. To date, the focus of the organic photovoltaic devices has been on the optimization of the processing the materials to improve photo conversion efficiency and also by modifying the active components of the organic materials. Recently, it has been recognized that the deposition techniques also plays a major role in enhancing the power conversion efficiencies. Currently, though the most common deposition technique for organic solar cells is spin coating, which does not allow scaling up of the …

Removal Of Arsenic Using Iron Coated Limestone, Anitha Swarna

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a severe problem worldwide. The best way to prevent hazardous diseases from chronic arsenic exposure is to remove the exposure. Efforts to remediate arsenic in drinking water have taken two tracks. One is to provide surface or shallow well water sources as an alternative to the arsenic contaminated deep wells. Another approach is to remove arsenic from the contaminated water. Different removal technologies like oxidation, chemical coagulation, precipitation, adsorption and others are available. There are problems and benefits associated with each of these approaches that can be related to cultural, socio-economic and engineering influences. …

Investigation Of The Addition Of Basalt Fibres Into Cement, Jahi Palme

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Mechanical properties of concrete are most commonly determined using destructive tests including: compression, flexure, and fracture notch specimen tests. However, nondestructive tests exist for evaluating the properties of concrete such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and impact echo tests. One of major issues with concrete (which has cement as its prime ingredient) is that unlike steel it is quasi-brittle material. It tends to want to crack when tensile stresses develop. Fibres have been added to concrete for many years to reduce the amount of and size of cracks cause by temperature changes or shrinkage. In more recent years, significant research has …

Synthesis Of Perylenediimide-Functionalized Silsesquioxane Nanostructures, Lan Xu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Organic semiconductors functionalized nanostructures are becoming as promising materials for electronic device applications including organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives have also been known as one of the best n-type organic semiconductors. PDI derivatives can form bulk materials, which are both photochemically and thermally stable and have been widely used in various optoelectronic devices. Due to the formation of high electron mobility of crystalline domains, they prefer to incorporate into a silsesquioxane network. Here, we describe the potential applicability of perylenediimide functionalized silsesquioxane nanoribbons (PDI-dimethyl nanoribbons) as an acceptor for optoelectronic devices. We have developed synthetic procedures to make the …

Laboratory Scale Study Of Calcium Sulfate Hydration Forms, Sandeep Kumar Kuthadi

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This research is part of an ongoing project to create gypsum wallboards with enhanced fire resistance. The main goal of this research is to better understand the dehydration properties of calcium sulfate dihydrate, and the hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate as well as anhydrous calcium sulfate. The lab-scale kinetics of these processes were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and sorption analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the products from different processes. In addition to the instrumental studies, small batches were handled in ovens and liquid slurries to better mimic the real world processing of …

Selective Oxidations By Metalloporphyrins And Metallocorroles, Tse-Hong Chen

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Highly reactive transition metal-oxo intermediates are important active oxidant involved in numerous enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases as well as in many useful metal-catalyzed oxidations. Many transition metal catalysts are designed for biomimetic studies of the predominant oxidation catalysts in Nature, the cytochrome P450 enzymes. In this work, a series of metalloporphyrin and metallocorrole complexes have been successfully synthesized and spectroscopically characterized by UV-vis, GCMS and ¹H-NMR. The utilization of these complexes as catalysts for selective oxidation of sulfides and photocatalytic aerobic oxidations of activated hydrocarbons were investigated. Ruthenium(II) porphyrin complexes (2) and iron(III) corrole complexes (4) with …

Thermal Analysis Of Binding Of Organic Pollutants To Titanium Dioxide, Shashidhar Annarapu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Conventional waste water treatment processes are not completely effective in removing highly stable organic compounds. Photocatalytic degradation on titanium dioxide is a possible alternative technique for many classes of these compounds. Several studies have been done by other researchers to study mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation, which occurs either through direct oxidation by holes or via indirect oxidation by radical messengers. Titanium dioxide can oxidize substrates directly through hole oxidation mechanisms or indirectly through free radical mechanisms. Substrates must bind onto the catalyst surface to undergo direct oxidation by holes. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on four different classes of compounds; …

Solar Energy Conversion And Control Using Organic Photovoltaic Cells, Kurt Wade Woods

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are advanced, newly emerging technologies that are lightweight, mechanically flexible devices with highthroughput processes from low cost material in a variety of colors. Rathnayake et al. of Western Kentucky University have developed a nanostructure-based OPV cell. Presented in this thesis is a model and simulation of a generalized PV powered system that can predict the performance of solar arrays in various environmental conditions. The simulation has been carried out in Matlab/Simulink, and upon entering the cell’s parameters, it provides key electrical characteristics such as the cell’s I-V curve and efficiency information. The total system that is …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Manganese Pyridazyl Complexes, Sana Shah

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Heterocyclic’s and their fused-ring derivatives have been of interest for their use in electronic materials due to their ease of production, synthetic versatility, and low cost compared to traditional inorganic materials like silicon. Pyridazines have been found to be useful in catalysis gas storage, polymeric sensors and biological mimetics. When a transition-metal is fused into a synthesized pyridazine, unique properties such as conductivity and optics are allowed. In this work, synthesized pyridazine complexes will be analyzed by mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, imaging, x-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. We are interested in synthesizing organometallic pyridazines and manganese pyridazyl …

Interactive Wireless Sensor For Remote Trace Detection And Recognition Of Hazardous Gases, Audrey Lama

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The interactive wireless sensor detects many hazardous gases such as Hexane, Propane, Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen. These gases are highly toxic and used in different kinds of manufacturing industries, domestic purpose and so on. So, building a sensor that can detect this kind of gases can save the environment; prevent the potential for explosion, and endangering human life. In long term, interactive wireless sensor can also prevent the financial losses that might occur due to the hazardous incident that might occur due to these toxic gases.

Hexane is a colorless, strong gas which inhaled in significant amounts by a person …

Molecular Level Interaction Of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 (Hfgf-1) With Phloridzin, Rammohan Paripelly

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of growth factors which includes twenty three proteins. FGFs work as modulators for various cellular activities like mitosis, differentiation and survival. Among the FGF family, human fibroblast growth factor-1 (hFGF-1), which is also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent angiogenic agent, involved in the formation of new blood vessels in various tissues. hFGF-1 is regarded as a prototype of the FGF family. It serves as one of the potential targets in tumor inhibition and obesity due to its involvement in new blood vessel formation in cancerous regions and adipose tissues. …

Synthesis And Structures Of New Three-Dimensional Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks, Nitin Kumar Pally

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with metal ions covalently bonded to organic ligands. The ligands act as spacers often creating a porous structure with very high pore volume and surface area. MOFs are known for their robust structures, high porosity, and different chemical functionalities and are considered for applications in adsorptions, separations, catalysis and gas storage. This work focuses on the synthesis of new MOFs using copper compounds. Different types of carboxylate ligands were used for the synthesis. Two new copper-organic frameworks, [Cu₃(pyz)(btc)] (1), and [(Cu₃(btc))•xH₂O] (2) (btc= benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, pyz= pyrazine) have been …

Development Of Colloid Displacement Lithography Platforms For Sensor Applications, Mahesh Thugu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

In this work, Poly (diallyldimethylammonium) chloride - (PDDA) was used as a base layer for developing colloid displacement lithography platforms for sensor applications. Previous work shows that glass coated with PDDA and exposed to gold acts as a good platform for colloid displacement lithography. However, for actual sensor applications, electrical isolation of individual sensor sections must be achieved. This is attempted by laying down a 40 μm stripe of PDDA on a cleaned substrate and coating that stripe with gold colloid. The size of 40 μm or less in width is set as the target to fit within the scan …

Single Step Synthesis Of Antibiotic Kanamycin Embedded Gold Nanoparticles For Efficient Antibacterial Activity, Shravan Gavva

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Nanotechnology has become the most advanced type of drug delivery system within the last decade. This advancement shifted the focus on small carriers to increase the efficiency of the drugs. Among these, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were found to have profound biomedical applications. In current research, kanamycin embedded GNPs were prepared in a single step, single phase, and bio-friendly (green synthesis) procedure. The synthesized Kanamycin-GNPs (Kan-GNPs) were spherical in shape and had a size range of 15 ± 3 nm. The chosen kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that is isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. These special antibiotic GNPs are further characterized using …

Effects Of Xanthan/Locust Bean Gum Mixtures On The Physicochemical Properties And Oxidative Stability Of Whey Protein Stabilized Oil-In-Water Emulsions, Goutham Puli

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Scientific evidence shows that dietary intake of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is beneficial to human health. Fish oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. However, fish oil with high levels of omega-3 PUFA is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration during storage. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of xanthan gum (XG)-locust bean gum (LBG) mixtures on the physicochemical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing 20% v/v menhaden oil. The O/W emulsions containing XG/LBG mixtures were compared to emulsions with either XG or LBG alone. The emulsions were prepared …

Reinventing Aromatic Substitution: A Novel Look, Quang Nguyen

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) and directed ortho-metalation (DoM) involve the direct substitution of an arene hydrogen. A major drawback involving EAS is the necessity for harsh forcing conditions for the reaction to proceed. Catalysts such as Lewis acids FeBr₃ and AICI₃ for the introduction of halogens and acyl groups, respectively, are each highly toxic and corrosive. Textbook preparations of aryl iodides classicaly involved the use of iodine and nitric acid. This approach affords only modest yields and does not provide regiospecific substitution of most substituted aromatics because most contain ortho/para directors which afford mixtures of …

Analysis Of Kyrock For Leaching Of Impurities In Synthetic Rainwater, Santhosh Kumar Kasulavada

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Kyrock is a coarse grained sandstone with a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. Mining of Kyrock is for use in road construction and roofing. Kyrock samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to obtain elemental analysis. High levels of carbon indicate the presence of organic compounds. Analysis of an acid digestion of the samples using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy showed inorganic compounds such as titanium oxide, vanadium oxide along with traces of arsenic. Elemental analysis of samples indicates a percent of carbon, and sulfur with no notable traces of nitrogen. Pyrolysis of the samples was done using gas …

Selective Catalytic Oxidation Of Organic Sulfides By Iron (Iii) Porphryin Catalysts And Generation Of Iron (Iv)-Oxo Prophyrin Radical Cations, Nawras A. Asiri

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Macrocyclic ligand-complexed transition metal-oxo intermediates are the active oxidizing species in a variety of important biological and catalytic oxidation reactions. Many transition metal catalysts have been designed to mimic the predominant oxidation catalysts in nature, namely the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Iron porphyrin complexes have been the center of research as catalysts. In this study 5,10,15,20- tetramesitylporphyrin (H₂TMP) and its corresponding iron complexes Fe^III(X)TMP (X= Cl, ClO₄, ClO₃, NO₃, NO₂, and BrO₃) have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopies. For the catalytic …

Synthesis And Computational Studies Of A New Class Of Lanthanide Niobate Cluster : [Ln4(H2O)8(So4)5(Nbo3)2]+3h2O; Ln= Dy, Tb, Brady D. Garabato

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Polyoxoniobates (PONbs) are a small family of highly electron-rich clusters. The development of new solids composed of these clusters have applications in green energy and electronics. However, the high charge environment of PONbs typically requires alkaline synthetic conditions that are unsuitable for introducing other metals and organic molecules, making synthesis of new systems difficult. To date, very few transition metals and organic ligands have been incorporated into these PONb solids, and lanthanide metal inclusion, which generally improves photoconductivity due to longlived f-orbital excitations, has not yet been fully realized. Here, the synthesis of a new class of lanthanide niobate cluster …

Ionic Conductivity In Non-Ionic Compounds, Usha Kranthi Avala

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The main objective of this work is to investigate the ionic conductivity of the drugs under certain conditions and also to compare the ionic conductivities of drugs determined by single surface sensors and parallel plate sensors. The ionic conductivity of various materials at their pre-melt and melt states are studied in order to further study a recently discovered phenomenon. Polar solids like Lidocaine, Ketoconazole, Procainamide and Nifedipine were examined in this study. Experimental studies show an increase in ionic conductivity in both pre-melt (20 -30 °C below melting temperature) and melt transition regions. Results of ionic conductivity of both parallel …

Synthesis Of Rhenium And Manganese Pyridazoal Complexes, Jesse Evans

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Pyridazines are a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a characteristic N-N bond that are utilized in many fields, including medicine and electronics. It is this latter field that Dr. Snyder's research group is focused upon. Organometallic compounds are a better conducting material than the current inorganic compounds used in electronics due to better conductance of electricity, lower production cost, and the ability to be formed into thin films. With this in mind, Dr. Snyder's research group has set out to synthesize organometallic compounds for this purpose. Following procedures set forth by Snyder etc, and altered to form an off-metal route, we …

Reactions Of Platinum(Ii) Compounds With Selenium Containing Amino Acids, Stephanie Robey

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Platinum(II) anticancer medications essentially react with DNA forming kinks in
the double helix of DNA and causing apoptosis. It has also been noted that these
anticancer medications react with methionine and cysteine in the body. With the new discoveries of selenium containing amino acids including selenomethionine and selenocysteine, new research is ongoing to see what types of products can be formed from these amino acids. Our research reacts [Pt(Met-S,N)Cl₂] ²⁺ with selenomethionine to determine what types of products are produced. Monochelates including [Pt(SeMet-Se,N)Cl₂] ²⁺ have formed two isomers, …

Effect Of Leaving Ligands Of Platinum(Ii) Diamine Complexes On Dna And Protein Residues, Ramya Kolli

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Platinum compounds are widely used drugs in cancer treatments. Although DNA is the biological target, reaction of platinum compounds with proteins is also potentially significant. Our objective is to study the effects of leaving ligands on the relative reactivity between 5'-GMP (guanosine 5' phosphate), a key DNA target, and N-Acetyl - L-Methionine (N-AcMet), a key protein target. We have used NMR spectroscopy to monitor reactions with N-AcMet and 5'-GMP added to a platinum complex to see which products are formed preferentially. Previous research showed that both a non-bulky complex such as [Pt(en)(D₂O)₂]²⁺ [en=ethylenediamine], and a …

Effects Of Cisplatin Analog Size On The Reaction With Dna Bases, Swathi Nandala

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Cisplatin is one of the well-known anti-cancer agents used to treat testicular and ovarian cancers. It mainly binds to the DNA bases, which leads to cell death. The cytotoxic activity of the cisplatin analogs is due to the interaction of platinum with nucleotides like adenine at N₇ or N₁ position and guanine at N₇ position. Guanine is the primary target for cisplatin analogs whereas adenine is the secondary target. Cisplatin analogs, [Pt(Me₅dien)(D₂O)]²⁺[Me₅dien = N,N,N’,N’,N’’-pentamethyl diethylene triamine] and …

Fused Arenes-Based Molecular And Polymeric Materials For Organic Field Effect Transistors, Harista Irugulapati

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in organic field effect
transistors. Fused oligothiophenes and anthracene molecules are fascinating
macromolecules having unique optoelectronic properties. These compounds are successfully employed as active components in optoelectronic devices including field effect transistors. Our goal is to design and synthesize conjugated molecular materials, which are highly functionalized through structural modifications in order to enhance their electronic, photonic, and morphological properties. The main desire is to synthesize novel organic fused-arenes having efficient charge carrier mobilities, as well as to optimize optical properties for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Novel series of fused arene …

Phosphorus Transport And Distribution In Kentucky Soils Prepared Using Various Biochar Types, Anvesh Reddy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Conserving the environment is an issue that is gaining popularity day by day. Phosphorus transfer from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue that is being closely observed as the transport of phosphorous to water bodies is adversely affecting water quality due to accelerated eutrophication. It is important to establish phosphorous models that accurately account for soil test phosphorous. Standard models like SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) were designed for serving this purpose. They are now used as the basis for developing new models that can more accurately account for the phosphorus transport, …