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Articles 691 - 720 of 779

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Analytical Potential Of Polymerized Liposomes Bound To Lanthanide Ions For Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of Proteins, Marina Santos Jan 2006

Analytical Potential Of Polymerized Liposomes Bound To Lanthanide Ions For Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of Proteins, Marina Santos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the intriguing features of biological systems is the prevalence of highly selective and often very strong interactions among different cellular components. Such interactions play a variety of organizational, mechanical, and physiological roles at the cellular and organism levels. Antigen-antibody complexes are representative examples of highly selective and potent interactions involving proteins. The marked specificity of protein-antibody complexes have led to a wide range of applications in cellular and molecular biology related research. They have become an integral research tool in the present genomic and proteomic era. Unfortunately, the production of selective tools based on antigen-antibody interactions requires cumbersome …

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Cell Toxicology Study Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs)., Clarisse Sornsay Muenyi Aug 2005

Cell Toxicology Study Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs)., Clarisse Sornsay Muenyi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on the cytotoxic properties of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) in transformed and cancerous cell lines. We used RAW264.7 macrophage and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines in this study. TPGS caused cell death and decreased cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell death was evaluated fluorimetrically by employing the nucleic acid-binding fluorophore; propidium iodide. A colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Cell death can occur through necrosis or apoptosis. Our results suggested that TPGS triggered apoptotic cell death. Induction of apoptosis, as measured by caspase …

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Cell Toxicity And Uptake Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs) By Various Cell Ines In Vitro., Christelle Komguem Kamga Aug 2005

Cell Toxicity And Uptake Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs) By Various Cell Ines In Vitro., Christelle Komguem Kamga

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on investigating and comparing the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS, with that of alpha-tocopheryl succinate (α-TS). Both TPGS and α-TS are water-soluble forms of vitamin E with important clinical applications. Cytotoxicity assays with RAW 264.7 and LNCaP cells incubated overnight with TPGS or α-TS at concentrations ≥ 12.4 μM suggest that α-TS is more cytotoxic than TPGS. Macrophages were found to be more sensitive than LNCaP cells when treated with similar concentrations of α-TS. For both cell lines, most of the TPGS or α-TS taken up remained esterified after 24 hours. Our …

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Potential Energy Surface Around The Tropylium Ion., Kenneth Wayne Bullins Aug 2005

Potential Energy Surface Around The Tropylium Ion., Kenneth Wayne Bullins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The formation of the tropylium ion, C7H7+, in the mass spectrum of toluene is a chemical process that has been studied extensively in the past. The advances in computational power of personal computers have made the investigation of the pathway to form this ion and its subsequent decomposition feasible at a fairly high level of theory. The calculations that we performed were at the HF/6-31G (d, p) and the B3LYP/6-311++G (2d) levels. This work will show areas of the potential energy surface around the highly symmetric tropylium ion to give a glance of possible mechanisms …

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Electrochemical Remedy And Analysis For The Environment Based On The New Polymer-Dna Composite Material., Noor Feuza Hussain Aug 2005

Electrochemical Remedy And Analysis For The Environment Based On The New Polymer-Dna Composite Material., Noor Feuza Hussain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this work a new material, the conducting polymer-DNA composite, has been reported for the first time due to its promise in micro extraction, transfer, and release of cations under controlled potential conditions by using electrochemically assisted solid phase micro extraction (SPME). The Polypyrrole/DNA composite can be formed easily by oxidation of pyrrole monomers in the presence of chromosomal DNA by electropolymerization. Environmental significant pollutants such as Cd, Pb, Hg, Co, Zn, Cu, and Bi metal ions can be extracted from the aqueous solution and are able to be transferred to another medium defined as the release solution where the …

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Recovery Of Hydrogen And Helium From Their Mixtures Using Metal Hydrides, Muzaffer Tonguc Oztek Jan 2005

Recovery Of Hydrogen And Helium From Their Mixtures Using Metal Hydrides, Muzaffer Tonguc Oztek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Waste streams of hydrogen and helium mixtures are produced at the Kennedy Space Center during purging of the hydrogen systems and supply lines. This process is done prior to and after hydrogen servicing. The purged waste gases are lost to the atmosphere, resulting in an annual loss of 2 million and 0.1 million standard cubic meters of helium and hydrogen, respectively. Recovery of these gases will have an economic benefit. Metals, alloys, and intermetallics are known to react with hydrogen in favorable conditions; therefore, they have the possibility of serving as separating and recovery agents. In this study, Mg2Ni, VTiNi …

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Synthesis Of Alkylthiol-Containing Fluorene Derivatives For Gold Nanoparticle Functionalization, Sriram Mukundarajan Jan 2005

Synthesis Of Alkylthiol-Containing Fluorene Derivatives For Gold Nanoparticle Functionalization, Sriram Mukundarajan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A novel synthetic methodology has been developed for attaching fluorene derivatives, containing different types of electron donating and accepting groups at the 2 and 7 positions, to gold nanoparticles of different sizes by exploiting the affinity of the thiol functional group for gold. The distance between the dye and nanoparticles was varied by introducing two alkyl chains containing different number of carbon atoms at the 9 position on the fluorene ring system. The methodology that was developed gave enough scope for performing Radiative Decay Engineering (RDE) studies, in order to investigate the impact of gold nanoparticles on the singlet oxygen …

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Messenger Rna Profiling: A Prototype Method For Body Fluidand Tissue Identification, Jane Juusola Jan 2005

Messenger Rna Profiling: A Prototype Method For Body Fluidand Tissue Identification, Jane Juusola

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Conventional methods of body fluid identification use labor-intensive, technologically diverse techniques that are performed in a series, not parallel, manner and are costly in terms of time and sample. Furthermore, for some frequently encountered body fluids, such as saliva or vaginal secretions, no confirmatory technique exists. Terminally differentiated cells, such as blood lymphocytes or epithelial cells lining the oral cavity, have a unique pattern of gene expression, which is evinced by the presence and relative abundance of specific mRNA species. If the type and abundance of mRNAs can be determined in a stain or tissue sample recovered at the crime …

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Synthesis, Characterizations, And Evaluation Of New Reactive Two-Photon Absorbing Dyes For Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Imaging Applications, Katherine J. Hales Jan 2005

Synthesis, Characterizations, And Evaluation Of New Reactive Two-Photon Absorbing Dyes For Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Imaging Applications, Katherine J. Hales

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent, cooperative advances in chemistry, biology, computing, photophysics, optics, and microelectronics have resulted in extraordinary developments in the biological sciences, resulting in the emergence of a novel area termed 'biophotonics'. The integrative and interdisciplinary nature of biophotonics cuts across virtually all disciplines, extending the frontiers of basic cellular, molecular, and biology research through the clinical and pharmaceutical industries. This holds true for the development and application of the novel imaging modality utilizing multiphoton absorption and its extraordinary contribution to recent advances in bioimaging. Intimately involved in the revolution of nonlinear bioimaging has been the development of optical probes for probing …

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In Situ Remediation Of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediments Using Emulsified Zero-Valent Metal Particles, Kristen Marie Milum Jan 2005

In Situ Remediation Of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediments Using Emulsified Zero-Valent Metal Particles, Kristen Marie Milum

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sediments can act as both a sink for pollutants and a source for aquatic contaminants. Natural and human disturbances of the sediments can release the contaminants to the overlying water where bottom dwelling, or benthic, organisms may be exposed through direct contact, ingestion of sediment particles, or uptake of dissolved contaminants present in the water. Dredging, the most common remediation technology for heavy metals, exacerbates this process. The in situ use of emulsified metal has been studied for its ability to pull heavy metals from aqueous solution and from saturated soils. It has proven successful in the laboratory with removal …

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Reaction Rates For The Dehalogenation Of Trichloroethylene Using Various Types Of Zero-Valent Iron, Neil Stewart Jan 2005

Reaction Rates For The Dehalogenation Of Trichloroethylene Using Various Types Of Zero-Valent Iron, Neil Stewart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Remediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) and other chlorinated solvents is of great concern due to their toxicity and their persistence in the environment. Iron has been used extensively in the past decade as a subsurface reactive agent for the remediation of dense, nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs). Permeable reactive barrier walls (PRBW) have been installed at many sites around the country to treat contaminated plumes resulting from the presence of DNAPL pools. The use of zero-valent metals, such as iron, to effectively reductively dechlorinate DNAPLs has been employed as the reactive material in these PRBWs (Gillham et al., 1993). However, limited work has …

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Part I : Isolation Of Dipentyl 2-(4-(Pentan-3-Yl) Phenyl) Malonate From Sanguisorba Officinalis Labill Part Ii: Synthesis Of A Novel Family Of Ethers Of Podocarpic Acid, Manjeera Yalavarty Jan 2005

Part I : Isolation Of Dipentyl 2-(4-(Pentan-3-Yl) Phenyl) Malonate From Sanguisorba Officinalis Labill Part Ii: Synthesis Of A Novel Family Of Ethers Of Podocarpic Acid, Manjeera Yalavarty

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The goal of part I of this thesis was to isolate pure anti cancer compounds from the Russian plant Sanguisorba officinalis. This plant was selected for investigation because it showed 100% activity against leukemia (L1210 mouse leukemia cells) during the preliminary screening of approximately 100 Russian plant extracts. This work has resulted in the isolation of novel compound 11 using traditional chromatography techniques. Compound 11 was characterized with spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, DQCOSY and MS. Compound 11 was assigned the structure dipentyl 2-(4-(pentan-3-yl) phenyl) malonate. The goal of part II of this thesis was …

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Assessment And In Vitro Repair Of Damaged Dna Templates From Forensic Stains, Ashley Hall Jan 2005

Assessment And In Vitro Repair Of Damaged Dna Templates From Forensic Stains, Ashley Hall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

DNA extracted from biological stains is often intractable to analysis. This may due to a number of factors including a low copy number (LCN) of starting molecules, the presence of soluble inhibitors or damaged DNA templates. Remedies may be available to the forensic scientist to deal with LCN templates and soluble inhibitors but none presently exist for damaged DNA. In fact, only recently has the biochemical nature, the extent of DNA damage in physiological stains and the point at which the damage inflicted upon a particular sample precludes the ability to obtain a genetic profile for purposes of identification been …

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Structural Study Of Disease Related Proteins, Ayse Sinem Ozyurt Jan 2005

Structural Study Of Disease Related Proteins, Ayse Sinem Ozyurt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The availability of complete sequences for the genomes of many organisms changes the researcher's attention from genome sequencing to finding the function of gene products, the proteins. The three dimensional (3D) structure of a protein is helpful to understand its function, because tertiary structure is more conserved in evolution than sequence. The 3D structures can be found quickly by using high-throughput (HT) methods for protein expression, purification, characterization and structure determination. This process is very challenging in every step. Therefore we selected nearly 200 cancer related proteins as targets to see the difficulties in trying to determine the web predicted …

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The Use And Development Of Laser Microdissection To Separate Spermatozoa From Epithelial Cells For Str Analysis, Christine Sanders Jan 2005

The Use And Development Of Laser Microdissection To Separate Spermatozoa From Epithelial Cells For Str Analysis, Christine Sanders

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis has become a valuable tool in identifying the source of biological stains, particularly from the investigation of sexual assault crimes. Difficulties in analysis arise primarily in the interpretation of mixed genotypes when cell separation of the sexual assailant's sperm from the victim's cells is incomplete. The forensic community continues to seek improvements in cell separation methods from mixtures for DNA typing. This report describes the use of laser microdissection (LMD) for the separation of pure populations of spermatozoa from two-donor cell mixtures. In this study, cell separation was demonstrated by microscopic identification of histologically stained …

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Kinetics And Mechanism Of The Catalysis Of The Decomposition Of Hydrogen Peroxide By Schiff Base Complexes Of Copper(Ii)., Timothy Kum Beng Dec 2004

Kinetics And Mechanism Of The Catalysis Of The Decomposition Of Hydrogen Peroxide By Schiff Base Complexes Of Copper(Ii)., Timothy Kum Beng

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spectroscopic studies have been used to describe the mechanism of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by solutions of a dimeric Cu(II) complex of a dissymetric Schiff base, [CuSALAD]2.H2O, and imidazole or methyl substituted imidazoles, B, which form monomeric CuSALAD.B2 complexes, in aqueous ethanol solvent. Freezing point depression and vapor pressure lowering studies were carried out to confirm the dimeric nature of the [CuSALAD]2.H2O complex that had been previously reported. The stoichiometry of the [CuSALAD]2.H2O-imidazole equilibrium was extensively studied pointing to a 1:4 stoichiometry. The CuSALAD.B2 adducts …

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Determination Of Lactose By Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography., Danessa Leann Sexton May 2004

Determination Of Lactose By Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography., Danessa Leann Sexton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lactose is the common disaccharide found in dairy products. It can, however, be a source of discomfort for those whom are lactose intolerant. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately, reliably, and efficiently determine the lactose content of foods. The goal of this research was to develop a reversed-phase HPLC method with UV detection for the determination of lactose. Aminobenzoic acid was used to prepare a derivative, making detection possible in the 300-360 nm region. The stationary phase is a C8 column, with 85% methanol 15% water mixture at pH 5 as the mobile phase. A linear response of peak area …

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New Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Sol-Gel Nanocomposite Materials For Raman Gain In Fiber Optics, Stephen James Andrasik Jan 2004

New Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Sol-Gel Nanocomposite Materials For Raman Gain In Fiber Optics, Stephen James Andrasik

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The recent increased availability of additional wavelengths in the telecommunications window of about 1300-1600 nm has generated an interest in new optical materials and devices that can operate outside the normally used regions of 840 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm. Specifically, methods to amplify fiber optical data transmission in the regions where there is limited or no existing methods to achieve amplification is of interest in the chemistry and photonic communities. Raman gain is one method that has been proposed to passively amplify optical data transmission through a distributed process. Amplification is obtained through a nonlinear light scattering process …

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Part I: Evaluation Of Russian Synthetic Compounds As A Potential Source Of New Drug Leads Agains Breast And Colon Cancer Part Ii: Isolation Of Beta-Amyrin Formate From Eucalyptus Viminalis Labill And Investigation Of Its Colon Cancer Activity, Mihaela Cohanoschi Jan 2004

Part I: Evaluation Of Russian Synthetic Compounds As A Potential Source Of New Drug Leads Agains Breast And Colon Cancer Part Ii: Isolation Of Beta-Amyrin Formate From Eucalyptus Viminalis Labill And Investigation Of Its Colon Cancer Activity, Mihaela Cohanoschi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although modern medicine made great steps toward curing most diseases considered deadliest, yet cancer remains one of the major public health problems. The first part of this thesis investigates a new source of selective compounds that are potential candidates against cancer. Fifteen Russian compounds were tested in order to establish their efficiency against two types of cancer: human breast SK-Br-3 and colorectal carcinoma HT-29. The bioassay results show that seven of the new synthetic Russian compounds can be considered new drug leads, based upon their low toxicity and efficacy in slowing the growth of human breast cancer and colon cancer …

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The Use Of Pyrosequencing For The Analysis Of Y Chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Jeremy Charles Fletcher Jan 2004

The Use Of Pyrosequencing For The Analysis Of Y Chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Jeremy Charles Fletcher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The potential value of the Y chromosome for forensic applications has been recognized for some time with the current work dedicated to Short Tandem Repeat analysis and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) discovery. This study examined the ability of two different SNP analysis methods to determine if they could be utilized in forensic applications and ultimately be developed into an established system for Y chromosome SNP analysis. This study examined two principle SNP analysis systems: single base extension and Pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing was determined to be superior to single base extension, due to the wealth of information provided with sequencing and the …

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Method For Determination Of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields For New Fluorene-Based Photosensitizers In Aqueous Media For The Advancement Of Photodynamic Therapy, Wade William Grabow Jan 2004

Method For Determination Of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields For New Fluorene-Based Photosensitizers In Aqueous Media For The Advancement Of Photodynamic Therapy, Wade William Grabow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated over the past three decades and is currently an approved therapeutic modality for skin cancer, the treatment of superficial bladder, early lung and advanced esophageal cancers, and age-related macular degeneration in a number of countries. In PDT, the absorption of light by a chromophore generates cytotoxic species such as reactive singlet oxygen, leading to irreversible destruction of the treated tissue. The measurement of the singlet oxygen quantum yield is an important determinant used to evaluate the efficiency of new photodynamic therapy agents developed in the laboratory, to screen potential photosensitizers in aqueous media.The singlet …

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Synthesis And Polymerization Of Bifunctional Five-Membered Cyclic Dithiocarbonates And Their Use As Stabilizers For Magnetic Nan, Mohammed Daoudi Jan 2004

Synthesis And Polymerization Of Bifunctional Five-Membered Cyclic Dithiocarbonates And Their Use As Stabilizers For Magnetic Nan, Mohammed Daoudi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Novel bifunctional five-membered cyclic dithiocarbonates (1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione)s were synthesized by the reactions of the corresponding bifunctional oxiranes (epoxides) with carbon disulfide at room temperature with lithium bromide as catalyst. Full characterization of these monomers was performed including elemental analysis, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The polyaddition polymerization of 1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione with 1,4-diaminobutane at room temperature resulted in a poly(thiourethane) material. The latter undergoes crosslinking due probably to the autooxidation of the product and formation of disulfide linkages. The five-membered cyclic dithiocarbonate, 5-decyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione, was used a model to demonstrate the usefulness …

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Synthesis Of A Novel Family Of Amide Derivatives Of Podocarpic Acid, Dao Nguyen Jan 2004

Synthesis Of A Novel Family Of Amide Derivatives Of Podocarpic Acid, Dao Nguyen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a class, amides are of great interest in biological studies and pharmaceutical application. In this work, podocarpic acid, a natural tricyclic diterpene, derived from Podocarpus species, has been employed to form a novel family of amide derivatives which will later be studied for their potential as new drug leads. Novel amide derivatives of podocarpic acid were synthesized from podocarpic acid in three steps. The first step involved methylation with dimethylsulfate to form methyl-O-methylpodocarpate. This step was followed by iodination with iodine to give iodomethyl-O-methylpodocarpate. Finally amidation with various aliphatic amides using a copper catalyst yielded four amide derivatives of …

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Block Copolymer Stabilized Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanoparticles, Li Zhang Jan 2004

Block Copolymer Stabilized Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanoparticles, Li Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Magnetic materials are currently being developed in the areas of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry for use in applications such as drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic fluids are being used in audio equipment and hard disk drives. Their suspension in a particular fluid is promoted by the adsorption or reaction of steric or electrostatic stabilizers, which are appropriate for the particular medium. Critical to the success of these magnetic fluids is the development of the steric stabilizers, which must prevent the coagulation of the metal particles. Polymeric materials are one of the most suitable nonmagnetic media to disperse the …

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The Design And Development Of A Comprehensive 49 Locus Y-Str Database For Major U.S. Populations, Paulina Niki Berdos Jan 2004

The Design And Development Of A Comprehensive 49 Locus Y-Str Database For Major U.S. Populations, Paulina Niki Berdos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The establishment of a U.S. National Y-STR reference database from a variety of geographically and ethically diverse populations is essential to facilitate the generation of reliable estimates of Y-STR haplotype frequencies. Such multi-locus haplotype frequencies are required to provide a statistical estimate of the significance of a match. Y-STR loci, unlike traditional STR markers, are not independent of one another and are co-inherited as extended haplotypes of linked markers. The estimation of the frequency of occurrence of a particular haplotype therefore necessitates the use of a counting method, which means that the significance of many matches is dependent upon the …

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Mitochondrial Dna Analysis By Pyrosequencing, Patsy-Ann Susan Hastings Jan 2004

Mitochondrial Dna Analysis By Pyrosequencing, Patsy-Ann Susan Hastings

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribo nucleic acid) is typically used in forensic casework when small quantities of high molecular weight quality DNA is not expected to be present thus negating the chances of obtaining usable nuclear DNA. Typical samples that utilized mitochondrial DNA analysis are: hair, bones, teeth, ancient remains (samples or remains that are at least 100 years old) or very old samples (samples that are less than 100 but greater than 10 years old). The current method used to evaluate mitochondrial DNA is Sanger sequencing. Although robust, it is also time consuming and labor intensive, on the other hand pyrosequencing …

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Stability And Recovery Of Rna In Biological Stains, Mindy Eileen Setzer Jan 2004

Stability And Recovery Of Rna In Biological Stains, Mindy Eileen Setzer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In theory, RNA expression patterns, including the presence and relative abundance of particular RNA species, provide cell and tissue specific information that could be of use to forensic scientists. An mRNA based approach could allow the facile identification of the tissue components present in a body fluid stain and conceivably could supplant the battery of serological and biochemical tests currently employed in the forensic serology laboratory. Some of the potential advantages include greater test specificity, and the ability to perform simultaneous analysis using a common assay format for the presence of all body fluids of forensic interest. In this report, …

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Spectroscopic Examination Of The Catalytic Decomposition Of Hydrogen Peroxide By A Copper (Ii) Complex Of A Dissymmetric Schiff Base And An Imidazole Derivative., John D. Davis Jr. Aug 2003

Spectroscopic Examination Of The Catalytic Decomposition Of Hydrogen Peroxide By A Copper (Ii) Complex Of A Dissymmetric Schiff Base And An Imidazole Derivative., John D. Davis Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous studies involving copper (II) complexed with a dissymmetric Schiff base and imidazole derivatives had identified catalase activity of these complexes towards H2O2. Reactions such as this are of great interest due to the important role of copper-based complexes in biological systems. Our research has been conducted to add to the base of knowledge regarding the efforts of other researchers to investigate copper complexes that exhibit similar reactivity as copper-based proteins towards dioxygen. The copper complex chosen for this study contained a tri-dentate Schiff base adduct which, when complexed with an imidazole derivative, limited the manner …

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Synthesis Of Chiral Surfactants For Enantioselective Organic Synthesis., Kalyan Mondal Aug 2003

Synthesis Of Chiral Surfactants For Enantioselective Organic Synthesis., Kalyan Mondal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The first step of the synthesis of the hydrocarbon-based chiral surfactant (2) involved the methylation of (S)-leucinol to give (2S)-N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-pentyl)-2-ammonium bromide (2.92g, 67%). The chiral surfactant was synthesized by reacting (2S)-N,N-dimethyl-2-amino-4-methyl-1-pentanol (1) with bromohexadecane (2.06g, 71%). The functionalized styrene for the polymer supported chiral catalyst (6) was synthesized by reacting (1) with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride. The polymerization was carried out with 10% of the functionalized monomer (5) (1.26g, 70.2%), 5% cross-linking agent divinylbenzene, and 85% of styrene with AIBN as the initiator. The structure of each of the products was confirmed by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The activity of the …

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Theoretical Study On The Mechanism Of Removing Nitrogen Oxides Using Isocyanic Acid., Taraneh Nowroozi-Isfahani Aug 2001

Theoretical Study On The Mechanism Of Removing Nitrogen Oxides Using Isocyanic Acid., Taraneh Nowroozi-Isfahani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The mechanism of RAPRENOx reactions - RAPid REduction of Nitrogen Oxides using Isocyanic acid - proposed by Robert A. Perry1 in an attempt to help control the emission of nitrogen oxides pollutant into the atmosphere, has been re-investigated theoretically. The study of reaction mechanisms was carried out using Chemist software2. All mathematically possible elementary steps have been evaluated and the chemically reasonable ones have been considered to propose new sets of reaction mechanisms. Density Functional Theory (B3LYP/6-31 G**) calculations using Gaussian 983 were made in order to study the relative energies of all species and …

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