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Articles 211 - 240 of 325
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
The Fabrication Of Polymer-Derived Sicn/Sibcn Ceramic Nanostructures And Investigation Of Their Structure-Property Relationship, Sourangsu Sarkar
The Fabrication Of Polymer-Derived Sicn/Sibcn Ceramic Nanostructures And Investigation Of Their Structure-Property Relationship, Sourangsu Sarkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polymer-derived Ceramics (PDCs) represent a unique class of high-temperature stable materials synthesized directly by the thermal decomposition of polymers. This research first focuses on the fabrication of high temperature stable siliconcarbonitride (SiCN) fibers by electrospinning for ceramic matrix composite (CMC) applications. Ceraset™ VL20, a commercially available liquid cyclosilazane, was functionalized with aluminum sec-butoxide in order to be electrospinnable. The surface morphology of the electrospun fibers was investigated using the fibers produced from solvents. The electrospun fibers produced from the chloroform/N,N-dimethylformamide solutions had hierarchical structures that led to superhydrophobic surfaces. A “dry skin” model was proposed to explain the formation of …
Fabrication Of Functional Nanostructures Using Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposites And Reduced Graphene Oxide Assemblies, Anindarupa Chunder
Fabrication Of Functional Nanostructures Using Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposites And Reduced Graphene Oxide Assemblies, Anindarupa Chunder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A wide variety of nanomaterials ranging from polymer assemblies to organic and inorganic nanostructures (particles, wires, rods etc) have been actively pursued in recent years for various applications. The synthesis route of these nanomaterials had been driven through two fundamental approaches - 'Top down' and 'Bottom up'. The key aspect of their application remained in the ability to make the nanomaterials suitable for targeted location by manipulating their structure and functionalizing with active target groups. Functional nanomaterials like polyelectrolyte based multilayered thin films, nanofibres and graphene based composite materials are highlighted in the current research. Multilayer thin films were fabricated …
Simulation Of Photochromic Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Methods, Pansy Patel
Simulation Of Photochromic Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Methods, Pansy Patel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This Thesis describes the systematic theoretical study aimed at prediction of the essential properties for the functional organic molecules that belong to diarylethene (DA) family of compounds. Diarylethenes present the distinct ability to change color under the influence of light, known as photochromism. This change is due to ultrafast chemical transition from open to closed ring isomers (photocyclization). It can be used for optical data storage, photoswitching, and other photonic applications. In this work we apply Density Functional Theory methods to predict 6 of the related properties: (i) molecular geometry; (ii) resonant wavelength; (iii) thermal stability; (iv) fatigue resistance; (v) …
Dft Study Of Geometry And Energetics Of Transition Metal Systems, Satyender Goel
Dft Study Of Geometry And Energetics Of Transition Metal Systems, Satyender Goel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on computational study of the geometry and energetics small molecules and nanoclusters involving transition metals (TM). These clusters may be used for various industrial applications including catalysis and photonics. Specifically, in this work we have studied hydrides and carbides of 3d-transition metal systems (Sc through Cu), small nickel and gold clusters. Qualitatively correct description of the bond dissociation is ensured by allowing the spatial and spin symmetry to break. We have tested applicability of new exchange-correlation functional and alternative theoretical descriptions (spin-contamination correction in broken symmetry DFT and ensemble Kohn-Sham (EKS)) as well. We studies TM hydrides …
Polarization Dependent Two-Photon Absorption Properties Of Chiral Molecules, Carlos Toro
Polarization Dependent Two-Photon Absorption Properties Of Chiral Molecules, Carlos Toro
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror image are named chiral or optically active compound. Over the years, molecular chirality has played an essential role in the understanding of fundamental aspects associated the origin of life, drug and food technologies and, asymmetric catalysis, among others. Moreover, most of the groundbreaking discoveries and advances made in this field have happened due to the development of spectroscopic techniques based on the natural asymmetry of the enantiomers and their ability to preferentially absorb right or left polarized light. For instance, circular dichroism (CD), which measures the difference in absorption between these two states …
Development Of Reductive Metal Systems For The Degradation Of Energetic Compounds (Tatp, Tnt, And Rdx), Rebecca L. Albo
Development Of Reductive Metal Systems For The Degradation Of Energetic Compounds (Tatp, Tnt, And Rdx), Rebecca L. Albo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a cyclic peroxide explosive, is frequently used by terrorists and amateur chemists due to the ease of synthesis and the availability of reagents. TATP is extremely sensitive to shock, heat, and friction thus a safe and rapid method for treating TATP is needed. The major objective of this dissertation was to develop in situ methodologies that could safely degrade TATP in various field situations. Initial studies focused on using zero-valent metals and mechanically alloyed metals to decompose TATP samples in both aqueous and organic solutions. The metal systems tested included zero-valent iron, magnesium, and magnesium bimetal, Mg/Pd. …
Synthesis And Applications Of Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based Functional Block Copolymers, Sanchita Biswas
Synthesis And Applications Of Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based Functional Block Copolymers, Sanchita Biswas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is established as one of the efficient controlled living polymerization methods which have various applications in polymer science and technology fields. The research presented in this dissertation addresses several applications of multifunctional well-defined norbornene-based block copolymers synthesized by ROMP using ruthenium-based Grubbs catalysts. These novel block copolymers were applied to stabilize maghemite nanoparticles, creating the superparamagnetic polymeric nanocomposites. The Jaggregation properties of the porphyrin dyes were improved via self-assembly with a customized norbornene polymer. Novel multimodal copolymer probes were synthesized for two-photon fluorescence integrin-targeted bioimaging. In Chapter 1 a brief overview of ROMP along with …
Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of New Two-Photon Absorbing (2pa) Fluorescent Dyes And Bioconjugates, And Their Applications In Bioimaging, Carolina D. Andrade
Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of New Two-Photon Absorbing (2pa) Fluorescent Dyes And Bioconjugates, And Their Applications In Bioimaging, Carolina D. Andrade
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of new multiphoton absorbing materials has attracted the attention of researchers for the last two decades. The advantages that multiphoton absorbing materials offer, versus their one-photon absorbing counterparts, rely on the nature of the nonlinearity of the absorption process, where two photons are absorbed simultaneously offering increased 3D resolution, deeper penetration, and less photobleaching and photodamage as a result of a more confined excitation. The applications of efficient two-photon absorbing materials have been extensively expanding into the fields of photodynamic therapy, microscopy, and optical data storage. One of the fields where an increased interest in multiphoton absorbing materials …
Development Of Novel Dart Tofms Analytical Techniques For The Identification Of Organic Contamination On Spaceflight-Related Substrates And Aqueous Media, Kathleen Loftin
Development Of Novel Dart Tofms Analytical Techniques For The Identification Of Organic Contamination On Spaceflight-Related Substrates And Aqueous Media, Kathleen Loftin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organic contamination on spaceflight hardware is an ongoing concern for spaceflight safety. In addition, for the goal of analyzing for possible evidence of extra-terrestrial life, it is necessary to consider the presence of terrestrial contamination. This paper will introduce and evaluate a new method using a direct analysis real time (DART) ionization source paired with a high resolution time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for the determination of organic contamination involved in spaceflight hardware and ground support materials. This novel analytical technique has significant advantages over current methodologies. Materials analyzed in this study were historically considered as probable contaminants in …
The Biochemical Reactions Of Dry State Dna, April Marrone
The Biochemical Reactions Of Dry State Dna, April Marrone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The biochemistry of dry state DNA is of interest to the fields of forensics, ancient DNA, and DNA storage. The exact chemical nature of the degradation of the DNA molecule in the dry state has not been studied prior. If determined what chemical changes the DNA molecule undergoes, to what degree and in what time frame then protocols can be implemented to bypass the impact of this damage or to repair it when necessary. It is suspected that similar reactions occur to the dry state DNA molecule as does to the hydrated molecule. It cannot be assumed, however that these …
Application Of Alkylsilane Self-Assembled Monolayers For Cell Patterning And Development Of Biolocial Microelectromechanical Systems, Kerry Wilson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Advances in microfabrication and surface chemistry techniques have provided a new paradigm for the creation of in vitro systems for studying problems in biology and medicine in ways that were previously not practical. The ability to create devices with micro- to nano-scale dimensions provides the opportunity to non-invasively interrogate and monitor biological cells and tissue in large arrays and in a high-throughput manner. These systems hold the potential to, in time, revolutionize the way problems in biology and medicine are studied in the form of point-of-care devices, lab-on-chip devices, and biological microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS). With new in vitro models, it …
Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Property Study And Applcications For Biomolecular Detection And Photothermal Therapy, Xiong Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation presents a systematic study on gold nanoparticles: from their chemical synthesis, modification of surface functionalities, optical properties studies with emphasis on the absorption and scattering properties, to applications of gold nanoparticles in biomolecular detection, imaging and photothermal therapy. In chapter 2, we studied the kinetics of gold nanoparticle growth under Brust-Shiffrin reaction conditions. In chapter 3, we further examined the reaction mechanism and growth kinetics of gold nanoparticles using oleylamine as both a reducing reagent and particle growth passivation ligand. From these two projects, important understanding was revealed on gold nanoparticle formation and growth mechanism. Chapter 4 describes …
Imaging And Spectroscopy Of Conducting Polymer-Fullerene Composite Materials, Daeri Tenery
Imaging And Spectroscopy Of Conducting Polymer-Fullerene Composite Materials, Daeri Tenery
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the development and optical study of conjugated (conducting) polymers it has become apparent that chain conformation and aggregation at the molecular scale result in complex heterogeneous nanostructured bulk materials for which a detailed insight into morphological, spectroscopic as well as optoelectronic properties and mechanisms is overwhelmingly difficult to obtain. Nanoparticles composed of the conjugated polymer poly (MEH-PPV) and nanocomposite nanoparticles consisting of MEH-PPV doped with 1-(3-methoxycarbonylpropyl)-1-phenyl-C61 (PCBM) were prepared as model systems to study these materials at the length scale of one to a few domains. The MEH-PPV and PCBM doped nanoparticles were analyzed by single imaging/particle spectroscopy (SPS) …
Synthesis Of Novel Fluorene-Based Two-Photon Absorbing Molecules And Their Applications In Optical Data Storage, Microfabricatio, Ciceron Yanez
Synthesis Of Novel Fluorene-Based Two-Photon Absorbing Molecules And Their Applications In Optical Data Storage, Microfabricatio, Ciceron Yanez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two-photon absorption (2PA) has been used for a number of scientific and technological applications, exploiting the fact that the 2PA probability is directly proportional to the square of the incident light intensity (while one-photon absorption bears a linear relation to the incident light intensity). This intrinsic property of 2PA leads to 3D spatial localization, important in fields such as optical data storage, fluorescence microscopy, and 3D microfabrication. The spatial confinement that 2PA enables has been used to induce photochemical and photophysical events in increasingly smaller volumes and allowed nonlinear, 2PA-based, technologies to reach sub-diffraction limit resolutions. The primary focus of …
A Preliminary Study Of A Non-Invasive Glucose Sensor Based On A Mercury Sensor, Erin Wood
A Preliminary Study Of A Non-Invasive Glucose Sensor Based On A Mercury Sensor, Erin Wood
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Diabetes mellitus is a potentially lethal disease that affects 7.6 percent of American people. In the US, it is recognized as the 6th leading cause of death. Failure to control blood glucose levels (BGL) in patients with either type of diabetes can lead to other serious complications as well, such as loss of limb, blindness and other health problems. Controlling and monitoring the BGL in post-op and intensive care patients in the hospital is also vital to their health. Currently the most reliable method of monitoring BGL is through an invasive procedure which monitors the amount of glucose in blood …
Room Temperature Synthesis And Systematic Characterization Of Ultra-Small Ceria Nanoparticles, Chetak Patel
Room Temperature Synthesis And Systematic Characterization Of Ultra-Small Ceria Nanoparticles, Chetak Patel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cerium oxide (ceria, CeOâ‚‚) is a rare earth oxide that has attracted wide-spread research interest because of its unique properties such as high mechanical strength, oxygen ion conductivity, oxygen storage capacity and autocatalytic property. In recent years, researchers have discovered that ceria nanoparticles (NPs) are capable of protecting cells from free radical induced damage. Interestingly, it was found that nanometer size (~ 5 nm) ceria can scavenge free radicals quite efficiently, thus acting as an anti-oxidant. This phenomenon has been explained based on the autocatalytic property of ceria NPs. Several methods have been developed for the synthesis of ceria NPs …
Design, Synthesis, And Characterization Of Novel Hydrophilic Fluorene-Based Derivatives For Bioimaging Applications, Dao Nguyen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this work, hydrophilic fluorene-based derivatives that contain ethylene oxide substituents, have been synthesized and characterized for potential use as new fluorophores for bioimaging applications and for fluorescence sensing of heavy metals. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fluorene derivatives based on structural types of acceptor-pi-acceptor, acceptor-pi-donor, and donor-pi-donor were characterized by TGA, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission, lifetime, anisotropy, and two-photon absorption (2PA) cross section. They were found to possess high thermal stability, high photostability, high fluorescence quantum yields, and generally large two-photon absorption cross sections, making them quite suitable for new probes in single-photon absorption and two-photon absorption fluorescence microscopy imaging. Novel …
Room Temperature Fluorescence Spectroscopy As A Tool For The Forensic Trace Analysis Of Textile Fibers, Matthew Rex
Room Temperature Fluorescence Spectroscopy As A Tool For The Forensic Trace Analysis Of Textile Fibers, Matthew Rex
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Trace textile fiber evidence is found at numerous crime scenes and plays an important role in linking a suspect to the respective scene. Several methods currently exist for the analysis of trace fiber evidence. Microscopy provides information regarding the fibers material, color and weave. For more detailed chemical analysis chromatographic methods are employed and for discrimination between dyes, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is currently the method providing the most discrimination. These methods have primarily focused on the dyes used to color the fibers and have not investigated other components that can potentially discriminate among fibers. This dissertation …
The Forensic Analysis Of Triacetone Triperoxide (Tatp) Precursors And Synthetic By-Products, Kimberly Painter
The Forensic Analysis Of Triacetone Triperoxide (Tatp) Precursors And Synthetic By-Products, Kimberly Painter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) is a primary high explosive that can be synthesized using commercially available starting materials and has grown in use among terrorists over the past several years. Additives present in the precursors were investigated to see if they carry through the TATP synthesis and can be detected in the final product potentially aiding in the identification of the source. Additives identified in the acetones were also identified in pre-blast and in some post-blast samples. However, these additives are present in trace quantities relative to the TATP, which coupled with the volatility and short lifetimes of some of the …
Synthesis Of Biocompatible Antioixidant Polymer Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles, Its Oxidase Like Behavior And Cellular Uptake, Atul Asati
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been widely used for various applications such as catalytic converters for automobile exhaust, ultraviolet absorber, and electrolyte in fuel cells. Most recently, cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been employed as potent free-radical scavengers with neuroprotective, radioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles can open new vistas in medicine and biotechnology. The present study utilizes the water-based-wet-chemical method to synthesize biocompatible,stable and highly monodisperse polymer coated cerium oxide nanoparticles. Polymer coated cerium oxide nanoparticles possess all the characteristics of the uncoated cerium oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were found to be effective as pH-dependent antioxidant …
Solution Processible Aromatic Polyimides Via Diels Alder Precursor, Saral Shah
Solution Processible Aromatic Polyimides Via Diels Alder Precursor, Saral Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aromatic polyimides are interesting materials since they possess outstanding key properties such as thermoxidative stability, high mechanical strength, high modulus, excellent electrical properties, and superior chemical resistance. However, their low solubility makes them difficult to characterize, process and obtain high molecular weight polymer. In this report, we synthesized a series of precursor polymers that contains Diels-Alder (DA) adducts of anthracene. Different dienophiles were tried. These precursor polymers are soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and can be easily processed to thin films. Heating the film above 215 degree induce retro-DA reaction, which generated the fully aromatic polyimides in …
Determination Of The Degradation Mechanism For Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners Using Mechanically Alloyed Magnesium/Palladium, Robert Devor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polychlorinated biphenyls are a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that can be found today throughout the world in soils and sediments, lakes and rivers, and flora and fauna. PCBs have percolated throughout the food chain, so that almost every human being has a detectable amount of the contaminant within their blood stream. Existing remediation methods include incineration, dredging and landfilling, and microbial degradation, but all of these methods have drawbacks that limit their effectiveness as treatment options. Recently, the use of zero-valent metals as a means of reductive dechlorination has been explored. Using a combination of zero-valent magnesium and catalytic palladium, a …
Surface Engineering Of Gold Nanoparticles And Their Applications, Qiu Dai
Surface Engineering Of Gold Nanoparticles And Their Applications, Qiu Dai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with their unique sizes, shapes, and properties have generated much enthusiasm over the last two decades, and have been explored for many potential applications. The successful application of AuNPs depends critically on the ability to modify and functionalize their surface to provide stability, compatibility, and special chemical functionality. This dissertation is aimed at exploring the chemical synthesis and surface modification of AuNPs with the effort to (1) control the number of functional groups on the particle surface, and to (2) increase the colloidal stability at the physiological conditions. To control the functionality on the particle surface, a …
Forensic Analysis Of Automobile Paints By Atomic And Molecular Spectroscopic Methods And Statistical Data Analyses, Erin Mcintee
Forensic Analysis Of Automobile Paints By Atomic And Molecular Spectroscopic Methods And Statistical Data Analyses, Erin Mcintee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The analysis of 110 automotive paint samples was conducted for the research presented here. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was the central instrument utilized for analysis although scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) analyses were also performed. Two separate methods of LIBS analysis of samples were used: a cross sectional analysis and a drill down analysis. SEM/EDS analysis focused on the cross section while FTIR-ATR analysis concentrated on the clearcoat layer. Several different data/statistical analyses were evaluated including principal components analysis (PCA), two tailed t-tests based on several …
The Development Of A "Genetic Eyewitness" Profiling System For Low Template Forensic Specimens: Identification Of Novel Protein, Rna, And Dna Biomarkers, Erin Hanson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In many criminal investigations, valuable information regarding the physical appearance of suspected perpetrators or the time and order of events that transpired are provided by eyewitness accounts. However, the information obtained from eyewitnesses is often constrained by human recollection or subjective accounts and provides a biased description of the perpetrator's appearance or an inaccurate time line of events. Additionally, in numerous situations eyewitness accounts may not be available. An increasing reliance therefore is placed on the biological evidence recovered during criminal investigations to act as a silent witness, providing unbiased and scientific information that may aid in the resolution of …
Chromatographic And Mass Spectral Analyses Of Oligosaccharides And Indigo Dye Extracted From Cotton Textiles With Manova And Ano, Jessica Frisch
Chromatographic And Mass Spectral Analyses Of Oligosaccharides And Indigo Dye Extracted From Cotton Textiles With Manova And Ano, Jessica Frisch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research was conducted on thirteen 100% cotton denim samples using an acid wash, established by Murray, to extract oligosaccharides from the cellulosic material. The oligosaccharide ion groups (+, +, and +) for molecules with degrees of polymerization between two and seven (DP2-DP7) were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization interface (LC-ESI-MS). The results were compared using the least-squares means in a Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) test followed by Univariate ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests and demonstrated that the method could correctly determine that two samples were statistically different 85.9% of the time when analyzing the …
Development And Forensic Application Of Dye Probe Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer For Improved Detection Of Changes In Dn, Micah Halpern
Development And Forensic Application Of Dye Probe Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer For Improved Detection Of Changes In Dn, Micah Halpern
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Discovering, screening, and associating changes in DNA sequence are important to a broad range of disciplines and play a central role in Forensic Science. The typical types of changes include sequence variations [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)] and length variations [short tandem repeats (STR)]. The steps for forensic DNA sample processing are similar for both types of changes but diverge at the point of detection. A number of approaches are being explored for SNP genotyping while STR analysis primarily consists of size-based analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Limitations exist for all current detection methods that pose significant impacts to forensic analysis. Bi-allelic …
The Identification Of Ignitable Liquids In The Presence Of Pyrolysis Products: Generation Of A Pyrolysis Product Database, Joseph Castelbuono
The Identification Of Ignitable Liquids In The Presence Of Pyrolysis Products: Generation Of A Pyrolysis Product Database, Joseph Castelbuono
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The fire debris analyst is often faced with the complex problem of identifying ignitable liquid residues in the presence of products produced from pyrolysis and incomplete combustion of common building and furnishing materials. The purpose of this research is to investigate a modified destructive distillation methodology provided by the Florida Bureau of Forensic Fire and Explosive Analysis to produce interfering product chromatographic patterns similar to those observed in fire debris case work. The volatile products generated during heating of substrate materials are extracted from the fire debris by passive headspace adsorption and subsequently analyzed by GC-MS. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) …
Synthesis Of Novel Aziridine Derivatives Of Podocarpic Acid, Stephen Rhoden
Synthesis Of Novel Aziridine Derivatives Of Podocarpic Acid, Stephen Rhoden
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Podocarpic acid (a diterpenoid resin acid extracted from the Podocarpacea specie of plants) has shown cytotoxicity against carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Since this discovery has been made, research has been performed in order to alter the structure of the resin acid so as to increase the anticancer activity. The carboxylic acid and phenol functional groups, which are present in podocarpic acid, make it possible to synthesize new derivatives selectively at the C-15, C-13, and C-7 positions as well as by substitution of the phenol hydroxyl group. Thus numerous derivatives can be prepared, in high yield, for the purpose of investigating …
Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dna Coding Region Snps By Pyrosequencing, Kyle Robert Carl Parker
Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dna Coding Region Snps By Pyrosequencing, Kyle Robert Carl Parker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To date, the use of mitochondrial DNA in forensic analysis has relied on the presence of variations in the control region to differentiate between samples. One problem that this analysis has shown is the occurrence of common Haplogroup H haplotypes or identical sequences. Thus, there is a need to enhance the distinguishing power of this type of analysis. One option has been to investigate the mitochondrial coding region for polymorphisms that could differentiate between samples with identical control region haplotypes. The goal of this study has been to identify polymorphic coding region sites for development in a Pyrosequencing assay that …