Chemistry Commons^™

An X-Ray Study Of The Lead Titanate-Bismuth Chromate System, Tsen-Tsou Shih

Masters Theses

"The lead titanate-bismuth chromate system was studied employing x-ray diffraction techniques at both room and high temperatures. Samples were prepared by sintering stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding oxides followed by air quenching. Bismuth chromate was prepared by resintering and air quenching for four times. The results of the analyses show the structure of BiCrO₃ to be tetragonal with 8 molecules per unit cell. Solid solutions exist over the range 100 to 35 mole percent PbTiO₃ of the binary system, although small amounts of other phases are present in some regions. X-ray data at room temperature indicate the tetragonal perovskite structure …

The Acidic Transformaion Products Of Indoles Formed By Basidiomycetes, Chung-Ke Chang

Masters Theses

"A survey of the ability of basidiomycetes to convert tryptophan, tryptamine and indole acetic acid to other acidic indoles has been made.

The product formed from tryptamine by Tricholoma nudum was identified as indole acetic acid. The product formed by Cantharellus cibarius from D-tryptophan was identified as N-acetyl-D-tryptophan. The products were purified and identified by means of paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and melting points.

The conversion of tryptamine and D-tryptophan was also studied in cultures of Leucopaxillus paradoxus, Hygrophorus conicus and Naucoria confragosa. H. conicus, L. paradoxus and N. confragosa transformed tryptamine and indole acetic acid into …

An Investigation Of The Reaction Of Benzhydryl Chloride With Potassium T-Butoxide In Dmso, Lawson Gibson Wideman

Masters Theses

"The ultimate aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of formation of tetraphenylethylene from benzhydryl chloride and potassium t-butoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide. The development of a suitable technique for following the reaction rate and of an analytical method to determine the extent of the reaction became an important object in this project"--Introduction, page 2.

Infrared Spectra And Magnetic Properties Of Fluorine Substituted Copper (Ii) Alkanoates, Jose G. Rodriguez

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study was to prepare some selected copper(II) fluorcalkanoates, investigate their magnetic susceptibilities, study the infrared spectra of these salts and compare these properties to those of the unfluorinated copper(II) alkanoates….

The experimental data obtained indicate that the copper(II) trifluoroacetate, perfluoropropanoate and perfluorosuccinate does not form a binuclear cage structure. Copper(II) 3-(trifluoromethyl) butanoate with a magnetic moment of 1.4 should possess a binuclear case structure similar to copper( II) acetate monohydrate. The structure for copper( II) perfluoroglutarate monohydrate with a magnetic moment of 1.63 B.M. should have a structure somewhere between the two aforementioned structures"--Abstract, page ii.

A Study Of The Complexes Of Diketocyclobutenediol, Stewart Michael Condren

Masters Theses

"In this study of the complexes of diketocyclobutenediol, squaric acid, the following original compounds were prepared: zirconyl squarate, indium (III) squarate; titanium (III) squarate, ruthenium (III) squarate, tungsten (VI) squarate, vanadium (III) squarate, and niobium (V) squarate, where squarate refers to the dianion of diketocyclobutenediol. Metal analyses were made on all of these except the ruthenium. However, only three of these metal analyses, namely those for titanium (III) squarate, indium (III) squarate, and zirconyl squarate, warrented [sic] further investigation. Carbon and hydrogen analyses were then made for these three compounds. From the percentage compositions, possible structures were proposed.

The tungsten, …

The Separation Of Optical Isomers By Gas Chromatography, Donald Ellis Carpenter

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the separation of optical isomers by gas chromatography. An optically inactive solid support was coated with an optically active substrate. Racemic compounds were used as samples. The optically active packing materials tried were d-tartaric acid, d-diethyl tartrate, sucrose, d-camphoric acid, d-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, α -methyl-D-glucoside and L-(α)-glutamic acid.

Racemic compounds that were tried included 2-butanol, 3-methyl- 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-octanol, 2-bromooctane, 2-methoxy-octane, methyl-2-bromobutyrate, and 3-methylhexane.

It was found that racemic compounds could be separated by using an optically active material for packing in the gas chromatographic columns. Racemic 2-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1- butanol were …

Basic Iron (Iii) Alkanoate Complexes, Young Hee Kim

Masters Theses

"Much information appears in the literature concerning the preparation, properties and structure of the basic iron (III) acetates...This study was initiated to prepare a number of the basic trinuclear iron (III) alkanoate complexes and to investigate the possibility of a common structure for all of these as suggested by the work of Orgel. The structural investigation was done on the basis of stoichiometric relationships, infrared spectra and magnetic moments"--Abstract, pages ii-iii.

Preparation And Spectra Of Some New Alkyl Ammonium Salts Of The Tetrachlorocuprate (Ii) Ion., Paul Douglas Griffin

Masters Theses

"Several compounds containing the complex tetrachlorocuprate(II) anion, CuCl₄⁼, and various alkyl or aryl cations were prepared. These include bis(methylammonium)tetrachlorocuprate(II), bis(isopropylammoniumtetrachlorocuprate(II), 1,3-propanediammoniumtetrachlorocuprate(II), bis(furfuryl-ammonium)tetrachlorocuprate(II), and a series of ethylene ammonium salts. Some unsuccessful and difficult preparations are described. Spectra were taken in acetone, 4-butyrolactone, and methanoleaf An explanation of the effects of various solvents on the absorption spectrum and structure of the complex ion is given"--Abstract, page ii.

The Mechanism Of The Electrooxidation Of Acetylene On Gold, James W. Johnson, J. L. Reed, William Joseph James

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Acetylene has been oxidized anodically in aqueous solutions at 80 °C on gold electrodes. It was found that the partial oxidation to CO₂ was accompanied by a polymer formation. Effects of potential, acetylene partial pressure, pH, and temperature on the rate (current) were measured. A discontinuity in the Tafel curves was noted that indicated a change in the reaction mechanism with potential. The discontinuity was also pH dependent. A mechanism involving the discharge of H₂O and/or OH− has been proposed that is consistent with the experimental results. © 1967, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.

Radial Pressure Gradient In Turbulent Pipe Flow, Gary Kent Patterson, Walter J. Ewbank, Virgil A. Sandborn

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements made with a Prandtl static pressure probe have demonstrated that a radial pressure gradient does exist in turbulent pipe flow with approximately the magnitude predicted by Sandborn from hot-wire anemometry measurements.

The Effect Of Concentration On The Viscosities Of Solutions Of Linear Flexible High Polymers, Lung Yu Chou, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viscosity-concentration results in the moderately concentrated range for four samples of polyisobutylene (molecular weights of 1.3 x 104 to 1.0 x 106) in cyclohexane (concentrations up to 4.7 g./dl.) and in benzene (concentrations up to 7.0 g./dl.) at 24°C. (a theta solvent) showed molecular weight and goodness of solvent dependencies similar to those reported earlier for three other polymers. For polyisobutylene, polystyrene, and a copolymer of styrene and methyl methaerylate in good solvents, viscosity-concentration data plotted as ηsp. C[η] vs. k′[η]C fit a single curve. The linear region of this curve suggests that the Huggins equation is useful to C[η] …

Ferroelectric Properties Of Pbzro₃-Bifeo₃ Solid Solutions, Robert Gerson, Pen-Chu Chou, William Joseph James

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Solid solutions of BiFeO and PbZrO₃ were investigated for crystallographic and dielectric properties. A new pseudocubic perovskite phase was found, which has been tentatively indexed as orthorhombic with the same unit cell as PbZrO₃ but with dielectric properties characteristic of a ferroelectric substance. The Curie point in this series of solid solutions has a minimum of about 155°C at a composition of about (PbZrO₃)_0.80 (BiFeO₃)_0.20, which at room temperature lies on the boundary between the orthorhombic antiferroelectric and the pseudocubic ferroelectric phases. This composition has a relative dielectric constant of 800 …

Study Of Resonance Effects In Allenic And Related Systems, Robert Andrew Steinkamp

Doctoral Dissertations

"In order to investigate the possibility of resonance effects through a non-coplanar substituted acetylene, synthesis of bis-(2,5,8-trimethyl-l-naphthyl)-acetylene was attempted. Condensation of acetylene with 2,5,8-trimethyl-l-tetralone to yield an acetylenic glycol followed by dehydration and dehydrogenation was expected to yield the desired non-coplanar acetylene. Comparison of its ultraviolet spectrum with that of di-l-naphthyl-acetylene would have suggested the true nature of the acetylene pi cloud. The acetylene condensation was unsuccessful, however.

Substituted allenes, which contain one sp hybridized carbon atom, were then successfully synthesized for a similar analysis of potential resonance effects. A series of para-substituted 4-phenyl-2-methylbutadienoic acids were synthesized and their pKa's …

The Activity Of Succinic Dehydrogenase And Indole Acetic Acid Oxidase In Cell-Free Preparations Of Hygrophorous Conicus, Jagdish M. Mehta

Masters Theses

"The enzyme indole acetic acid oxidase is produced by the fungus Hygrophorous conicus when it is grown in the presence of indole acetic acid (IAA) or tryptamine. The IAA acts both as an inducer and a substrate for this intracellular enzyme. The product of the oxidation catalyzed by the IAA oxidase is oxindole acetic acid (OIAA).

The rate of growth and the rate of formation of the enzyme IAA oxidase by H.conicus were studied in different media. Of these, a nitrate medium containing 0.5 per cent Yeast extract (Y.E.) was found to be the best for the production of H.conicus …

Transformations Of Tryptamine And Tryptophan By Basidiomycetes, Hsaio-Lung Cheng

Masters Theses

"The product formed from tryptamine by Trichloloma nudum was identified as indoleacetic acid (IAA) and from tryptophan by Cantharellus cibrarius as indolelactic acid (ILA). The products were extracted from the spent media with organic solvents. Purification and identification of the crystalline transformation products were accomplished by means of paper chromatography, spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography.

The conversion of tryptamine and tryptophan was also studied in cultures of Lencopaxillus paradoxus, Pluteus granularis and Pleuatus ostreatus. Only Pluteus granularis was found to transform tryptamine into IAA. Lencopaxillus paradoxus transformed tryptamine into oxindoleacetic acid (OIAA).

Paper chromatography proved to be useful …

A Graphical Method Of Estimating Heat Capacities Of Hydrocarbons, Pu-Ying Liu

Masters Theses

"Heat capacity arises because the individual particles comprising a substance are able to move and thus take up kinetic energy and usually also potential energy as the temperature rises. In many substances electrons do not absorb energy until very high temperatures are reached. Thus most heat capacity effects are interpreted in terms of the motion of the atoms neglecting electronic transitions. The total internal energy of a material is, therefore, equal to the sum of the energies due to translational and rotational motion of the molecules and to the vibrational motion of the atoms making up the molecules...The objective of …

An X-Ray Study Of The Lead Zirconate-Bismuth Ferrate System, Pen-Chu Chou

Masters Theses

"The lead zirconate-bismuth ferrate system was studied employing x-ray and microscopic analysis. Samples were prepared by sintering stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding oxides followed by air quenching. The results of the analyses show the system to be probably solid solutions over the entire compositional range, although small amounts of other phases are present in some regions.

X-ray data indicate a multiple cell, orthorhombic phase, to exist over the range 100-30 mole percent PbZrO₃ . From 100-82 mole percent PbZrO₃ , the addition of BiFeO₃ reduces the distortion of the phase such that a nearly cubic x-ray pattern is obtained at …

Coprecipitation Of Metal Salts With Organic Coprecipitants, Omar E. El-Arini

Masters Theses

"Coprecipitation studies were carried out for the more insoluble salts of six common metals and five anion systems. Three metal sulfides, namely, CuS, CdS and NiS, were the only metal salts studied that indicated nearly complete coprecipitation with phenolphthalein as carrier precipitate. The same salts showed almost no coprecipitation with B-naphthol as carrier precipitate. Solvent extraction of CuS with chloroform showed no significant amount of extraction had taken place. The data obtained in this work did not disclose any relationship between the extent of coprecipitation and the solubility product constant of the salt present. The main difficulty encountered at this …

Studies On The Conversion Of Indole Acetic Acid And Oxindole Acetic Acid By Hygrophorous Conicus, Barbara Ruth Patterson

Masters Theses

"The fungus, Hygrophorous conicus, produces the enzyme, indole acetic acid oxidase, when grown in the presence of indole acetic acid (IAA) or tryptamine. The IAA acts both as an inducer and a substrate for this intracellular enzyme. The product of the oxidation catalyzed by the IAA oxidase is oxindole acetic acid (OIAA). Since the IAA and OIAA absorb maximally at two different wavelengths the use of spectrophotometric analysis was possible for assaying for the IAA oxidase activity. Paper chromatography was used for qualitative identification of the IAA and OIAA. The rate of growth and the rate of formation of the …

Thermal Hydrolysis And Structure Studies On Cobalt (Ii) Acetate, Russell J. Hesch

Masters Theses

"The object of this study was to investigate the structure of cobalt (II) acetate, isolated from glacial acetic acid, without recourse to standard x-ray methods"--Introduction, page 1.

Stereochemistry Of Chlorinated Diels-Alder Adducts, Harry R. Musser

Masters Theses

"Hexachlorocyclopentadiene and related compounds have been studied extensively in connection with Diels-Alder reactions. Many of the adducts formed are used as intermediates in insecticide syntheses. It is of interest to study the stereochemistry of the adducts of one of the hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivaites. 5,5-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene and various dienophiles, when allowed to react, yield compounds of the bridges bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene series. The study of the endo and/or exo configuration of various functional groups such as carboxyl, aldehyde, and hydroxymethyl can be related to the known exo-5-hydroxymethyl1-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobicyclo-[2.2.1] help-2-ene-7-one"--Introduction, page [1].

I. An Investigation Of The Organic Compounds In The Media And Mycelium Of Naucoria Confragosa. Ii. Study Of The Extra-Cellular Pigments Of An Unknown Fungus, Yueh-Tsun Chen

Masters Theses

"The fungal metabolites excreted into the culture fluid by basidiomycetes growing on synthetic glucose media as well as formed in the mycelia of the organisms were investigated in this thesis. Earlier unpublished work had shown that Maucoria confragosa excreted into the medium compounds which were thought to be phenols. Insufficient material was recovered from an ethyl acetate extract of the medium in the present study for further investigation. Colorimetric methods were employed both for the quantitative estimation of reducing sugar not consumed by the microorganisms as well as for a measure of the total organic solids present in the spent …

Distribution Of Sodium Perchlorate Between Tributyl Phosphate And Water, John A. Tengler

Masters Theses

"The questions posed by Carroll (23) concerning a TBP-H₂O system and an alkali salt -which is appreciably soluble in TBP have been partially answered by the experiments described in this thesis"--Conclusions, page 38.

Correlation Between Drying Times Of A Vinyl Copolymer Solution And Properties Of Dried Films., Abd El-Rahman M. Naser

Masters Theses

"One of the common methods used in film formation is the solvent evaporation method. As the evaporation starts the viscosity increases due to the inability of the solvent to keep the chains apart, which leads to a drag between molecules.

The rate of evaporation of the solvent (loss of solvent) cannot be equated with the rate of drying, since the latter depends on the results of the loss of solvents in terms of viscosity and plastic properties. The drying time can be defined as the rate at which a film increases its viscosity and thus changes the properties of a …

Solubility And Structure Studies Of Nickel (Ii) Acetate, Richard J. Baird

Masters Theses

"The effects of ammonium acetate on the solubility of anhydrous nickel (II) acetate in anhydrous acetic acid was investigated and was found to behave similar to the zinc (II), copper (II), and cobalt (II) systems. Problems with equilibrium, encountered by previous investigators, were overcome. The determination of the structure of nickel (II) acetate hemiacetate was atacked by infrared studies, preparation of adducts, cryoscopic studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and absorption spectra. It was found that nickel (II) acetate hemiacetate is octahedrally coordinated with two coordination sites vacant. It was shown that the binuclear cage structure common to copper (II), chromium (II), …

Magnetic Structure Investigations At The Nuclear Center, R. Ballestracci, E. F. Bertaut, J. Coing-Boyat, A. Delapalme, William Joseph James, R. Lemaire, R. Pauthenet, G. Roult

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The magnetic structure of the compounds UOS, ß-CoSO₄, YCO₅, and HoCO₅ is briefly described.

UOS is antiferromagnetic. The Néel temperature is T_n=55°K. The magnetic cell is doubled in the c direction with a ++ - - sequence of U moments along c. The apparent spin is S∼1. The negative interaction corresponds to U-O-U links.

In ß-CoSO₄ (high-temperature modification, space group Pbnm), Co atoms are in 000, 00½, ½½½, ½½0. Here three different antiferromagnetic spin modes, mutually perpendicular, A_x(+ - - +), G_y(+-+-), and C_z(++ - - …

The Reaction Of Sodium Iodide In Acetone With Halogenated Epoxides -- A Mechanism Study, Thomas E. Breuer

Masters Theses

"l-bromo-2,3-epoxybutane reacted with sodium iodide in acetone to give 3-iodo-l,2-epoxybutane in 70.1 per cent yield. 3-bromo-l,2-epoxybutane produced l-iodo-2,3-epoxybutane in 69.9 per cent yield when it was allowed to react with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone. No other product could be isolated after either reaction, although it is possible that another compound may have been produced in very small amounts. The iodoepoxides were oxidized to the corresponding α-iodoacid in approximately ninety per cent yield by silver oxide"--Summary, page 40.

The Anodic Dissolution Of Zinc In Aqueous Solutions, Glenn E. Stoner

Masters Theses

"The increasing demand for protective metals as coatings and non-corrosive alloys has stimulated extensive research on the fundamental behavior of metals in corrosive media.

One of the problems still unsolved is the nature of the mechanism of the anodic dissolution of metals like zinc, magnesium, beryllium, cadmium, and aluminum in aqueous salt solutions. Several schools of investigators have proposed different and opposing theories to explain the discrepancies which often arise between coulometric data and the weight loss of metal electrodes in certain salt solutions.

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain experimental data for the anodic dissolution of zinc …

Permeation Of Water Vapor Through Linear Polymer Films, Mohammed S. Rifai

Masters Theses

"Film formation from thermoplastic resin solutions Is Influenced by secondary intermolecular forces. Consider what may happen when organic coatings change from a liquid to a solid state. In the liquid state it is logical to consider the linear polymer molecules as agglomerates being dispersed in the volatile component rather than being present In solution. These molecular agglomerates are referred to as micelles. They have various degrees of orientation depending on the extent and the location of dipole forces in both polymer and solvent molecules.

When a coating is applied the solvent starts to evaporate and the micelles are driven closer …

The Separation Of Germanium From Lead, Cadmium, And Zinc By Ion Exchange, Myra Sue Anderson

Masters Theses

"The object of this study was to investigate the ion exchange behavior of germanium in order to find a quantitative separation method applicable to the analysis of germanium in zinc ores.

Germanium had been predicted and described as eka-silicon by Mendeleeff, and was discovered by Winkler in 1886. The importance of the metal has increased very much since World War II because of its use as a semiconductor in diodes and transistors.

All commercial scale germanium is now produced as a by-product of base metal processing. Although the United States Bureau of Mines is conducting a program for the recovery …