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Articles 151 - 180 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Hyaluronan Rafts On Airway Epithelial Cells, Amineh M. Abbadi Jan 2014

Hyaluronan Rafts On Airway Epithelial Cells, Amineh M. Abbadi

ETD Archive

Many cells, including murine airway epithelial cells, respond to a variety of inflammatory stimuli by synthesizing leukocyte-adhesive hyaluronan cables that remain attached to their cell surfaces. This study shows that air-liquid interface cultures of murine airway epithelial cells (AECs) also actively synthesize and release a majority of their HA onto their ciliated apical surfaces to form a heavy chain-hyaluronan (HC-HA) matrix in the absence of inflammatory stimuli. These matrices do not resemble the rope-like HA cables, but occur in distinct sheets, or rafts, that can capture and embed leukocytes from cell suspensions. The HC-HA modification involves the transfer of heavy …

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Enzyme-Based Nitric Oxide Releasing Thin Films And Scaffolds, Mutha Merenna Nuwan Bhagya Gunasekera Jan 2014

Enzyme-Based Nitric Oxide Releasing Thin Films And Scaffolds, Mutha Merenna Nuwan Bhagya Gunasekera

ETD Archive

Nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) embedded in thin films and scaffolds, when exposed to a solution of its substrate arginine, a source of reducing equivalents, and other required ingredients of the NOS reaction, can release fluxes of nitric oxide (NO). The latter is a molecule known to counteract platelet aggregation, and thus can prevent the thrombosis cascade on the surfaces of implantable medical devices. Therefore NO antithrombogenic regimens such as active coatings and embedded scaffolds have the potential to increase the lifespan of implantable biomaterials. Layer-by-layer electrostatic adsorption allows for assembly of multi-component protein/polyelectrolytes nanostructured films. Electrospun fiber matrices may …

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Magnesium As A Regulator Of Hepatic Nadph In The Hepatocyte :;Prospective Roles Of Magnesium In Diabetes And Obesity Onset, Chesinta B. Voma Jan 2014

Magnesium As A Regulator Of Hepatic Nadph In The Hepatocyte :;Prospective Roles Of Magnesium In Diabetes And Obesity Onset, Chesinta B. Voma

ETD Archive

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Rnase L In Thymic Homeostasis And Humoral Responses, Lin Zhang Jan 2014

The Role Of Rnase L In Thymic Homeostasis And Humoral Responses, Lin Zhang

ETD Archive

RNase L is highly expressed in the spleen, thymus, and multiple immune cells, suggesting that it may play an important role in the immune system against microbes. Previous studies in the lab have shown that deficiency of RNase L results in enlarged thymuses in mice at young age. However, relatively little is known about its influence on the thymic development and adaptive immunogenicity. The present Ph.D. study focuses on investigating the role of RNase L in the thymic homeostasis and humoral immune responses, thereby gaining new insights into the molecular aspects in thymocyte development, maturation and adaptive immunity.By using RNase …

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Effects Of Shear Stress On The Distribution Of Kindlins In Endothelial Cells, Sidney V. Jones Jan 2014

Effects Of Shear Stress On The Distribution Of Kindlins In Endothelial Cells, Sidney V. Jones

ETD Archive

Endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to changes in shear stress under a variety of physiological and pathological circumstances and respond by changing their shape, gene expression and cytoskeletal arrangement. Integrins are central mediators of these mechanotransduction responses of ECs and integrin function is in turn controlled by interaction of their short cytoplasmic tails with cytoplasmic binding partners. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the kindlin family members, known cytoplasmic tail binding proteins, as regulators of integrin function. Our lab has previously shown that kindlin-2 (K2) and kindlin-3 (K3) are both expressed and functionally significant for integrin mediated cellular events …

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Synthesis And Evaluation Of Some New Aza-B-Homocholestane Derivatives As Anticancer Agents, Yanmin Huang, Jianguo Cui, Sijing Chen, Qifu Lin, Huacan Song, Chunfang Gan, Bin Su, Aimin Zhou Jan 2014

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Some New Aza-B-Homocholestane Derivatives As Anticancer Agents, Yanmin Huang, Jianguo Cui, Sijing Chen, Qifu Lin, Huacan Song, Chunfang Gan, Bin Su, Aimin Zhou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Using analogues of some marine steroidal oximes as precursors, a series of aza-B-homocholestane derivatives possessing different substituted groups at the 3-position of the steroidal nucleus were synthesized. Their biological activity against cancer cell proliferation was determined with multiple cancer cell lines. Aza-B-homocholestane derivatives possessing 3-hydroxyl, 3-hydroximino and 3-thiosemicarbazone groups displayed remarkable cytotoxicity to cancer cells via apoptosis inducing mechanism. Compounds 5, 10, 12, 15 and 18 exhibited better potency to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, compound 15 was further evaluated with three dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids assay to determine its potency against spheroid growth. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) generated …

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Quantification Of Free Sialic Acid In Human Plasma Through A Robust Quinoxalinone Derivatization And Lc–Ms/Ms Using Isotope-Labeled Standard Calibration, Dan Wang, Xiang Zhou, Lin Wang, Sihe Wang, Xue-Long Sun Jan 2014

Quantification Of Free Sialic Acid In Human Plasma Through A Robust Quinoxalinone Derivatization And Lc–Ms/Ms Using Isotope-Labeled Standard Calibration, Dan Wang, Xiang Zhou, Lin Wang, Sihe Wang, Xue-Long Sun

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We report an accurate quantification of free sialic acid (SA) in human plasma using LC–MS/MS method with isotope-labeled standard calibration (ILSC) and robust derivatization. Specifically, derivatization of SA with a stable and inexpensive 3,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) provides a stable product of SA with high MS response, proving a convenient and cost-effective LC–MS/MS analysis of free SA. In addition, the use of 13C3-SA as calibration standard ensured the accuracy for the measurement. This assay used ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for separation of native/labeled SA and IS from matrix interference, and employed mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring …

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Glyco-Modification Of Protein With O-Cyanate Chain-End Functionalized Glycopolymer Via Isourea Bond Formation, Valentinas Gruzdys, Hailong Zhang, Xue-Long Sun Jan 2014

Glyco-Modification Of Protein With O-Cyanate Chain-End Functionalized Glycopolymer Via Isourea Bond Formation, Valentinas Gruzdys, Hailong Zhang, Xue-Long Sun

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Glycoengineering aimed at addition of carbohydrates to proteins is an attractive approach to alter pharmacokinetic properties of proteins such as enhancing stability and prolonging the duration of action. We report a novel protein glyco-modification of BSA and recombinant thrombomodulin with O-cyanate chain-end functionalized glycopolymer via isourea bond formation. The protein glycoconjugates were confirmed by SDS-PAGE, western blot, and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Protein C activation activity of the glyco-modified recombinant thrombomodulin was confirmed, proving no interference to activity from the glycopolymer modification. The isourea bond formation under mild conditions was demonstrated as an alternative method for protein modification with polymers.

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A Kinetic Analysis Of The Inhibition Of Fox-4 Β-Lactamase, A Plasmid-Mediated Ampc Cephalosporinase, By Monocyclic Β-Lactams And Carbapenems, Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Susana Mallo, Christopher R. Bethel, Magdalena A. Taracila, Andrea M. Hujer, Ana Fernandez, Julian A. Gatta, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Xu, Malcolm G.P. Page, Eric Desarbre, German Bou, Robert A. Bonomo Jan 2014

A Kinetic Analysis Of The Inhibition Of Fox-4 Β-Lactamase, A Plasmid-Mediated Ampc Cephalosporinase, By Monocyclic Β-Lactams And Carbapenems, Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Susana Mallo, Christopher R. Bethel, Magdalena A. Taracila, Andrea M. Hujer, Ana Fernandez, Julian A. Gatta, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Xu, Malcolm G.P. Page, Eric Desarbre, German Bou, Robert A. Bonomo

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Abstract: Objectives: Class C β-lactamases are prevalent among Enterobacteriaceae; however, these enzymes are resistant to inactivation by commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors. In order to find novel scaffolds to inhibit class C β-lactamases, the comparative efficacy of monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics (aztreonam and the siderophore monosulfactam BAL30072), the bridged monobactam β-lactamase inhibitor BAL29880, and carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem and ertapenem) were tested in kinetic assays against FOX-4, a plasmid-mediated class C β-lactamase (pmAmpC). Methods: The FOX-4 β-lactamase was purified. Steady-state kinetics, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ultraviolet difference (UVD) spectroscopy were conducted using the β-lactam scaffolds described. Results: The Ki values …

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Metabolomic Analysis Of Liver Tissue From The Vx2 Rabbit Model Of Secondary Liver Tumors, R. Ibarra, J. E. Dazard, Y. Sandlers, F. Rehman, R. Abbas, R. Kombu, G. F. Zhang, H. Brunengraber, J. Sanabria Jan 2014

Metabolomic Analysis Of Liver Tissue From The Vx2 Rabbit Model Of Secondary Liver Tumors, R. Ibarra, J. E. Dazard, Y. Sandlers, F. Rehman, R. Abbas, R. Kombu, G. F. Zhang, H. Brunengraber, J. Sanabria

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Purpose. The incidence of liver neoplasms is rising in USA. The purpose of this study was to determine metabolic profiles of liver tissue during early cancer development. Methods. We used the rabbit VX2 model of liver tumors (LT) and a control group consisting of sham animals implanted with Gelfoam into their livers (LG). After two weeks from implantation, liver tissue from lobes with and without tumor was obtained from experimental animals (LT+/LT-) as well as liver tissue from controls (LG+/LG-). Peaks obtained by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry were subjected to identification. 56 metabolites were identified and their profiles compared between groups …

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Amino Acid Region 1000–1008 Of Factor V Is A Dynamic Regulator For The Emergence Of Procoagulant Activity, Joesph R. Wiencek, Mahesheema Na, Jamila Hirbawi, Michael Kalafatis Dec 2013

Amino Acid Region 1000–1008 Of Factor V Is A Dynamic Regulator For The Emergence Of Procoagulant Activity, Joesph R. Wiencek, Mahesheema Na, Jamila Hirbawi, Michael Kalafatis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Single chain factor V (fV) circulates as an Mr 330,000 quiescent pro-cofactor. Removal of the B domain and generation of factor Va (fVa) are vital for procoagulant activity. We investigated the role of the basic amino acid region 1000-1008 within the B domain of fV by constructing a recombinant mutant fV molecule with all activation cleavage sites (Arg(709)/Arg(1018)/Arg(1545)) mutated to glutamine (fV(Q3)), a mutant fV molecule with region 1000-1008 deleted (fV(ΔB9)), and a mutant fV molecule containing the same deletion with activation cleavage sites changed to glutamine (fV(ΔB9/Q3)). The recombinant molecules along with wild type fV (fV(WT)) were transiently expressed …

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Lack Of Rnase L Attenuates Macrophage Functions, Xin Yi, Chun Zeng, Hongli Liu, Xiaoli Chen, Ping Zhang, Boo Seok Yun, Ge Jin, Aimin Zhou Dec 2013

Lack Of Rnase L Attenuates Macrophage Functions, Xin Yi, Chun Zeng, Hongli Liu, Xiaoli Chen, Ping Zhang, Boo Seok Yun, Ge Jin, Aimin Zhou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Background: Macrophages are one of the major cell types in innate immunity against microbial infection. It is believed that the expression of proinflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL–6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) by macrophages is also crucial for activation of both innate and adaptive immunities. RNase L is an interferon (IFN) inducible enzyme which is highly expressed in macrophages. It has been demonstrated that RNase L regulates the expression of certain inflammatory genes. However, its role in macrophage function is largely unknown. Methodology: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were generated from RNase L+/+and −/− mice. The migration …

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Can Inhibitor-Resistant Substitutions In The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Β-Lactamase Blac Lead To Clavulanate Resistance?: A Biochemical Rationale For The Use Of Β-Lactam–Β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations, Sebastian G. Kurz, Kerstin A. Wolff, Saugata Hazra, Christopher R. Bethel, Andrea M. Hujer, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Xu, Lee W. Tremblay, John S. Blanchard, Liem Nguyen, Robert A. Bonomo Dec 2013

Can Inhibitor-Resistant Substitutions In The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Β-Lactamase Blac Lead To Clavulanate Resistance?: A Biochemical Rationale For The Use Of Β-Lactam–Β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations, Sebastian G. Kurz, Kerstin A. Wolff, Saugata Hazra, Christopher R. Bethel, Andrea M. Hujer, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Xu, Lee W. Tremblay, John S. Blanchard, Liem Nguyen, Robert A. Bonomo

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The current emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis calls for novel treatment strategies. Recently, BlaC, the principal β-lactamase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was recognized as a potential therapeutic target. The combination of meropenem and clavulanic acid, which inhibits BlaC, was found to be effective against even extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains when tested in vitro. Yet there is significant concern that drug resistance against this combination will also emerge. To investigate the potential of BlaC to evolve variants resistant to clavulanic acid, we introduced substitutions at important amino acid residues of M. tuberculosis BlaC (R220, A244, S130, and …

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Cyclometalated Iridium(Iii) Complexes With Deoxyribose Substituents, Ayan Maity, Jung-Suk Choi, Thomas S. Teets, Nihal Deligonul, Anthony J. Berdis, Thomas G. Gray Nov 2013

Cyclometalated Iridium(Iii) Complexes With Deoxyribose Substituents, Ayan Maity, Jung-Suk Choi, Thomas S. Teets, Nihal Deligonul, Anthony J. Berdis, Thomas G. Gray

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Fundamental study of enzymatic nucleoside transport suffers for lack of optical probes that can be tracked noninvasively. Nucleoside transporters are integral membrane glycoproteins that mediate the salvage of nucleosides and their passage across cell membranes. The substrate recognition site is the deoxyribose sugar, often with little distinction among nucleobases. Reported here are nucleoside analogues in which emissive, cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are “clicked” to C-1 of deoxyribose in place of canonical nucleobases. The resulting complexes show visible luminescence at room temperature and 77 K with microsecond-length triplet lifetimes. A representative complex is crystallographically characterized. Transport and luminescence are demonstrated in cultured …

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Function And Distribution Of Apolipoprotein A1 In The Artery Wall Are Markedly Distinct From Those In Plasma, Joseph A. Didonato, Ying Huang, Kulwant S. Aulak, Orli Even-Or, Gary Gerstenecker, Valentin Gogonea, Yuping Wu, Paul L. Fox, W.H. Wilson Tang, Edward F. Plow, Jonathan D. Smith, Edward A. Fisher, Stanley L. Hazen Oct 2013

Function And Distribution Of Apolipoprotein A1 In The Artery Wall Are Markedly Distinct From Those In Plasma, Joseph A. Didonato, Ying Huang, Kulwant S. Aulak, Orli Even-Or, Gary Gerstenecker, Valentin Gogonea, Yuping Wu, Paul L. Fox, W.H. Wilson Tang, Edward F. Plow, Jonathan D. Smith, Edward A. Fisher, Stanley L. Hazen

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Background—Prior studies show that apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) recovered from human atherosclerotic lesions is highly oxidized. Ex vivo oxidation of apoA1 or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cross-links apoA1 and impairs lipid binding, cholesterol efflux, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activities of the lipoprotein. Remarkably, no studies to date directly quantify either the function or HDL particle distribution of apoA1 recovered from the human artery wall. Methods and Results—A monoclonal antibody (10G1.5) was developed that equally recognizes lipid-free and HDL-associated apoA1 in both native and oxidized forms. Examination of homogenates of atherosclerotic plaque–laden aorta showed >100-fold enrichment of apoA1 compared with normal aorta (P<0.001). Surprisingly, buoyant density fractionation revealed that only a minority (<3% of total) of apoA1 recovered from either lesions or normal aorta resides within an HDL-like particle (1.063≤d≤1.21). In contrast, the majority (>90%) …

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Comparison Of Arsenic Uptake And Oxidative Stress By Christmas Fern And Spider Brake Fern, Paul Lkanich, Pratheek Koneru, Robert Wei Sep 2013

Comparison Of Arsenic Uptake And Oxidative Stress By Christmas Fern And Spider Brake Fern, Paul Lkanich, Pratheek Koneru, Robert Wei

Undergraduate Research Posters 2013

Plants are widely considered the most cost effective and environmentally friendly way to clean soils and waters contaminated with toxic metals, e.g. arsenic and mercury. We have focused our research on the uptake of arsenic and its biochemical effect on two species of fern, Spider brake fern and Christmas fern. Spider brake fern is known to be capable of accumulating significant amounts of arsenic. We wish to determine whether the levels of arsenic uptake in Christmas fern are comparable to Spider Brake fern (>1g kg-1 plant biomass) when both are grown under the same conditions. Another aim of the …

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Climate Change From Oxygen Isotopic Variation Of Pore Water From Sediments In Punderson Lake, Northeast Ohio, Rachel Daley, Fasong Yuan Sep 2013

Climate Change From Oxygen Isotopic Variation Of Pore Water From Sediments In Punderson Lake, Northeast Ohio, Rachel Daley, Fasong Yuan

Undergraduate Research Posters 2013

The environment in Ohio has changed over time. The hydroclimate, which is the climate of the water, shows changes from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Evidence for these changes can be found in levels of δ18O and δ2H isotopes in the layers of sediment and water in the lakes of Northeast Ohio. Mass spectrometry can be used to test the levels of δ18O and δ2H isotopes from pore water samples within sediment cores. In this study, surface soil and water samples were collected from cores in Punderson Lake at Punderson State Park in Newbury, Ohio. Pore water was extracted …

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Myeloperoxidase, Paraoxonase-1, And Hdl Form A Functional Ternary Complex, Ying Huang, Zhiping Wu, Meliana Riwanto, Shengqiang Gao, Bruce S. Levison, Xiaodong Gu, Xiaoming Fu, Matthew A. Wagner, Christian Besler, Gary Gerstenecker, Renliang Zhang, Xin Min Li, Anthony J. Didonato, Valentin Gogonea, W.H. Wilson Tang, Jonathan D. Smith, Edward F. Plow, Paul L. Fox, Diana M. Shih, Aldons J. Lusis, Edward A. Fisher, Joseph A. Didonato, Ulf Landmesser, Stanley L. Hazen Sep 2013

Myeloperoxidase, Paraoxonase-1, And Hdl Form A Functional Ternary Complex, Ying Huang, Zhiping Wu, Meliana Riwanto, Shengqiang Gao, Bruce S. Levison, Xiaodong Gu, Xiaoming Fu, Matthew A. Wagner, Christian Besler, Gary Gerstenecker, Renliang Zhang, Xin Min Li, Anthony J. Didonato, Valentin Gogonea, W.H. Wilson Tang, Jonathan D. Smith, Edward F. Plow, Paul L. Fox, Diana M. Shih, Aldons J. Lusis, Edward A. Fisher, Joseph A. Didonato, Ulf Landmesser, Stanley L. Hazen

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are high-density lipoprotein–associated (HDL-associated) proteins mechanistically linked to inflammation, oxidant stress, and atherosclerosis. MPO is a source of ROS during inflammation and can oxidize apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) of HDL, impairing its atheroprotective functions. In contrast, PON1 fosters systemic antioxidant effects and promotes some of the atheroprotective properties attributed to HDL. Here, we demonstrate that MPO, PON1, and HDL bind to one another, forming a ternary complex, wherein PON1 partially inhibits MPO activity, while MPO inactivates PON1. MPO oxidizes PON1 on tyrosine 71 (Tyr71), a modified residue found in human atheroma that is critical for …

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Thermodynamic Characterization Of Five Key Kinetic Parameters That Define Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Catalysis, Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque, Jesus Tejero, Mekki Bayachou, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Mohammed Fadlalla, Dennis J. Stuehr Sep 2013

Thermodynamic Characterization Of Five Key Kinetic Parameters That Define Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Catalysis, Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque, Jesus Tejero, Mekki Bayachou, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Mohammed Fadlalla, Dennis J. Stuehr

Chemistry Faculty Publications

NO synthase (NOS) enzymes convert L-arginine to NO in two sequential reactions whose rates (kcat1 and kcat2) are both limited by the rate of ferric heme reduction (kr). An enzyme ferric heme –NO complex forms as an immediate product complex and then undergoes either dissociation (at a rate that we denote as kd) to release NO in a productive manner, or reduction (kr) to form a ferrous heme –NO complex that must react with O2 (at a rate that we denote as kox) in a NO dioxygenase reaction that regenerates the ferric enzyme. The interplay of these five kinetic parameters …

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A Phase 1 Study Of Trc102, An Inhibitor Of Base Excision Repair, And Pemetrexed In Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors, Michael S. Gordon, Lee S. Rosen, David Mendelson, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Jonathan Goldman, Lili Liu, Yan Xu, Stanton L. Gerson, Stephen P. Anthony, William D. Figg, Shawn Spencer, Bonne J. Adams, Charles P. Theuer, Bryan R. Leigh, Glen J. Weiss Jun 2013

A Phase 1 Study Of Trc102, An Inhibitor Of Base Excision Repair, And Pemetrexed In Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors, Michael S. Gordon, Lee S. Rosen, David Mendelson, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Jonathan Goldman, Lili Liu, Yan Xu, Stanton L. Gerson, Stephen P. Anthony, William D. Figg, Shawn Spencer, Bonne J. Adams, Charles P. Theuer, Bryan R. Leigh, Glen J. Weiss

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Introduction TRC102 potentiates the activity of cancer therapies that induce base excision repair (BER) including antimetabolite and alkylating agents. TRC102 rapidly and covalently binds to apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites generated during BER, and TRC102-bound DNA causes topoisomerase II-dependent irreversible strand breaks and apoptosis. This study assessed the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TRC102 alone and in combination with pemetrexed. Purpose Patients with advanced solid tumors received oral TRC102 daily for 4 days. Two weeks later, patients began standard-dose pemetrexed on day 1 in combination with oral TRC102 on days 1 to 4. The pemetrexed-TRC102 combination was repeated every …

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Polymerized Hemin As An Electrocatalytic Platform For Peroxynitrite's Oxidation And Detection, Serban F. Peteu, Tiyash Bose, Mekki Bayachou May 2013

Polymerized Hemin As An Electrocatalytic Platform For Peroxynitrite's Oxidation And Detection, Serban F. Peteu, Tiyash Bose, Mekki Bayachou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) constitutes a major cytotoxic agent, implicated in a host of pathophysiological conditions, thereby stimulating a tremendous interest in evaluating its role as an oxidant in vivo. Some of the detection methods for peroxynitrite include oxidation of fluorescent probes, EPR spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, immunohistochemistry, and probe nitration; however, these are more difficult to apply for real-time quantification due to their inherent complexity. The electrochemical detection of peroxynitrite is a simpler and more convenient technique, but the best of our knowledge there are only few papers to date studying its electrochemical signature, or reporting amperometric microsensors for peroxynitrite. Recently, we have …

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The Low-Resolution Structure Of Nascent High Density Lipoprotein Reconstituted With Dmpc With And Without Cholesterol Reveals A Mechanism For Particle Expansion, Valentin Gogonea, Gary S. Gerstenecker, Zhiping Wu, Xavier Lee, Celalettin Topbas, Matthew A. Wagner, Thomas C. Tallant, Jonathan D. Smith, Phil Callow, Vitaliy Pipich, Helen Malet, Guy Schoehn, Joseph A. Didonato, Stanley L. Hazen Apr 2013

The Low-Resolution Structure Of Nascent High Density Lipoprotein Reconstituted With Dmpc With And Without Cholesterol Reveals A Mechanism For Particle Expansion, Valentin Gogonea, Gary S. Gerstenecker, Zhiping Wu, Xavier Lee, Celalettin Topbas, Matthew A. Wagner, Thomas C. Tallant, Jonathan D. Smith, Phil Callow, Vitaliy Pipich, Helen Malet, Guy Schoehn, Joseph A. Didonato, Stanley L. Hazen

Chemistry Faculty Publications

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are athero-protective particles under investigation as potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. We applied small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation to obtain the low resolution structure of nascent HDL (nHDL) reconstituted with dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), apoA1:DMPC (1:80, mol:mol). The overall shape of the entire particle is discoidal, with low resolution architecture of apoA1 visualized as an open, contorted, and slightly out of plane structure with three arms, while the low resolution shape of the lipid phase is an oblate ellipsoid that fits well within the protein shape. Modeling studies incorporating the SANS data …

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Insights Into The Roles Of Desolvation And Π-Electron Interactions During Dna Polymerization, Edward A. Motea, Irene Lee, Anthony J. Berdis Mar 2013

Insights Into The Roles Of Desolvation And Π-Electron Interactions During Dna Polymerization, Edward A. Motea, Irene Lee, Anthony J. Berdis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

This report describes the use of several isosteric non-natural nucleotides as probes to evaluate the roles of nucleobase shape, size, solvation energies, and π-electron interactions as forces influencing key kinetic steps of the DNA polymerization cycle. Results are provided using representative high- and low-fidelity DNA polymerases. Results generated with the E. coli Klenow fragment reveal that this high-fidelity polymerase utilizes hydrophobic nucleotide analogues with higher catalytic efficiencies compared to hydrophilic analogues. These data support a major role for nucleobase desolvation during nucleotide selection and insertion. In contrast, the low-fidelity HIV-1 reverse transcriptase discriminates against hydrophobic analogues and only tolerates non-natural …

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Development, Validation And Pilot Screening Of An In Vitro Multi-Cellular Three-Dimensional Cancer Spheroid Assay For Anti-Cancer Drug Testing, Rati Lama, Lin Zhang, Janine M. Naim, Jennifer Williams, Aimin Zhou, Bin Su Feb 2013

Development, Validation And Pilot Screening Of An In Vitro Multi-Cellular Three-Dimensional Cancer Spheroid Assay For Anti-Cancer Drug Testing, Rati Lama, Lin Zhang, Janine M. Naim, Jennifer Williams, Aimin Zhou, Bin Su

Chemistry Faculty Publications

It has been demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cancer cell proliferation assay for anti-cancer drug screening is a very artificial model and cannot represent the characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) solid tumors. The multi-cellular in vitro 3D tumor spheroid model is of intermediate complexity, and can provide a bridge to the gap between the complex in vivo tumors and simple in vitro monolayer cell cultures. In this study, a simple and cost-effective cancer 3D spheroid assay suitable for small molecule anti-cancer compound screening was developed, standardized and validated on H292 non-small lung cancer cell line. A pilot screening with this assay …

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Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Chain-End Functionalized Glyco-Polymer For Efficient Proteomic Analysis, Satya Nandana Narla Jan 2013

Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Chain-End Functionalized Glyco-Polymer For Efficient Proteomic Analysis, Satya Nandana Narla

ETD Archive

No abstract provided.

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Peroxynitrite Activity Of Hemin-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide, Raluca Oprea, Serban F. Peteu, Palaniappan Subramanian, Wang Qi, Emmanualle Pichonat, Henri Happy, Mekki Bayachou, Rabah Boukherroub, Sabine Szunerits Jan 2013

Peroxynitrite Activity Of Hemin-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide, Raluca Oprea, Serban F. Peteu, Palaniappan Subramanian, Wang Qi, Emmanualle Pichonat, Henri Happy, Mekki Bayachou, Rabah Boukherroub, Sabine Szunerits

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Conducting interfaces modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have shown improved electrochemical response for different analytes. The efficient formation of functionalized rGO based materials is thus of current interest for the development of sensitive and selective biosensors. Herein, we report a simple and environmentally friendly method for the formation of a hemin-functionalized rGO hybrid nanomaterial that exhibits remarkable sensitivity to peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in solution. The hemin-functionalized rGO hybrid nanomaterial was formed by mixing an aqueous solution of graphene oxide (GO) with hemin and sonicating the suspension for 5 h at room temperature. In addition to playing a key role in …

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Metastable Nanostructured Metallized Fluoropolymer Composites For Energetics, Hannah A. Miller, Bradley S. Kusel, Seth T. Danielson, James W. Neat, Eryn K. Avjian, Scott N. Pierson, Stephen M. Budy, David W. Ball, Scott T. Iacono, Sharon C. Kettwich Jan 2013

Metastable Nanostructured Metallized Fluoropolymer Composites For Energetics, Hannah A. Miller, Bradley S. Kusel, Seth T. Danielson, James W. Neat, Eryn K. Avjian, Scott N. Pierson, Stephen M. Budy, David W. Ball, Scott T. Iacono, Sharon C. Kettwich

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Fluoropolymers have long served as potent oxidizers for metal-based pyrolant designs for the preparation of energetic materials. Commercial perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), specifically known as Fomblins®, are well-known to undergo accelerated thermal degradation in the presence of native metals and Lewis acids producing energetically favorable metal fluoride species. This study employs the use of PFPEs to coat nano-aluminum (n-Al) and under optimized stoichiometric formulations, harness optimized energy output. The PFPEs serve as ideal oxidizers of n-Al because they are non-volatile, viscous liquids that coat the particles thereby maximizing surface interactions. The n-Al/PFPE blended combination is required to interface with an epoxy-based matrix …

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Development Of Quantitative Bioanalytical Methods For The Pharmacological Studies Of Anti-Cancer Drugs, Ye Feng Jan 2013

Development Of Quantitative Bioanalytical Methods For The Pharmacological Studies Of Anti-Cancer Drugs, Ye Feng

ETD Archive

In the anticancer drug discovery and therapy development, it is essential to understand the pharmacological properties of the drugs. Today, pharmaceutical analysis is employed throughout the whole drug discovery and development process. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships are playing an increasingly important role in decisions on the rational development and use of new drugs and they can provide a detailed knowledge of the mechanism of the drug and a better understanding of the molecular targets on which they act. Due to the significance of pharmacological analysis, sensitive analytical methods are critically needed for pharmacological studies. Therefore, our long-term goal is to provide guidelines …

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Optimization Of Gradient Chromatofocusing For The Protein Separation And Lc-Ms/Ms Determination Of Ngp1-01 In Mouse Serum, Brain, And Retina, Harini Jogiraju Jan 2013

Optimization Of Gradient Chromatofocusing For The Protein Separation And Lc-Ms/Ms Determination Of Ngp1-01 In Mouse Serum, Brain, And Retina, Harini Jogiraju

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Gradient Chromatofocusing And Reversed Phase Hplc In Protein Analysis And Lc-Ms/Ms Determination Of Thiazolidinedione Nl-1 In Mouse Serum And Brain, Kiran K. Pedada Jan 2013

Gradient Chromatofocusing And Reversed Phase Hplc In Protein Analysis And Lc-Ms/Ms Determination Of Thiazolidinedione Nl-1 In Mouse Serum And Brain, Kiran K. Pedada

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