Chemistry Commons^™

Electrochemical Characteristics Of La0.7-XCeXMg0.3Ni2.4Co0.6(X=0～0.4) Hydrogen Storage Alloys, Ling-Ling Xiao, Yi-Jing Wang, Yi Liu, Jian-Sheng Cao, Da-Wei Song, Li-Fang Jiao, Hua-Tang Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The effect of partial substitution of Ce for La on the structure and the electrochemical properties of the La_0.7-xCe_xMg_0.3Ni_2.4Co_0.6(x=0～0.4)hydrogen storage alloys have been investigated systematically.The result of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) show that the alloys are all consisted of the LaNi₃ phase and the LaNi₅ phase.The maximum discharge capacity is decreased gradually with increase of the Ce contents,but the cycling life is improved obviously.

Fabrication And Performance Of Ni-Scsz Cermet Anode Modified By Coating With Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 For A Sofc, Ren-Zhu Liu, Bo Huang, Xiao-Feng Ye, Shao-Rong Wang, Jia-Di Cao, Huai-Wen Nie, Ting-Lian Wen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A Ni-scandia-stabilized zirconia(Ni-ScSZ) cermet anode modified by coating with nano-sized gadolinium-doped ceria(GDC,Gd_0.2Ce_0.8O₂) was prepared using a simple combustion process for the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) running on methane fuel. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) indicated that the surface of Ni-ScSZ was coated by nano-sized GDC particles(<100nm). Single cell testing showed that the 2.0%(by mass) GDC-coated Ni-ScSZ anode had better performance. The highest power densities of the cell with this anode were 825 and 848mW/cm² at 850℃ in humidified hydrogen and methane, respectively, whereas the corresponding values were 584 and 586mW/cm² for the cell with Ni-ScSZ anode.Electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) illustrated that the cell with Ni-ScSZ anode exhibited far greater impedances than the cell with 2.0%(by mass) GDC-coated Ni-ScSZ anode.Then the …

Irradiation And Metal-Containing Conjugated-Polymer Nanocomposites, Frank D. Blum, Zhe-Fei Li, Sunil K. Pillalamarri, Massimo F. Bertino

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in inorganic/organic hybrid materials that combine the desirable properties of both classes. These composite materials may find significant application in a variety of applications such as sensors, memory and energy conversion, to name just a few. In our laboratories, we have recently made a series of studies on the production of polymer nanofibers and their composites with nanometals. Much of this work has focused on the production of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers that have been made from one-pot syntheses in aqueous solutions where the polymerization was influenced by -radiation1 or UV-radiation.2 in the …

Dissolution, Reactor, And Environmental Behavior Of Zro2-Mgo Inert Fuel Matrix, Kenneth Czerwinski

Fuels Campaign (TRP)

This project will examine inert fuels containing ZrO₂ and MgO as the inert matrix. Ceramics with this inert matrix, Ce, U and eventually Pu will be synthesized and examined. While the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative focus is on inert fuels with Pu as the fissile component, this task will perform initial laboratory experiments with Ce and U. The initial work with Ce will be performed early in the project with results used as a basis for U studies. Reactor physics calculations will be used to examine suitable quantities of burnable poisons from the candidate elements Gd, Er, or Hf. …

An Evaluation Of Supercritical Drying And Peg/Freeze Drying Of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood, Eric Schindelholz, Robert Blanchette, Desmond C. Cook, Michael Drews, Steve Hand, Benjamin Held, Joel Jurgens, Betty Seifert

Physics Faculty Publications

This study was undertaken to evaluate the physical effects of drying waterlogged archaeological wood using supercritical carbon dioxide as compared to air drying and the popular polyethylene glycol (PEG)/freeze drying method. Previous studies have shown supercritical drying to be a potentially advantageous alternative to current methods of drying waterlogged wood through reduced processing time, minimal shrinkage, and increased success for reversibility. Samples in the form of blocks and planks of a few centimeters in size were prepared from two archaeological waterlogged wood sources and grouped into three treatment sets: one for air drying, one for PEG/freeze drying, and the other …

Interaction Between Metal Fission Products And Triso Coating Materials, Clemens Heske

Fuels Campaign (TRP)

This project focuses on the chemical bonding and interface formation of metal fission products with the coating materials used in tri-isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles for gas-cooled reactors. By combining surface- and bulk-sensitive spectroscopic methods, intermediate chemical phases at the interface, intermixing/ diffusion behavior, and the electronic interface structure as a function of material (metal and coating materials) and temperature are examined.

In the past year, emphasis was placed on a detailed analysis and description of the Cs/SiC interface formation process.

Formation Of In- (2×1) And In Islands On Si (100) - (2×1) By Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition, M. A. Hafez, H. E. Elsayed-Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The growth of indium on a vicinal Si (100) - (2×1) surface at room temperature by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition (fsPLD) was investigated by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Recovery of the RHEED intensity was observed between laser pulses and when the growth was terminated. The surface diffusion coefficient of deposited In on initial two-dimensional (2D) In- (2×1) layer was determined. As growth proceeds, three-dimensional In islands grew on the 2D In- (2×1) layer. The RHEED specular profile was analyzed during film growth, while the grown In islands were examined by ex situ atomic force microscopy. The full …

Synergistic Functions Of Trimethl Phosphate And Vinylene Carbonate As Additives For The Li-Ion Batteries, Zhi-Yuan Tang, Yan-Bing He, Quan-Sheng Song, Yu-Hong Chen, Yuan-Gang Liu, Qiang Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cooperative effects of trimethl phosphate and vinylene carbonate as additives for Li-ion batteries are investigated by using the cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electronic micro-photographs.The results show that the combination application of TMP and VC as additives for Li-ion batteries not only enhances safety of the batteries,but also improves their cycling performance.The reason may be ascribed to firstly VC being reduced and the reduction product polymerized to form excellent solid electrolyte interface(SEI) layer on the surface of graphite electrode during the first charge and discharge process,which prevents effectively the decomposition of TMP on the surface of the graphite …

Facilitated Effect Of Ag To Oxygen Transportation In Pem Fuel Cell Air Cathodes, Hong-Feng Xu, Jian-Hua Dong, Xiang-Li Hou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Silver(Ag) was deposited in the pores of Nafion membrane by ion exchange and succedent hydrogen reduction;the structures of Nafion-Ag membrane were measured by TEM and XRD,the diffusion coefficients of oxygen in Nafion-Ag was determined by electrochemical limited current method.The results showed that after deposited silver,the pores in the Nafion were enlarged by silver grains;the oxygen diffusion coefficient was increased about four times.By introducing silver in the thin Nafion film around the cathode catalyst,the performance of PEM fuel cell have a evident increasing in high current density, which shows the facilitated effects of silver to oxygen transportation in PEM fuel cell.

Electrochemical Characterization Of Positive Electrode Material Lini1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 In Different Electrolytes, Jing-Jing Liu, Wei-Hua Qiu, Ling-Yan Yu, Hai-Lei Zhao, Tao Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cathode materials LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ were prepared by low-heating solid-state reaction.The micro-structure and morphology of as-synthesized materials have been investigated by using XRD and SEM. The compatibilities of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ with purchased LiPF₆/ EC+DMC+DEC electrolyte and prepared LiBOB/EC+DEC+EMC electrolyte have also been studied. The Li/LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ batteries showed excellent electrochemical properties in the LiPF₆/EC+DMC+DEC electrolyte. Reversible discharge capacities of 167, 163, 163, 157, 147mAh/g at 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 3C rate between 2.7~4.35 V, with stable cycling performances have …

Electrochemical Behavior Of Buprofezin On Glass-Carbon Electrode, Qi Wang, Chang-Guo Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical behavior of Bup has been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry,linear sweep voltammetry,differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry.The results indicate that the electrochemical behavior of Bup on the surface of glassy carbon electrode is corresponding to a irreversible two-protons and two-electrons process with absrption.The square wave voltammetry for determination of Bup in actual samples has been established.

Fabrication And Characterization Of Gadolinium Hexacyanoferrate Modified Electrode, Yan-Mao Shi, Pan Du, Ping Wu, Yao-Ming Zhou, Chen-Xin Cai

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new electroactive polynuclear inorganic compound of rare earth metal hexacyanoferrate,gadolinium hexacyanoferrate(GdCHF),was prepared by electrochemically deposition on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode with a potential cycling procedure.The result of SEM indicated that the GdHCF was in the form of particles adhered on the surface of electrode.There were two different shapes and sizes of GdHCF forming on the surface of electrode.FTIR spectrum of GdHCF showed a very strong and sharp peak,which located at 2062.5 cm^-1 and corresponded to the stretching vibration of the C≡N group in the GdHCF.The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that the GdHCF/GC electrode exhibited two …

Synthesis Of Monolithic Carbon/Nickel Oxide Composite Electrode Material And Cyclic Voltammetry Characteristics, Tian-Ying Guo, Jing-Wei Zhu, Mou-Dao Song, Bang-Hua Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Monolithic carbon/nickel oxide composite materials were synthesized by carbonization of phenol formaldehyde gels that were ion-exchanged with Ni²⁺.Atomic absorption spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction technique were used to characterize the chemical composition and physical structure of the materials.The nickel dope amount for this method can reach 5.9 %(by mass).Subsequent cyclic voltammetry experiments indicate that the materials exhibit best capacitive performance at the nickel content of 4.4 %.

Fabrication Of Gold Electrode Array Based On Co2 Laser Ablation, Wei Zhang, Jiang-Qun Xiao, Yong-Liang Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

A rapid process is described to produce single or multiple electrodes of any shape based on CO₂ laser ablation for microfluidic chip.The method is as follow: coating a kind of material as sacrifice layer on a piece of glass with sputtered Cr and Au;designing the needed pattern on a computer;selecting proper parameters and ablating with CO₂ laser;wiping of Au/Cr and sacrifice layer,and obtain electrodes at last.The microfluidic chip was gotten by reversely bonding with a piece of PDMS,and sealing around with PDMS prepolymer.The mask' effect is the main factor that influencing electrode quality.The width of electrodes could be …

Novel Electrochemical Method For Synthesis Of Nanostructured Materials Of Noble Metals Based On Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone) (Pvp), Wei Pan, Xiao-Kai Zhang, Ming-Hu Huang, Shao-Xin Huang, Xing-Li Feng, Hou-Yi Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

Gold nanocrystals with controllable size were synthesized through a simple electroreduction method using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) of different polymerization degree as both stabilizer and shape-controller for gold nanoclusters.Individual gold nanoparticles spontaneously assembled into the wire-and ring-shaped nanoparticle aggregates depending on the PVP's dynamic stretching and curling,and precursor nanoparticles grew into flat,single-crystalline nanoprisms with thickness of dozens of nanometers based on the oriented aggregation between particles.Besides,core-shell Au/Ag nanoparticles were conveniently synthesized through two-step electroreduction of noble metal ions in the presence of PVPK30.The electrochemical synthetic method based on PVP provides a new path for preparation of noble metal nanostructured materials with different shape …

Study Of The Electrooxidation Of Glycerol On Oxide And Pd/C Composite Catalysts, Zhi-Yuan Yan, Chang-Wei Xu, Pei-Kang Shen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Oxide and Pd on carbon composite catalysts have been prepared by intermittent microwave heating(IMH) method.The performance of the catalysts for glycerol oxidation in alkaline solution is studied by electrochemical techniques.It is shown that the Pd/C catalyst is active for glycerol electrooxidation.However,the oxide-Pd/C catalysts are even better in terms of the onset potential that is more negative and peak current density.The ratio of oxide to Pd is optimized according to the electrochemical measurement.The results reveal that the addition of oxide into the Pd/C induces the synergistic effect for glycerol electrooxidation.

Deep Treatment Of Pulping Wastewater Using Three Phase Fluidized Bed Electrode Reactor, Dan Wu, Qi-Cai Shi, Ji-Ti Zhou, Bao-Jun Jia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Treatment of pulping wastewater by using a novel electrochemical reactor,i.e.the three phase fluidized bed electrode,reactor were invesigated.The effects of air flow rate,applied voltage,pH value and FeSO₄ concentration on electrolysis efficiency were investigated.It was clearly shown that the 20 V of voltage,0.3 m³·h^-1 of air flow rate,1000 mg L^-1 of FeSO₄ concentration and pH≈2.5 were its best conditions.COD removal could be 70.1% under these conditions.

Electrochemical Properties Of The Modified Carbon Nanotubes, Chun-An Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

Powder micro-electrodes were prepared from raw carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes modified by carboxyl.The electro-reduction properties of both the raw and open-ended carbon nanotubes in p-Nitrophenol solution were investigated.The FTIR spectrum result indicated that the functional groups are successfully fixed on the surface of the carbon nanotubes after nitric acid treatment.The cyclic voltammetry results show that the electrochemical activity of carboxyl-modified carbon nanotubes was improved.The mechanism of electro-(reduction) for the carbon nanotubes after acid treatment was discussed.

Reaction Mechanism Of V(Ⅳ)/V(Ⅴ) Redox Couple At Graphite Felt Composite Electrode Bonded With Conductive Carbon Plastic, Xiao-Gang Li, Ke-Long Huang, Su-Qin Liu, Ning Tan, Li-Quan Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The rate-determining step of V(Ⅳ) /V(Ⅴ) redoxreaction was investigated at graphite felt(GF)composite electrode by various techniques: cyclic voltammetry,polarization curve and impedance spectroscopy.Cyclic voltammetry analysis indicated that V(Ⅳ) /V(Ⅴ) redox reaction at GF electrode is quasi reversible.Acertain chemical reaction step is suspected to follow the electron transfer step of this reaction.The Tafel slopevalue(0.124) obtained from the polarization curve agrees well with theoretical value(0.12),which supposingthe electron transfer step was the rate-determining step.Impedance Spectroscopies at various potentials werestudied and simulated by equivalentcircuits.The impedance value of the electron transfer step modified is greatlyhigher than the others,which shows that the electron transfer step is the …

The Synthesis, Structure And Electrochemical Performances Of Lithium Iron Phosphate, Hui Xie, Zhen-Tao Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The lithium iron phosphate cathode materials were synthesized by solid-state reaction combined high-rate ball milling under the temperature ranging from 400 ℃ to 700 ℃.The crystalline structure, morphology of particles, and electrochemical performance of the sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and charge-discharge test. The results showed that the sintering temperature had great influences on the crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performances of LiFePO₄. The sample synthesized under 600℃ showed the best charge-discharge performances with the first specific discharge capacity of(128.8) mAh/g and the 15^th specific discharge capacity of 129.1 mAh/g at 0.1C rate, …

Structure And Electrochemical Characteristics Of Lifepo4 Prepared By The Polyacrylates-Pyrolysis-Reduction Method For Li-Ion Batteries, Li-Hong Yu, Yu-Liang Cao, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Han-Xi Yang, Xin-Ping Ai

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cathode material of olivine LiFePO₄ was prepared by a novel method of polyacrylate-pyrolysis-reduction.XRD demonstrates that the material have the olivine structure.SEM photo shows an average particle-size of about 100 nm with a well distribution.Electrochemical test of cycling at a constant current reveals the discharge capacity of 138 mAh/g and a good cycling stability.It is a novel practicable technology to prepare LiFePO₄ by using polyacrylate-pyrolysis-reduction method.

Research Of Explosion Mechanism Of Lithium-Ion Battery, Yu-Hong Chen, Zhi-Yuan Tang, Yan-Bing He, Qiang Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The heat character of Lithium-ion battery materials and explosion mechanism of Lithium-ion cells under the overcharge,short-circuit and other abuse behavior are tested by C₈₀ calorimeter, DSC and charge-discharge instrument.SEI reactions, Li_xC₆/electrolyte and Li_xC₆/PVDF reactions take place at the anodes. Electrolyte and solvent reactions happen after 178℃ and Li_1-xCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ decomposes after 230℃. The batteries explode at 150℃ oven test or 1.5C, 5.5 V overcharge and do not explode at short-circuit.

Studies On Performance And Electrode Materials For All Vanadium Flow Battery, Jun Yuan, Qing-Chun Yu, Yi-Feng Liu, Liang-Liang Ma, Yi-Hua Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper,cyclic voltammetry has been used to study the electrochemical performance of the treated and untreated graphite,soft graphite and PAN-carbon cloth in vanadium sulfate solution.The results show that: the reversibility of reaction can be improved on the surface of treated electrode,and the current can also increase;the electrochemical performance of treated electrode is remarkably enhanced;in the process of charge/discharge,the charge current can reach up to 20 mA/cm²,and discharge current up to 15 mA/cm²;surface morphology of the treated and untreated graphite show that the treatment can change the surface structure of electrode and also add the reaction …

Immobilization Of Cytochrome C On The Surface Of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube And Its Direct Electron Transfer And Electrocatalysis, Ya-Jing Yin, Ya-Fen Lv, Ping Wu, Pan Du, Yan-Mao Shi, Chen-Xin Cai

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cytochrome c(Cyto c) was immobilized on the surface of the single-wall carbon nanotube(SWNT) by using the method of adsorption.Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the Cyto c remained in its original structure and did not undergo structural change after its immobilization on the SWNT.The direct electrochemistry of cyto c,which was adsorbed on the surface of the SWNT,was studied by cyclic voltammetry.The voltammetric results demonstrated that the SWNT had promoting effects on the direct electron transfer of Cyto c and also indicated that the immobilized Cyto c retained its bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H₂O₂.This modified electrode might …

Investigation Of The Direct Electrochemical Reduction Of Cr2O3 Powder In Molten Cacl2 By A Metallic Cavity Electrode, Guo-Hong Qiu, Di-Hua Wang, Xian-Bo Jin, Xiao-Hong Hu, Zheng Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A metallic cavity electrode is used for further investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of Cr₂O₃ powder in molten CaCl₂(Na: ~0.02% by mass,Mg: < 0.005% by mass) at 900 ℃.The Cr₂O₃ powder reduction mechanism was confirmed in line with EDX and SEM analysis of the potentiostatic electrolysis products.The correlations between the particle size of metallised product and the electrolysis potential,or electrolysis time were analysed.

Studies On Synthesis And Electrochemical Performance Of LiXNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 As Cathode Material For Lithium Ion Batteries, Xiao-Jian Guo, Jie Li, Yi-Xiao Li, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A series of LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ were synthesized by a combined hydroxides coprecipitation and calcination method.Effects of synthesizing temperature of coprecipitations and the Li∶M ratios on structure and electrochemical performance of the materials were studied.The results showed that materials synthesized with coprecipitation at room temperature(~20 ~(o)C) delivered the best electrochemical performance.Another series of cathode materials Li_XNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ with different Li∶M ratios were synthesized with this method.The results showed that sintering at high temperature could cause loss of LiOH,thus more LiOH should be added.It is demonstrated that Li …

Pre-Oxidative Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Incorporated With Carbon Nanotube And Pbo2, Hong-Lan Qi, Cheng-Xiao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A pre-oxidative amperometric glucose biosensor incorporated with carbon nanotube,ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid and PbO₂ was designed.The interferences coming from reduced substances,such as ascoribic acid and urine acid were eliminated by PbO₂.The oxidative current is linear at the potential of +0.40 V(vs.SCE) to the concentration of glucose in the range from 0.50 to 20 mmol·L^-1,and the detection limit of glucose is 0.1 mol L^-1.The relative standard deviation is 3.3% for seven successive assays at 5.0 mmol·L^-1glucose.This biosensors have been applied to determination of the glucose in serum with satisfying results.

Recycling Of The Spent Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Based On Bioleaching Process, Liang-Shu Xia, Shi-Fu Fu, Zhong-Qing Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Less than 1 percent of discarded dry batteries are recovered in china.it is necessary to find an economic,fast and environmentally friendly process to recycle spent dry batteries.Bioleaching is better one of the few technology applied for the recovery of the toxic metals from hazardous spent batteries.In this study,after the acidified sludge made by the inoculated and cultured indigenous sewage sludge was acted as leaching bacteria species,the influence of the different pH values,the different residence time of the sludge in bioreactor(RTB),the leaching time,whether or not adding Fe(iron powder) to the leaching liquid on the leaching rate of Ni,Cd was tested.The results …

Electrochemical Behavior Of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide In Mgso4 Solution, Dan-Mei Yu, Yu-Jun Si, Chang-Guo Chen, Yu-Ping Liu, Yan Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The rechargeability and crystal structure changing of electrolytic manganese dioxide(EMD) in MgSO₄ electrolyte were investigated by cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge/discharge and X-ray diffraction.The results have shown that the EMD has good rechargeability;after several initial cycles,the charge and discharge became stability;after discharge,the γ-MnO₂ structure of EMD was changed,the production was reversible and could be recharged to γ-MnO₂ structure again which ensured the rechargeability of EMD.

The Property Study Of Libob-Pc/Dec Electrolyte, Ying-Kun Ning, Bi-Tao Yu, Fu-Shen Li, Wei-Hua Qiu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The new electrolyte salt LiBOB for Li-ion battery was synthesized in laboratory,and series of electrolytes of LiBOB and PC/DEC was compounded.The conductivity of the electrolytes was compared by changing the temperature and concentration.The cycling performance of charging-discharging was also compared by the charging-discharging test,the results showed that the varying regularity of conductivities and cycling stability and capacity were not always identical,but there were a suitable electrolyte for Li/ARG cell.The A.C.impedance and CV were used to test the compatibility of the most suitable electrolyte and ARG anode.Conclusion can be drawn that the ARG anode can be protected very well by SEI …