Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Ocena Skuteczności Działania Suchego Systemu Oczyszczania Spalin Ze Spalania Odpadów Medycznych Opartego Na Wtrysku Sorbentu Wapniowo-Węglowego, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The research object was a medical waste incineration plant with a capacity of 150 kg per hour equipped with a flue gas treatment system based on dry sorption process using a lime-carbon reagent with adsorbent removing in high-efficiency particulate collector. As the dry sorption agent was used a mixture of high reactive hydrated lime and activated carbon injected to combustion gases by pneumatic feeder. Activated carbon content in the mixture was 5-10 % by mass. Applied collector was ceramic filter with total filtration area of 120 m2 and guaranteed outlet dust concentration under 5 mg/Nm3. Among others things the aims …

Wpływ Dużej Spalarni Odpadów Przemysłowych I Niebezpiecznych Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Lidia Rusztowicz

Robert Oleniacz

Waste incineration causes unavoidable pollutant emissions to atmosphere and thus negative impact on air quality, but scale of the influence is often exaggerated. In the paper computation results of the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants were presented for one of the largest industrial and hazardous waste incineration plant existing in Poland (processing capacity: 3 ton per hour). These results confirm the fact that the incinerator meets the requirements of best available techniques (BAT) for the waste incineration and its impact on air quality is relatively small. This effect is caused mainly by proper operation of the rotary kiln incinerator, high efficiency …

Analiza Możliwości Ograniczenia Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Instalacji Spalania Odpadów Medycznych W Tarnowie, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents initial research of effects of some factors on the amount of gaseous pollutants formation during medical waste incineration in a two-stage starved air fluidised bed reactor. In the research was included the impact of such factors as oxygen contents in flue gases, frequency of waste loading, momentary mass flow of waste and temperature in the secondary combustion chambers. Measurements showed that the waste incineration in large amount periodically caused excessive emissions incomplete combustion products (CO, HC), especially during wrong operation of the combustion system. The work demonstrated that the essential importance for CO and HC formation reducing …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Procesu Grafityzacji Wyrobów Drobnych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the research results of the air pollutant emissions from the graphitising process of fine carbon products in the Acheson furnace (discharge capacity 5,5 Mg). Research was performed for two kinds of raw material inputs (based on petroleum coke and pitch coke). Approximately 40-hours measurement series were carried out for each material including mainly such substances like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylenes, total dust, tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both average and maximum concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases and average emission factors were presented …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Pieca Achesona Do Grafityzacji Wyrobów Drobnych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

Research results of the air pollutant emissions from the graphitisation process of fine products in the Acheson electric resistance furnace (discharge capacity 5,5 Mg) were presented in the paper. Research was performed for two kinds of raw material inputs (based on petroleum coke and pitch coke). Approximately 40-hours measurement series were carried out for each material including mainly such substances like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylenes, total dust, tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both average and maximum concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases and average emission factors …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Podestylacyjnych Z Produkcji Witaminy C W Piecu Fluidalnym, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Some results of continuous or periodical measurements of selected air pollutant concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases from liquid waste incineration in a fluidized bed incinerator were presented in the paper. During the researches distillation tails from vitamin C production, that is waste traces from regeneration such solvents as for example ethylene chloride, chloroform or trichloroethylene were incinerated. As a result of the researches there was determined optimal temperature of the fluidized bad in which the waste incineration should be carried out to minimization of CO and NOx formation. Required effectiveness of HCl removal from combustion gases to …

Emisja Chlorowodoru Ze Spalania Węgla W Kotle Pyłowym, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Przemysław Szczygłowski, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Emission of hydrogen chloride (HCl) from coal combustion is not controlled just like for example sulpfur dioxide emission. But HCl emission is also important, because chlorine content in some types of coal can reach the similar level to sulfur content. In the paper the measurement results of HCl emission to the air during combustion of three types of coal with law content of chlorine were presented. The researches were carried out for a steam pulverized coal boiler (max. boiler efficiency – 430 t/h) during three various loads (respectively 65, 80 and 95 % of maximum efficiency) without flue gas desulfurization. …

Metoda Oceny Trudności Oczyszczania I Toksyczności Spalin Powstających Podczas Spalania Odpadów, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents a methodology for evaluating the cleaning difficulty and toxicity of combustion gases from waste incineration based on the knowledge of gases composition. This type of evaluation may be applicable to selection or modernization of flue gas cleaning systems for waste incineration plants and to comparative analy-sis of a pollution degree of raw (unclean) combustion gases. In the evaluation of the cleaning difficulty of gases six categories of difficulty have been identified for removal of selected substances or groups of substances. The evaluation is made individually for substances or groups of substances on condition their concentrations in flue …

Влияние На Окружающую Среду Технологии Непрерывного Литья, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

This article presents a complex analysis of the impact of the technology of continuous casting of steel (CCS) on the rate of the air pollutant emissions from one of the Polish steel and iron plants. The emission sources occurring in the production process have been identified and their rate has been determined. The implementation of CCS has brought about significant changes in the production cycle of the steel plant and it also has caused an increase of the production effectiveness of steel products. The calculated environment effects have shown a considerable emission decrease of all pollutants in the scale of …

Ocena Funkcjonowania Instalacji Oczyszczania Gazów Odlotowych Z Procesu Grafityzacji Elektrod Węglowych W Sgl Carbon S.A. W Nowym Sączu, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents a general analysis of the suitability of individual elements of the flue-gas treatment system used in SGL Carbon SA in Nowy Sacz (Poland) for the graphitization process carried out in new LWG furnaces (Castner type). The flue-gas treatment system consisted of two installations: catalytic afterburning and flue-gas desulfurization. The analysis of the suitability of various methods of flue-gas treatment was based primarily on the assessment of the effects of their application, including the reduction of concentrations of selected components in post-graphitizing gases. The work also summarizes the results of evaluation of the functioning of the whole flue-gas …

Assessment Of Ecological Effects Of The Implementation Of Continuous Casting Of Steel, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents a complex analysis of the impact of the technology of continuous casting of steel (CCS) on the rate of the air pollutant emissions from one of the Polish steel and iron plants. The emission sources occurring in the production process have been identified and their rate has been determined. The implementation of CCS has brought about significant changes in the production cycle of the steel plant and it also has caused an increase of the production effectiveness of steel products. The calculated environment effects have shown a considerable emission decrease of all pollutants in the scale of …

Termiczne Przekształcanie Odpadów Medycznych W Instalacji Fluidalnej Firmy Seghers – Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Gazowych I Możliwości Jej Ograniczenia, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of concentrations and mass streams of selected components in the flue gases from the thermal treatment of medical waste in the Seghers incinerator based on fluidized bed reactor.

The tests were carried out at the measuring points located both before and after of the flue-gas cleaning system based on the injection of dry hydrated lime and carbon sorbent and a ceramic filter. In this way it was possible to determine the effectiveness of the removal of selected air pollutants in the dry cleaning system. Analysis of the results of measurements made ​​it possible …

Przebieg Zmienności Stężeń Wybranych Zanieczyszczeń W Gazach Odlotowych Z Procesu Mokrego Gaszenia Koksu, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Continuous measurement results of selected constituent concentrations in the gases emitted to the air during the coke wet quenching process were presented and discussed in the paper. The measurements were carried out for the standard wet quenching tower. The research covered such substances as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide and a total content of hydrocarbons and hydrogen (combustible gases). Changeability of the substance concentrations depending of the quenching process duration was analyzed. Among other things the beginning of these substances formation, appearance of the maximum and the range of observed concentrations were taken into consideration. …

Weryfikacja Emisji Pyłowej Z Huty Katowice I Zasięgu Jej Oddziaływania, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

Preliminary analysis of the results of atmospheric dispersion modeling for dust emission from the Katowice Steelworks (Poland) showed necessity of verification the particulate matter, lead and cadmium emission from the plant. The verification was limited to the substance emission sources influencing air pollution to the largest extent. Both scale of dust emission and its granulometric and chemical composition were re-evaluated. Further calculations of the air propagation for the pollutants were carried out and calculation results were compared with direct measurements. Thus the Katowice Steelworks impact on air quality and the level of total dust, lead and cadmium ground deposition was …

Ocena Składu Gazów Odlotowych Z Procesów Spopielania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych Pod Kątem Trudności Oczyszczania I Toksyczności, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Tightening of the European Union law in the field of the air emission limit values from waste incineration causes necessity for existing and new incineration plants to conform to the standards. It will often involve modernization of the flue gas cleaning system. Proposed in the paper the methodology of evaluation of the combustion gases composition in point of view cleaning difficulty should be useful to this end. Average toxicity factors for hazardous waste incineration flue gases were defined as well. Among other things they can be used in comparative analysis of the air pollutant concentration in the raw gas (before …

Czynniki Wpływające Na Skład Spalin I Wielkość Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesów Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The work summarizes factors influencing on air emissions from various full-scale hazardous waste incinerators (rotary kiln, multiple hearth furnace, starved-air incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator, liquid injection incinerator). Air pollutant emissions from hazardous waste incineration can be minimized not only by flue-gas cleaning. There are many factors that influence on flue-gas composition and the quantity of air pollutants formed during incineration: the type, the composition and the quantity of waste, the way of waste introducing to the incinerator, excess air ratio, combustion temperature, retention time of exhaust gases etc. Special attention was paid to the loading of waste and incineration conditions …

Odpady Pestycydowe Jako Paliwo Zastępcze W Piecach Obrotowych Do Wypalania Klinkieru Cementowego, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Stanisław Słupek

Robert Oleniacz

The clinker burning plant is ideally suited for processing a wide variety of hazardous waste materials. High temperatures existing in cement kilns (ca. 1350-1450 Centigrades in the burning zone) as well as long gas-residence time (ca. 6-10 s) provide potentially excellent conditions for destruction of toxic organic compounds. Non-volatile compounds are retained in the solid phase and built into the clinker. A lot of other (for example acid gases) can also be absorbed by alkaline solid phase. Old pesticide wastes present a big problem in Poland now. They can be use as waste-derived fuels in cement kilns, especially in the …

Ocena Udziału Huty Katowice W Poziomie Opadu Pyłu, Ołowiu I Kadmu Na Powierzchnię Terenu Wokół Zakładu, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of modeling of deposition on the land surface of dust, lead and cadmium emitted from the "Katowice" Steelworks. The calculations were carried out in the vicinity of the location of the dust deposition measuring points existing around the plant. Computational data were compared with the results obtained from direct measurements for the same calendar year. The responsibility of this plant in shaping the level of dust and heavy metal deposition in the region of the protective zone was determined.

English title: Participation of the "Katowice" Steelworks in the level of dust, lead and cadmium deposition …

Prognoza Wpływu Na Stan Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza Procesu Unieszkodliwiania Odpadów Pestycydowych W Piecu Cementowym, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the general conditions associated with running of pesticide waste co-incineration in rotary kilns for cement clinker burning, and describes the behavior of toxic substances entering to this process with waste materials or forming as the result of thermal decomposition. Additional air emissions and their impact on air quality were also assessed.

English title: Prediction of the impact on the state of air pollution for the process of pesticide waste disposal in a cement kiln.

Średni Współczynnik Toksyczności Spalin Emitowanych Z Procesów Spopielania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the characteristics of the Average Toxicity Factor (ATF) for combustion gases emitted from incineration of hazardous waste. Proposals for the interpretation of this factor and the possibility of its use in assessing the degree of nuisance of the process in terms of the level of air pollutant emissions were also discussed.

English title: Average toxicity factor of combustion gases emitted from hazardous waste incineration.

Dobór Systemu Oczyszczania Gazów Odlotowych Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The flue gas cleaning system is usually one of the most costly elements of the installation to the incineration of hazardous waste. Adapting the system to the actual needs could therefore bring obvious economic benefits.

The paper presents the method of the preselection of the configuration of the cleaning system based on knowledge of the level of concentration of selected components of the raw exhaust gas (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, total dust, mercury, cadmium and thallium, and other heavy metals). Twelve examples of flue-gas cleaning systems were proposed and extreme concentration values of the substances in the raw …

Niezorganizowana Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Hal Ciągłego Odlewania Stali, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

Air pollutant emissions occurring in an uncontrolled way do not be subject to the regular verification just like it takes place in case of the controlled sources, for which the routine measurements are carried out. In the paper a methodology and the results of some research were presented. The research consisted in determination the quantity of dust and gaseous pollutants emitted from the halls in which technological processes connected with the steel continuous casting were being run. Stocktaking of all the uncontrolled emission sources were carried out and the technological operations predominating in the level of the particle matter and …

Wpływ Wprowadzenia Ciągłego Odlewania Stali Na Wielkość Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Huty Katowice, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of research carried out in 1999 in the Department of Continuous Casting of Steel (CCS) Machines in "Katowice" Steelworks in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland), whose main objective was the identification of emission sources of dust and gaseous pollutants, determination of emission factors and assessment of environmental effects associated with the operation of this technology. Particular attention was paid for assessing the impact of the introduction the CCS technology to reduce total emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks.

English title: Impact of the introduction of continuous casting of steel on pollutant emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks.

Bezpośrednie I Pośrednie Efekty Wprowadzenia Ciągłego Odlewania Stali W Bilansie Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Huty Żelaza, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of continuous casting technology on emissions of air pollutants from "Katowice" Steelworks in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland). Sources of emissions occurring in the manufacturing process and emissions levels have been identified. Implementation of continuous casting of steel has increased the efficiency of production and brought substantial ecological effects.

English title: Direct and indirect effects of introduction of continuous casting of steel in the balance sheet of pollutant emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks.

Struktura Emisji Związków Fluoru Z Hutnictwa Żelaza Na Przykładzie Huty Katowice, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

As recently as a dozen or so years ago ferrous metallurgy was known as one of the biggest source of fluorine compound emissions to the atmosphere. Nevertheless production technology and raw material changes occurring in this industry cause continuous decreasing of their participation in the total fluorine emission. On the ground of investigations that have been carried out in the Katowice Steelworks (Poland) in the last few years, participation of particular technological processing in the water-soluble fluorine compound emissions (which are regarded as toxic) were presented in the paper, as well as a position of fuel combustion process (that take …

Technologia Ciągłego Odlewania Stali I Jej Wpływ Na Ograniczenie Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesów Hutniczych, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata, Anita Niedojadło

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of continuous casting of steel technology on air pollutant emissions in one of the Polish steelworks - Huta Katowice S.A. in Dąbrowa Górnicza. Emission sources occurring in the production process and the levels of pollutant emissions into the air were described. Implementation of continuous casting of steel brought significant changes in the production cycle in steelworks and caused an increase in the efficiency of manufacture of products. Calculated environmental effects showed a significant reduction of all pollutant emissions in the whole plant.

English title: Technology of continuous casting of steel and …

Spopielanie Odpadów Medycznych W Systemie Purotherm-Pyrolise – Zmienność Składu Spalin I Emisji Zanieczyszczeń W Cyklu Załadowczym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents selected effects of the cyclical nature of the two-stage process of medical waste incineration on the variation of concentrations of basic constituents and selected gaseous pollutants (NOx, CO, SO2, H2S and HCl) in flue gas discharged from the process. The study included the installation working in the Purotherm-Pyrolise system (waste gasification and gas afterburning) with actual yields of 100-150 kg/h. The phases of the process varied in dynamic and direction changes of the flue-gas composition and the levels of air pollutant emissions were separated and described for these phases. They can be very important for the organization …

Pirolityczne Metody Utylizacji Odpadów Niebezpiecznych - Przykładowe Rozwiązania I Emisja Zanieczyszczeń, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the pyrolysis and gasification processes of organic matter and the main directions of their use for the thermal disposal of hazardous waste. Used for this purpose the basic technical solutions are discussed with regard to existing and new technologies. Given the fact that the pyrolytic methods in Poland were primarily used for the incineration of medical waste, most attention was paid to a facility designated for such waste disposal. The problem of air pollutant emissions from this type of installation and some operating guidelines was also presented on the basis of the literature analyses and own research. …

Emisja Związków Fluoru Z Hutnictwa Żelaza, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents the results of the last few years of comprehensive researches related to the emission of fluorine compounds from iron metallurgy in Poland. Determined of the levels of flue-gas concentrations and air emissions for fluorine in the form of gaseous and solid compounds, including water-soluble compounds (considered to be toxic). The study also made it possible to analyze of raw materials used in these processes taking into account fluorine content and its impact on the amount of fluorine compounds emitted to the air.

English title: Emissions of fluorine compounds with iron metallurgy.

The Development And Validation Of A Methodology For The Analysis Of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons In Air Particulates (Indoor And Outdoor), Kathryn O'Malley

Masters

PAH form a large class of ubiquitous pollutants mainly of anthropogenic origin. Several PAH found in air particulates have been identified as carcinogens and mutagens. Sixteen of these PAH have been listed by the USEPA as priority pollutants. This research is concerned with the development and optimisation of a method for the analysis of these sixteen PAH in air particulates. Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction procedures were investigated to optimise the recoveries from spiked glass fibre filters with a standard 1ppm mixture of the 16PAH. Standard mixtures of the 16 PAH were analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection with approx. linearity …