Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Dynamics And Production Of Forage In Winter Pasture Under Continuous Grazing With Energetic Supplementation, A. Frizzo, M. R. Freitas, Marta G. Da Rocha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This experiment was carried out at Federal University of Santa Maria, from July 09 to November 12, 1999 to evaluate the dynamics and production of forage of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) mixture. The grazing system used was continuous with variable stocking rate to maintain 1500kg/ha of herbage mass in all treatments. The heifers were subjected to different levels of energetic supplementation. They are 0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day. The pasture of oat and italian ryegrass presented an accumulation rate of 45.7, 55.1 and 50.0 kg of DM/ha /day and a total …

Rotational Grazing Increases Wool And Lamb Production From Phalaris-Subterranean Clover Pastures In South Eastern Australia, A. N. Thompson, D. Borg, J. F. Graham, J. Lamb, G. R. Saul

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wool and lamb production from different grazing systems was compared in a Mediterranean environment near Hamilton in southeastern Australia. The grazing systems were based on combinations of fertiliser inputs and grazing methods that could promote the growth and persistence of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) and increase animal production compared to ‘typical’ unimproved pastures. In the first 2 years of this experiment, the most productive systems more than doubled ewe stocking rate and wool production, and more than trebled lamb production per hectare, compared to ‘typical’ unimproved pasture, low fertility, set-stocked systems. The change to a well fertilised phalaris/subterranean clover …

Application Of Competitive Intelligence For Insular Territories: Automatic Analysis Of Scientific And Technology Trends To Fight The Negative Effects Of Climate Change, Henri Dou, Pierre Fournie

International Journal of Islands Research

Islands are fragile territories because of their geographical position. As a result, climate impacts can have serious consequences, of which some are irreversible. Therefore, it is necessary to allow insular territories to benefit from the latest scientific and technological advances in combating climate effects. The current article shows how to deal with automatic analysis of scientific information on the one hand, but also its applications via patents. We will analyse the latest scientific results as well as their possible applications using patent analysis. We will also focus on experts, laboratories, and leading companies, that are active on the field. The …

Climate Change-Induced Effects On Beach Degradation And Tourist Behaviour: A Review Of Previous Studies With Potential In An Island Tourism Context, Yen E. Lam González, Carmen Garcia, Matias M. González Hernández, Carmelo J. Leon

International Journal of Islands Research

This article conducts a qualitative meta-analysis of papers addressing the topic of climate change impacts on beach loss and degradation, and its relation to tourist behaviour (destination choice, willingness to re-visit, expenditure and willingness to pay). The main aim is to identify values that can be used in future research works in the context of island tourism. We found that the strong specialisation and fragmentation of data and methods limit the transferability potential of previous research analysing climate-induced effects on beaches and tourist behaviour. Researchers from different fields bring their own conceptual models which often address similar problems but use …

On The Stability Of First Order Ordinary Differential Equation With A Nonlocal Condition, Ebtisam Omer Bin-Taher

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness of solution for the first order differential equation,𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑡 + 𝑓(𝑡,𝑥(𝑡))=0,𝑡∈[0,𝑇] with the nonlocal condition 𝑥(1)+ 𝐼𝛾 𝑥(𝑡)|𝑡=𝑡𝑜=𝑥𝑜 ., then we prove that the solution is uniformly stable

The Generalized Q-Analogue Hermite Matrix Polynomials Of Two Variables, Fadhl Saleh Nasser Alsarahi

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In this paper, we introduce the q-analogue generalized Hermite matrix polynomials of two variables. Some recurrence relations for these q-polynomials are derived.

Seventh And Twelfth-Order Iterative Methods For Roots Of Nonlinear Equations, Hassan Mohamed Bawazir

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This study presents two iterative methods, based on Newton’s method, to attain the numerical solutions of nonlinear equations. We prove that our methods have seven and twelve orders of convergence. The analytical investigation has been established to show that our schemes have higher efficiency indexes than some recent methods. Numerical examples are executed to investigate the performance of the proposed schemes. Moreover, the theoretical order of convergence is verified on the numerical examples.

Workflow Critical Path: A Data-Oriented Critical Path Metric For Holistic Hpc Workflows, Daniel D. Nguyen, Karen L. Karavanic

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Current trends in HPC, such as the push to exascale, convergence with Big Data, and growing complexity of HPC applications, have created gaps that traditional performance tools do not cover. One example is Holistic HPC Workflows — HPC workflows comprising multiple codes, paradigms, or platforms that are not developed using a workflow management system. To diagnose the performance of these applications, we define a new metric called Workflow Critical Path (WCP), a data-oriented metric for Holistic HPC Workflows. WCP constructs graphs that span across the workflow codes and platforms, using data states as vertices and data mutations as edges. …

Explaining Deep Learning Models For Tabular Data Using Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation, Ihsan Ullah, Andre Rios, Vaibhov Gala, Susan Mckeever

Articles

Trust and credibility in machine learning models are bolstered by the ability of a model to explain its decisions. While explainability of deep learning models is a well-known challenge, a further challenge is clarity of the explanation itself for relevant stakeholders of the model. Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), an established explainability technique developed for deep models in computer vision, provides intuitive human-readable heat maps of input images. We present the novel application of LRP with tabular datasets containing mixed data (categorical and numerical) using a deep neural network (1D-CNN), for Credit Card Fraud detection and Telecom Customer Churn prediction use …

Splashing Of Large Helium Nanodroplets Upon Surface Collisions, Paul Martini, Simon Albertini, Felix Laimer, Miriam Meyer, Michael Gatchell, Olof E. Echt, Fabio Zappa, Paul Scheier

Faculty Publications

In the present work we observe that helium nanodroplets colliding with surfaces can exhibit splashing in a way that is analogous to classical liquids. We use transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry to demonstrate that neutral and ionic dopants embedded in the droplets are efficiently backscattered in such events. High abundances of weakly bound He-tagged ions of both polarities indicate a gentle extraction mechanism of these ions from the droplets upon collision with a solid surface. This backscattering process is observed for dopant particles with masses up to 400 kilodaltons, indicating an unexpected mechanism that effectively lowers deposition rates of …

Evaluation Of Gpu Acceleration For Wrf–Sfire, Joshua Benz

Master's Projects

WRF–SFIRE is an open source, atmospheric–wildfire model that couples the WRF model with the level set fire spread model to simulate wildfires in real time. This model has many applications and more scientific questions can be asked and answered if the model can be run faster. Nvidia has put a lot of effort into easing the barrier of entry for accelerating applications with their tools to be run on GPUs. Various physical simulations have been successfully ported to utilize GPUs and have benefited from the speed increase. In this research, we take a look at WRF-SFIRE and try to use …

All-Sky Search For Short Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The Third Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo Run, R. Abbott, T. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24–4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization, or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on …

The Carrying Capacity Of Pure And Oversown Giant Star Grass (Cynodon Nlemfuensis Vanderyst) Under Different Stocking Rate In South-Western Islands Of Japan, Yasuhiro Kawamoto, T. Namihira, Y. Imura, M. Nagano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was firstly to know the potential carrying capacity, pasture production, pasture utilization of giant star grass under different stocking rates in intensive rotational grazing system, and to evaluate a carrying capacity of giant star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) pasture oversown with annual hybrid ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum X Lolium perenne) on short low productive winter pasture in South-western Islands of Japan. High herbage availability and good quality forage to bring about effective animal productions were produced by using relatively heavy stocking rates of 6 - 8 heads/ha, and achieved optimum pasture utilization of …

Residual Forage And Animal Performance From A Kikuyo Pasture Under Mixed Grazing And Supplementation, F. C. Gómez-Merino, Pedro A. Martínez-Hernández, J. Pérez-Pérez, Alfonso Hernández-Garay

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Five grazing strategies were compared: grazing by ewes only and mixed grazing (ewes + heifers), in mixed grazing heifers received no supplement or one of three supplements. Ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) varied among supplement: 4.25, 9.11 and 9.13%, the supplement with the highest RUP included protected methionine. All supplements were 21% crude protein and 3.0 Mcal/kg of metabolizable energy. Grazing was on kikuyu, ratio was 30 kg of ewe per 100 kg of heifer in the mixed grazing treatments. Experimental grazing lasted 84 days. Variables measured were residual forage, proline content in residual forage and liveweight gains per animal and …

Stubble Height Effects On Limpograss Pasture Characteristics And Performance Of Beef Heifers, Y. C. Newman, Lynn E. Sollenberger, W. E. Kunkle, D. B. Bates, C. G. Chambliss, A. M. Fox

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima [Poir.] Stapf. & C.E. Hubb.) is a C₄ species used in Florida beef production systems because of its cool-season growth, persistence on poorly drained soils, and high yield and digestibility. Animal performance on limpograss pastures, however, has been limited by low herbage crude protein (CP). This study evaluated the effect of canopy height of limpograss pastures and N supplementation of grazing cattle on sward characteristics and weight gain and blood urea N (BUN) concentration of yearling beef heifers. Under continuous stocking, six treatments were imposed that included all combinations of three stubble heights (20, 40, …

The Duration Of Regrowth Period And The Structural Traits In A Rotationally Grazed Panicum Maximum Sward, Carlos A. M. Gomide, J. A. Gomide

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Panicum maximum 'cv'. Mombaça was rotationally grazed by steers. Three regrowth periods based on the number of expanded leaves per tiller: 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5, were compared. Three groups of seven tester steers, one for each treatment, grazed the replications of each experimental paddocks, the animals being removed from a paddock after 4 to 5 day grazing period when its sward leaf area index (LAI) was 1.5, on the average. Sward height and available biomass increased while tiller population density and leaf-stem ratio decreased with regrowth period. Overall averages observed for LAI and photosyntheticly active radiation interception by the end …

Effect Of Different Strategies Of Management Of Elephantgrass On Pasture Availability And Milk Yield Of Crossbred Holstein X Zebu Cows, Fermino Deresz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The trial was done to study different strategies of pasture management on milk production of cows grazing Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.). The treatments were: Elephantgrass with 30 days of resting and fertilized monthly (30MF), fertilized every two months (30BF). Elephantgrass with 45 days of resting and a stubble height of 90-100 cm (45HS) or a stubble height of 40-50 cm (45LS). The stubble height for treatments 30MF and 30BF was 90-100 cm. The study was done using six crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows/treatment, with 100 days of lactation, on average. The experimental design was a completely randomized block …

A Brief Treatise On Bayesian Inverse Regression., Debashis Chatterjee Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Inverse problems, where in a broad sense the task is to learn from the noisy response about some unknown function, usually represented as the argument of some known functional form, has received wide attention in the general scientific disciplines. However, apart from the class of traditional inverse problems, there exists another class of inverse problems, which qualify as more authentic class of inverse problems, but unfortunately did not receive as much attention.In a nutshell, the other class of inverse problems can be described as the problem of predicting the covariates corresponding to given responses and the rest of the data. …

High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure Of Photosystem Ii From The Mesophilic Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803, Christopher J. Gisriel, Jimin Wang, Jinchan Liu, David A. Flesher, Krystle M. Reiss, Hao-Li Huang, Ke R. Yang, William H. Armstrong, M. R. Gunner, Victor S. Batista, Richard J. Debus, Gary W. Brudvig

Publications and Research

Photosystem II (PSII) enables global-scale, light-driven water oxidation. Genetic manipulation of PSII from the mesophilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has provided insights into the mechanism of water oxidation; however, the lack of a highresolution structure of oxygen-evolving PSII from this organism has limited the interpretation of biophysical data to models based on structures of thermophilic cyanobacterial PSII. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of PSII from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 at 1.93-Å resolution. A number of differences are observed relative to thermophilic PSII structures, including the following: the extrinsic subunit PsbQ is maintained, the C terminus of the …

Distribution And Characterization Of Rhyolites Of The Strawberry Volcanics -- Evolution Of A Major Rhyolite Field Associated With Columbia River Basalt Magmatism, Eastern Oregon, Usa, Chanel Leigh Dvorak

Dissertations and Theses

The Strawberry Rhyolites constitute a significant rhyolite field among the largest in Oregon. Aerial coverage of approximately 386 km² and an overall estimated volume of ~67 km³ using a median thickness for each unit. On the other hand, the total volume could be greater than 100 km³ if greater thicknesses apply. The Strawberry Rhyolites, a largely unknown mid-Miocene silicic volcanic rocks, crop out amongst voluminous flood basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) in eastern Oregon. The eruptive activity of the Strawberry Rhyolites is currently constrained to span a period of about 2 million years, …

Seedemu: The Seed Internet Emulator, Honghao Zeng

Theses - ALL

I studied and experimented with the idea of building an emulator for the Internet. While there are various already available options for such a task, none of them takes the emulation of the entire Internet as an important feature in mind. Those emulators and simulators can handle small-scale networks pretty well, but lacks the ability to handle large-size networks, mainly due to:

- Not being able to run many nodes, or requires very powerful hardware to do so,- Lacks convenient ways to build a large emulation, and - Lacks reusability: once something is built, it is very hard to re-use …

Buckling Patterns And Mechanics Of Thin Interfacial Polymer Films, Monica M. Ripp

Dissertations - ALL

Thin elastic solids are easily deformed and will readily collapse into complex buckling modes. They can also transition between distinct buckling modes when the confining forces evolve over time, forming a variety of robust and striking patterns. Here we explore how thin interfacial films and the buckling modes they present couple with evolving macroscopic forces and how multi-scale features of the systems give rise to patterns.

In the indentation of a circular film floating on a liquid bath three buckling modes arise: wrinkling, crumpling, and folding. This work shows that striking transitions between these states accompany four regimes in the …

Exploration Of Carbon-Oxygen And Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation Utilizing Trichloroacetimidates And Investigations Of New Reactions Mediated By Oxoammonium Salts, Rowan Meador

Dissertations - ALL

Mono-O-alkylated 1,1′-bi-2-naphthols (BINOLs) are often used as the source of chirality for catalysts or ligand systems that are employed in asymmetric organic transformations. However, these BINOLs can be hard to synthesize. The O-alkylation of BINOL can be accomplished with primary and secondary alkyl halides or under Mitsunobu conditions, the yields of these alkylations with tertiary halides or alcohols are very low. A new protocol was developed utilizing trichloroacetamide electrophiles to install bulky groups onto one of the phenolic oxygens. Trichloroacetimidates are also shown to be useful reactions for the synthesis of esters. These reagents proceeded through a symbiotic activation pathway. …

The Phase Behavior Of Ubqln Proteins And Implications For Protein Quality Control, Yiran Yang

Dissertations - ALL

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are essential pathways for maintaining protein quality control (PQC) in cells. Misfolded proteins and large aggregates are cleared by UPS and autophagy signaled by ubiquitin (Ub) or polyubiquitin (polyUb) chains. Shuttle proteins facilitate cargo transporting by interacting with both ubiquitin and degradation machineries. Previously, our lab discovered that the shuttle protein Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) is recruited to stress granules in cells and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro. LLPS is a biophysical process by which proteins separate themselves from the surrounding aqueous solution by forming protein-rich droplets. The overarching goals of this work are …

Direct Single Molecule Imaging Of Enhanced Diffusion For Enzymes And Enzyme-Conjugated Dna Origami, Mengqi Xu

Dissertations - ALL

Enzymes have been shown to diffuse faster in the presence of their substrates. Recently, we revealed new insights into this process of enhanced diffusion using single-particle tracking (SPT) with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. We found that the mobility of individual enzymes was enhanced three-fold in the presence of the substrate, and the motion remained Brownian. We showed that the relative increase in diffusion is independent of the total enzyme concentrations; and the oligomerization state of enzymes did not change during the catalytic turnover. These experiments ruled out the possibility that the enhanced enzyme diffusion was caused by the …

Fine Scales, Broad Consequences: Drivers And Effects Of Microclimatic Variation In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Jordan Rebecca Stark

Theses - ALL

Climate is highly variable at scales that are not captured by most weather and climate models due to local effects of topography and living systems. This variation in microclimate has been noted for many decades but has been difficult to incorporate into quantitative understanding of ecological systems and processes due to the large amount of data and complex models required to adequately describe fine-scale patterns across complex landscapes. In recent years, models of thermal microclimate variation have been developed using low-cost temperature sensors, but few of these models have been used to predict the effects of microclimatic variation on ecological …

Developing Novel Molecular Detection Techniques For Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae), Meg Sanders

Masters Theses

Hemlock forests in eastern North America face a deadly threat: the invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae. Early detection of this pest remains a key focus for management groups to ensure rapid response to control and stop the spread of HWA. In Chapter II, our goals were to develop an affordable, easy-to-use trap that is compatible with airborne eDNA sampling techniques and assess its efficiency as a monitoring tool for HWA. We tested three potential trap designs (i.e., passive trap, funnel trap, and motorized trap) against a standard sticky trap. Our passive, funnel, and motorized traps estimated …

First Measurement Of B(Ξc0 → Π−Λ+C ), Michael Kent Wilkinson

Dissertations - ALL

The first measurement of the branching fraction of the Ξc0 baryon in its decay to π− and Λ+c hadrons, B(Ξc0 → π−Λ+c ), is presented. This measurement was conducted with the LHCb detector, located on the Large Hadron Collider, using 13 TeV proton-proton collisions. There have been a number of theoretical predictions for the size of this branching fraction, spanning more than an order of magnitude; this large difference is primarily due to differing assumptions about the internal interactions contributing to the decay. The branching fraction measured here provides the first experimental evidence for the nature of these interactions; it …

A Solid-State Phase Camera For Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors, Erik Muniz

Dissertations - ALL

I present a novel way of wavefront sensing using a commercially available, continuouswavetime-of- ight camera with QVGA-resolution. This CMOS phase camera is capable of sensing externally modulated light sources with frequencies up to 100 MHz. The high-spatial-resolution of the sensor, combined with our integrated control electronics, allows the camera to image power modulation index as low as -62 dBc/second/pixel. The phase camera is applicable to problems where alignment and mode-mismatch sensing is needed and suited for diagnostic and control applications in gravitationalwave detectors. Specically, I explore the use of the phase camera in sensing the beat signals due to thermal …

Observation Of Ω Contribution In The C1(3872) → Π+Π−J/Ψ Decays, Baasansuren Batsukh

Dissertations - ALL

Resonant structure in the dipion mass spectrum produced via \decay{\Bu}{\X\Kp}, \decay{\X}{\jpsi \pip \pim}, with \decay{\jpsi}{\mu^+\mu^-} is analyzed using Run 1 and Run 2 data samples from the LHCb experiment. The spectrum is dominated by $\rhoz\to\pi^+\pi^-$, but cannot be described by this contribution alone. A significant $\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-$ contribution, interfering with $\rhoz$, is observed for the first time. This is a more significant observation ($>7.1\sigma$) of $\X\to\omega\jpsi$ decays, than previously achieved with $\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ decays. The relative contribution of $\omega$ to the total $\X\to\pi^+\pi^-\jpsi$ rate is at the level expected from the measured $\X\to(\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0)\jpsi$ rate, if the interference between the $\rho^0$ and …