Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

On The Efficacy Of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid As Anticancer Treatment: A Literature Survey, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbate) has a controversial history in cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that ascorbate in cancer treatment deserves re-examination. As research results concerning ascorbate pharmacokinetics and its mechanisms of action against tumor cells have been published, and as evidence from case studies has continued to mount that ascorbate therapy could be effective if the right protocols were used, interest among physicians and scientists has increased.

Neutrosophic Linear Programming Problems, Florentin Smarandache, Abdel-Nasser Hussian, Mai Mohamed, Mohamed Abdel-Baset

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Smarandache presented neutrosophic theory as a tool for handling undetermined information. Wang et al. introduced a single valued neutrosophic set that is a special neutrosophic sets and can be used expediently to deal with real-world problems, especially in decision support. In this paper, we propose linear programming problems based on neutrosophic environment. Neutrosophic sets are characterized by three independent parameters, namely truth-membership degree (T), indeterminacy-membership degree (I) and falsity-membership degree (F), which are more capable to handle imprecise parameters. We also transform the neutrosophic linear programming problem into a crisp programming model by using neutrosophic set parameters. To measure the …

Notions Of Rough Neutrosophic Digraphs, Florentin Smarandache, Nabeela Ishfaq, Sidra Sayed, Muhammad Akram

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Graph theory has numerous applications in various disciplines, including computer networks, neural networks, expert systems, cluster analysis, and image capturing. Rough neutrosophic set (NS) theory is a hybrid tool for handling uncertain information that exists in real life. In this research paper, we apply the concept of rough NS theory to graphs and present a new kind of graph structure, rough neutrosophic digraphs. We present certain operations, including lexicographic products, strong products, rejection and tensor products on rough neutrosophic digraphs. We investigate some of their properties. We also present an application of a rough neutrosophic digraph in decision-making.

Spanning Tree Problem With Neutrosophic Edge Weights, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Assia Bakali, Mohamed Talea, Arindam Dey, Le Hoang Son

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic set and neutrosophic logic theory are renowned theories to deal with complex, not clearly explained and uncertain real life problems, in which classical fuzzy sets/models may fail to model properly. This paper introduces an algorithm for finding minimum spanning tree (MST) of an undirected neutrosophic weighted connected graph (abbr. UNWCG) where the arc/edge lengths are represented by a single valued neutrosophic numbers. To build the MST of UNWCG, a new algorithm based on matrix approach has been introduced. The proposed algorithm is compared to other existing methods and finally a numerical example is provided.

Rough Neutrosophic Digraphs With Application, Florentin Smarandache, Sidra Sayed, Nabeela Ishfaq, Muhammad Akram

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

A rough neutrosophic set model is a hybrid model which deals with vagueness by using the lower and upper approximation spaces. In this research paper, we apply the concept of rough neutrosophic sets to graphs. We introduce rough neutrosophic digraphs and describe methods of their construction. Moreover, we present the concept of self complementary rough neutrosophic digraphs. Finally, we consider an application of rough neutrosophic digraphs in decision-making.

Operadores Con Conjunto Neutrosóficos De Valor Único Oversets, Undersets Y Offset, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and Logic were defined for the first time in 1995 and published in 2007. During 1995-2016 was presented them to various national and international conferences and seminars. These new notions are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, to Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise since our realworld has numerous examples and applications of over-/under-/off-neutrosophic components. Palabras clave. desbordado neutrosophic, underset neutrosophic, neutrosophic offset, neutrosophic sobre la lógica, neutrosophic bajo la lógica, neutrosophic off lógica, neutrosophic sobre la probabilidad, neutrosophic bajo probabilidad, neutrosophic de probabilidad, más de miembros (grado de pertenencia> 1), bajo de miembros (grado de pertenencia <0) , (grado de pertenencia fuera del intervalo [0, 1]) offmembership.

Neutrosophic Computing With Sympy (Computación Neutrosófica Mediante Sympy ), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this article the concept of neutrosophic number is presented. Jupyter through Google Colaboratory is introduced for calculations. The Sympy library is used to perform the process of neutrosophic computation. Systems of linear neutrosóficas equations are solved by means of the symbolic computation in python. A case study was developed for the determination of vehicular traffic with indeterminacy. As future works are the development of new applications in different areas of engineering and science.

Conjunto Plitogénico, Una Extensión De Los Conjuntos Crisp, Difusos, Conjuntos Difusos Intuicionistas Y Neutrosóficos Revisitado, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

En el presente artículo, introducimos el conjunto plitogénico (como generalización de conjuntos nítidos, borrosos, intuicionistas, borrosos y neutrosóficos), que es un conjunto cuyos elementos se caracterizan por los valores de muchos atrib utos. Un valor de atributo v tiene un grado correspondiente (difuso, intuicionista difuso o neutrosófico) de pertenencia d (x, v) del elemento x, al conjunto P, con respecto a algunos criterios dados. Para obtener una mejor precisión para los operadores d e agregación plitogénica en el conjunto plitogénico, y para una inclusión más exacta (orden parcial), se define un grado de contradicción (disimilitud difusa, intuicionista difusa o neutrosófica) …

Fundamentals Of Neutrosophic Logic And Sets And Their Role In Artificial Intelligence (Fundamentos De La Lógica Y Los Conjuntos Neutrosóficos Y Su Papel En La Inteligencia Artificial ), Florentin Smarandache, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy which studies the origin, nature and scope of neutralities. This has formed the basis for a series of mathematical theories that generalize the classical and fuzzy theories such as the neutrosophic sets and the neutrosophic logic. In the paper, the fundamental concepts related to neutrosophy and its antecedents are presented. Additionally, fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence will be defined and how neutrosophy has come to strengthen this discipline.

N-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Logic And Its Applications To Physics (Lógica Neutrosófica Refinada N-Valuada Y Sus Aplicaciones A La Física), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general nsymbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, and respectively.

Modelo De Recomendación Basado En Conocimiento Y Números Svn, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Recommendation models are useful in the decision-making process that allow the user a set of options that are expected to meet their expectations. Recommendation models are useful in the decision-making process that offer the user a set of options that are expected to meet their SVN expectations to express linguistic terms.

Neutrosophic Computing And Machine Learning, Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

La neutrosofía es una nueva rama de la filosofía la cual estudia el origen, naturaleza y alcance de las neutralidades, así como sus interacciones con diferentes espectros ideacionales: (A) es una idea, proposición, teoría, evento, concepto o entidad; anti (A) es el opuesto de (A); y (neut-A) significa ni (A) ni anti (A), es decir, la neutralidad entre los dos extremos. Etimológicamente neutron-sofía [Frances neutre < Latin neuter, neutral, y griego sophia, conocimiento] significa conocimiento de los pensamiento neutrales y comenzó en 1995. Su teoría fundamental afirma que toda idea < A > tiende a ser neutralizada, disminuida, balaceada por las ideas (no solo como Hegel planteó)- como un estado de equilibrio.

Word-Level Neutrosophic Sentiment Similarity, Florentin Smarandache, Mihaela Colhon, Stefan Vladutescu, Xenis Negrea

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In the specialised literature, there are many approaches developed for capturing textual measures: textual similarity, textual readability and textual sentiment. This paper proposes a new sentiment similarity measures between pairs of words using a fuzzy-based approach in which words are considered single-valued neutrosophic sets. We build our study with the aid of the lexical resource SentiWordNet 3.0 as our intended scope is to design a new word-level similarity measure calculated by means of the sentiment scores of the involved words. Our study pays attention to the polysemous words because these words are a real challenge for any application that processes …

Improved Definition Of Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic And Introduction To Neutrosophic Hyperreals (Third Version), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

On the third version of this response-paper to Imamura’s criticism, we recall that NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic was never used by neutrosophic community in no application, that the quarter of century old neutrosophic operators (1995-1998) criticized by Imamura were never utilized since they were improved shortly after but he omits to tell their development, and that in real world applications we need to convert/approximate the NonStandard Analysis hyperreals, monads and binads to tiny intervals with the desired accuracy – otherwise they would be inapplicable. We point out several errors and false statements by Imamura with respect to the inf/sup of nonstandard …

Collaborative Fall Detection Using Smartphone And Kinect, Xue Li, Lanshun Nie, Hanchuan Xu, Xianzhi Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Humanfall detection has attracted broad attentions as sensors and mobile devices are increasingly adopted in real-life scenarios such as smart homes. The complexity of activities in home environments pose severe challenges to the fall detection research with respect to the detection accuracy. We propose a collaborative detection platform that combines two subsystems: a threshold-based fall detection subsystem using mobile phones and a support vector machine (SVM)-based fall detection subsystem using Kinects. Both subsystems have their respective confidence models and the platform detects falls by fusing the data of both subsystems using two methods: the logical rules-based and D-S evidence fusion …

Simulation-Based Security Of Function-Hiding Inner Product Encryption, Qingsong Zhao, Qingkai Zeng, Ximeng Liu, Huanliang Xu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Functional encryption (FE) [1,2] is a modern type of encryption scheme that extends several previous notions and allows tremendous flexibility in controlling and computing on encrypted data. FE enables an authority to derive constrained decryption keys that are used by a user to obtain specific functions of encrypted messages. Informally, the authority generates a secret key skf for a function f from a master secret key. Then, the user can only learn f(x) from a ciphertext Enc(x) with skf and reveal nothing else about x.

Detecting Fake News In Social Media Networks, Monther Aldwairi, Ali Alwahedi

All Works

© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Fake news and hoaxes have been there since before the advent of the Internet. The widely accepted definition of Internet fake news is: fictitious articles deliberately fabricated to deceive readers'. Social media and news outlets publish fake news to increase readership or as part of psychological warfare. Ingeneral, the goal is profiting through clickbaits. Clickbaits lure users and entice curiosity with flashy headlines or designs to click links to increase advertisements revenues. This exposition analyzes the prevalence of fake news in light of the advances in communication made possible by the emergence …

A Generalized Deep Learning-Based Diagnostic System For Early Diagnosis Of Various Types Of Pulmonary Nodules, Ahmed Shaffie, Ahmed Soliman, Luay Fraiwan, Mohammed Ghazal, Fatma Taher, Neal Dunlap, Brian Wang, Victor Van Berkel, Robert Keynton, Adel Elmaghraby, Ayman El-Baz

All Works

© The Author(s) 2018. A novel framework for the classification of lung nodules using computed tomography scans is proposed in this article. To get an accurate diagnosis of the detected lung nodules, the proposed framework integrates the following 2 groups of features: (1) appearance features modeled using the higher order Markov Gibbs random field model that has the ability to describe the spatial inhomogeneities inside the lung nodule and (2) geometric features that describe the shape geometry of the lung nodules. The novelty of this article is to accurately model the appearance of the detected lung nodules using a new …

Dictionary Learning With Structured Noise, Pan Zhou, Cong Fang, Zhouchen Lin, Chao Zhang, Y. Edward Chang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recently, lots of dictionary learning methods have been proposed and successfully applied. However, many of them assume that the noise in data is drawn from Gaussian or Laplacian distribution and therefore they typically adopt the 2 or 1 norm to characterize these two kinds of noise, respectively. Since this assumption is inconsistent with the real cases, the performance of these methods is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel dictionary learning with structured noise (DLSN) method for handling noisy data. We decompose the original data into three parts: clean data, structured noise, and Gaussian noise, and then characterize them …

Secure Smart Metering Based On Lora Technology, Yao Cheng, Hendra Saputra, Leng Meng Goh, Yongdong Wu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Smart metering allows Substation Automation System (SAS) to remotely and timely read smart meters. Despite its advantages, smart metering brings some challenges. a) It introduces cyber attack risks to the metering system, which may lead to user privacy leakage or even the compromise of smart metering systems. b) Although the majority of meters are located within a regional power supply area, some hard-to-reach nodes are geographically far from the clustered area, which account for a big portion of the entire smart metering operation cost. Facing the above challenges, we propose a secure smart metering infrastructure based on LoRa technology which …

Securing Display Path For Security-Sensitive Applications On Mobile Devices, Jinhua Cui, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zhiping Cai, Anfeng Liu, Yangyang Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

While smart devices based on ARM processor bring us a lot of convenience, they also become an attractive target of cyber-attacks. The threat is exaggerated as commodity OSes usually have a large code base and suffer from various software vulnerabilities. Nowadays, adversaries prefer to steal sensitive data by leaking the content of display output by a security-sensitive application. A promising solution is to exploit the hardware visualization extensions provided by modern ARM processors to construct a secure display path between the applications and the display device. In this work, we present a scheme named SecDisplay for trusted display service, it …

Efficient And Privacy-Preserving Outsourced Calculation Of Rational Numbers, Ximeng Liu, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Robert H. Deng, Rongxing Lu, Jian Weng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose a framework for efficient and privacy-preserving outsourced calculation of rational numbers, which we refer to as POCR. Using POCR, a user can securely outsource the storing and processing of rational numbers to a cloud server without compromising the security of the (original) data and the computed results. We present the system architecture of POCR and the associated toolkits required in the privacy preserving calculation of integers and rational numbers to ensure that commonly used outsourced operations can be handled on-the-fly. We then prove that the proposed POCR achieves the goal of secure integer and rational …

Hybrid Privacy-Preserving Clinical Decision Support System In Fog-Cloud Computing, Ximeng Liu, Robert H. Deng, Yang Yang, Ngoc Hieu Tran, Shangping Zhong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose a framework for hybrid privacy-preserving clinical decision support system in fog cloud computing, called HPCS. In HPCS, a fog server uses a lightweight data mining method to securely monitor patients' health condition in real-time. The newly detected abnormal symptoms can be further sent to the cloud server for high-accuracy prediction in a privacy-preserving way. Specifically, for the fog servers, we design a new secure outsourced inner-product protocol for achieving secure lightweight single-layer neural network. Also, a privacy-preserving piecewise polynomial calculation protocol allows cloud server to securely perform any activation functions in multiple-layer neural network. Moreover, …

Smartwatch-Based Early Gesture Detection & Trajectory Tracking For Interactive Gesture-Driven Applications, Tran Huy Vu, Archan Misra, Quentin Roy, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Youngki Lee

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The paper explores the possibility of using wrist-worn devices (specifically, a smartwatch) to accurately track the hand movement and gestures for a new class of immersive, interactive gesture-driven applications. These interactive applications need two special features: (a) the ability to identify gestures from a continuous stream of sensor data early–i.e., even before the gesture is complete, and (b) the ability to precisely track the hand’s trajectory, even though the underlying inertial sensor data is noisy. We develop a new approach that tackles these requirements by first building a HMM-based gesture recognition framework that does not need an explicit segmentation step, …

Integrated Reward Scheme And Surge Pricing In A Ride Sourcing Market, Hai Yang, Chaoyi Shao, Hai Wang, Jieping Ye

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Surge pricing is commonly used in on-demand ride-sourcing platforms (e.g., Uber, Lyft and Didi) to dynamically balance demand and supply. However, since the price for ride service cannot be unlimited, there is usually a reasonable or legitimate range of prices in practice. Such a constrained surge pricing strategy fails to balance demand and supply in certain cases, e.g., even adopting the maximum allowed price cannot reduce the demand to an affordable level during peak hours. In addition, the practice of surge pricing is controversial and has stimulated long debate regarding its pros and cons. In this paper, to address the …

User-Friendly Deniable Storage For Mobile Devices, Bing Chang, Yao Cheng, Bo Chen, Fengwei Zhang, Wen-Tao Zhu, Yingjiu Li, Zhan. Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Mobile devices are prevalently used to process sensitive data, but traditional encryption may not work when an adversary is able to coerce the device owners to disclose the encryption keys. Plausibly Deniable Encryption (PDE) is thus designed to protect sensitive data against this powerful adversary. In this paper, we present MobiPluto, a user-friendly PDE scheme for denying the existence of sensitive data stored on mobile devices. A salient difference between MobiPluto and the existing PDE systems is that any block-based file systems can be deployed on top of it. To further improve usability and deniability of MobiPluto, we introduce a …

Real-World Large-Scale Iot Systems For Community Eldercare: A Comparative Study On System Dependability, Hwee-Pink Tan, Austin Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The paradigm of aging-in-place — where the elderly live and age in their own homes, independently and safely, with care provided by the community — is compelling, especially in societies that face both shortages in institutionalized eldercare resources, and rapidly-aging populations. Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, particularly in-home monitoring solutions, are commercially available, and can be a fundamental enabler of smart community eldercare, if they are dependable. In this paper, we present our findings on system performance of solutions from two vendors, which we have deployed at scale for technology-enabled community care. In particular, we highlight the importance of quantifying actual system …

Online/Offline Traceable Attribute-Based Encryption [In Chinese], Kai Zhang, Jianfeng Ma, Junwei Zhang, Zuobin Ying, Tao Zhang, Ximeng Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Attribute-based encryption (ABE), as a public key encryption, can be utilized for fine-grained access control. However, there are two main drawbacks that limit the applications of attribute-based encryption. First, as different users may have the same decryption privileges in ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption, it is difficult to catch the users who sell their secret keys for financial benefit. Second, the number of resource-consuming exponentiation operations required to encrypt a message in ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption grows with the complexity of the access policy, which presents a significant challenge for the users who encrypt data on mobile devices. Towards this end, after proposing …

Regional Sea Level Rise Along The United States Coasts, Alessandra G. Burgos

OES Theses and Dissertations

Over the past several years, there has been several studies focused on reconstructing global mean sea level (GMSL) for the 20th century, along with projecting rates out into the future. Of greater importance for mitigation and adaptation plans, however, is the rate of local or regional sea level (RSL) rise. Ocean dynamics along with changes in Earth’s gravitational field can cause RSL to deviate from the change in GMSL. During the satellite altimeter era covering the past two decades, RSL trends can be four times the global average, with much of this spatial variation due to internal climate variability. Isolating …

Development Of A Laser-Spark Multicharged Ion System – Application In Shallow Implantation Of Sic By Boron And Barium, Md. Haider Ali Shaim

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A novel multicharged ion source, using laser ablation induced plasma coupled with spark discharge, has been investigated in this work. The designed and demonstrated ion source is cost-effective, compact and versatile. Experiments are described with the intention of demonstrating the practicability of ion implantation via laser ion source.

Multicharged aluminum ions are generated by a ns Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulse ablation of an aluminum target in an ultrahigh vacuum. The experiments are conducted using laser pulse energies of 45–90 mJ focused on the Al target surface by a lens with an 80-cm focal length to 0.0024 cm² spot area …