Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Environmental Awareness Of Waterville Junior High School Students, Jenna Morrison

Honors Theses

An environmental awareness survey was designed to assess the influences of gender and grade level on the relationships among outdoor experience, environmental knowledge, and environmental behavior at Waterville Junior High School, Waterville, ME. Environmental awareness indicates a fundamental understanding of the natural world, which is essential for developing future sustainable development. The foundation and acquisition of environmental knowledge of Waterville Junior High School students was determined using the multiple-choice survey. A total of 125 sixth graders and 136 eighth graders were surveyed. 61% of sixth graders and 73% of eighth graders indicated that their most common source of environmental information …

Discovery Of Outlying High-Velocity Oxygen-Rich Ejecta In Cassiopeia A, Robert A. Fesen, Molly C. Hammell, Jon Morse, Roger A. Chevalier, Kazimierz J. Borkowski, Michael A. Dopita, Christopher L. Gerardy, Stephen S. Lawrence, John C. Raymond, Sydney Van Den Bergh

Dartmouth Scholarship

Analysis of broadband HST ACS and WFPC2 images of the young Galactic supernova remnant Cassiopeia A reveals a far larger population of outlying, high-velocity knots of ejecta with a broader range of chemical properties than previously suspected. ACS filte r flux ratios along with follow-up, ground-based spectra are used to investigate some of the kinema tic and chemical properties of these outermost ejecta. In this paper, we concentrate on a ≃ 1.5 sq arcmin region located along the eastern limb of the remnant where numerous outer emission knots are optica lly visible due to an interaction with a local circumstellar …

Comments On The Mechanism Of Aging Of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Based Electrochromic Devices, Joo C. Chan, Nicole A. Hannah, Shankar B. Rananavare, Laura Yeager, Liviu Dinescu, Ashok Saraswat, Pradeep Iyer, James P. Coleman

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electrochromic effects of antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles are investigated to probe device yellowing (degradation). Voltage vs contrast ratio curves exhibit hysteresis, i.e., image-sticking phenomena due to irreversible charge insertion. X-ray, impedance and optical b* studies suggest that the yellowing/charge trapping is nanoparticle size-dependent with 4 nm size particles exhibiting the least yellowing. Yellowing results in increased impedances of electrode–electrolyte interface and electrode corrosion. Plausible sources of discoloration are formation of insulating complex alkali oxide film, carrier inversion (n-to-p type) through electrochemical Li doping, redeposition of the corroded electrode material and perhaps residual concentration of charge-transfer species.

Two Way Diffusion Model For The Recording Mechanism In A Self-Developing Dry Acrylamide Photopolymer, Suzanne Martin, Izabela Naydenova, Raghavendra Jallapuram, Robert Howard, Vincent Toal

Conference Papers

In our most recent study [1] diffusion constants were measured in the simplified monoacrylamide version of a dry acrylamide based photopolymer holographic recording material developed in the Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics. In this paper we report diffusion constants for the commonly used photopolymer formulation, which also contains the crosslinker bisacrylamide. A physical model for the recording mechanism is proposed which explains the two way diffusion observed in both systems, and is in agreement with much of the previously observed behaviour of the material, particularly in regard to dependence of diffraction efficiency growth on spatial frequency and persistence of …

On The Use Of Gaussian Filter Functions For Adaptive Optics, Merfit Assad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For adaptive optic systems, the use of aperture filter functions calculated using various Zernike modes can be useful in removing lower-order aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence. Traditionally, these filter functions are calculated using the step function depicting a hard aperture that introduces integrals that are sometimes difficult to integrate and must be done numerically. The Gaussian method can be used in place of the conventional method for calculating the aperture filter functions. Evaluation of the Gaussian approximation for modeling a finite receiver aperture can be made by comparison of reduction in phase variance with results achieved using the conventional method. …

Analytical Potential Of Polymerized Liposomes Bound To Lanthanide Ions For Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of Proteins, Marina Santos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the intriguing features of biological systems is the prevalence of highly selective and often very strong interactions among different cellular components. Such interactions play a variety of organizational, mechanical, and physiological roles at the cellular and organism levels. Antigen-antibody complexes are representative examples of highly selective and potent interactions involving proteins. The marked specificity of protein-antibody complexes have led to a wide range of applications in cellular and molecular biology related research. They have become an integral research tool in the present genomic and proteomic era. Unfortunately, the production of selective tools based on antigen-antibody interactions requires cumbersome …

Design And Optimization Of Nano-Optical Elements By Coupling Fabrication To Optical Behavior, Raymond Rumpf

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Photonic crystals and nanophotonics have received a great deal of attention over the last decade, largely due to improved numerical modeling and advances in fabrication technologies. To this day, fabrication and optical behavior remain decoupled during the design phase and numerous assumptions are made about "perfect" geometry. As research moves from theory to real devices, predicting device behavior based on realistic geometry becomes critical. In this dissertation, a set of numerical tools was developed to model micro and nano fabrication processes. They were combined with equally capable tools to model optical performance of the simulated structures. Using these tools, it …

Predicting Surface Scatter Using A Linear Systems Formulation Of Non-Paraxial Scalar Diffraction, Andrey Krywonos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Scattering effects from rough surfaces are non-paraxial diffraction phenomena resulting from random phase variations in the reflected wavefront. The ability to predict these effects is important in a variety of applications including x-ray and EUV imaging, the design of stray light rejection systems, and reflection modeling for rendering realistic scenes and animations of physical objects in computer graphics. Rayleigh-Rice (small perturbation method) and Beckmann-Kirchoff (Kirchhoff approximation) theories are commonly used to predict surface scatter effects. In addition, Harvey and Shack developed a linear systems formulation of surface scatter phenomena in which the scattering behavior is characterized by a surface transfer …

Probing Random Media With Singular Waves, Chaim Schwartz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years a resurgence of interest in wave singularities (of which optical vortices are a prominent example), light angular momentum and the relations between them has occurred. Many applications in various areas of linear and non-linear optics have been based on studying effects related to angular momentum and optical vortices. This dissertation examines the use of such wave singularities for studying the light propagation in highly inhomogeneous media and the relationship to angular momentum transfer. Angular momentum carried by light can be, in many cases, divided in two terms. The first one relates to the polarization of light and …

Quantitative High-Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission To Electron Microscopy For Materials Science, Rumyana Petrova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been widely used for characterization of materials; to identify micro- and nano-structures within a sample and to analyze crystal and defect structures. High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) STEM imaging using atomic number (Z) contrast has proven capable of resolving atomic structures with better than 2 A lateral resolution. In this work, the HAADF STEM imaging mode is used in combination with multislice simulations. This combination is applied to the investigation of the temperature dependence of the intensity collected by the HAADF detector in silicon, and to convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) to measure the …

Exploration Of Ground Penetrating Radar And Time Domain Reflectometry Methods For The Determination Of Pavement Dielectric Constant, Baron W. Colbert

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Traditionally, densities of newly built roadways are checked by direct sampling (cores) or by nuclear density gauge measurements. For roadway engineers, density of asphalt pavement surfaces is essential to determine pavement quality. Unfortunately, field measurements of density by direct sampling or by nuclear measurement are slow processes. Therefore, I have explored the use of rapidly-deployed ground penetrating radar (GPR) as an alternative means of determining pavement quality. The dielectric constant of pavement surface may be a substructure parameter that correlates with pavement density, and can be used as a proxy when density of asphalt is not known from nuclear or …

Efficient Scheduling For Sdmg Cioq Switches, Mei Yang, S. Q. Zheng

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

Combined input and output queuing (CIOQ) switches are being considered as high-performance switch architectures due to their ability to achieve 100% throughput and perfectly emulate output queuing (OQ) switch performance with a small speedup factor S. To realize a speedup factor S, a conventional CIOQ switch requires the switching fabric and memories to operate S times faster than the line rate. In this paper, we propose to use a CIOQ switch with space-division multiplexing expansion and grouped input/output ports (SDMG CIOQ switch for short) to realize speedup while only requiring the switching fabric and memories to operate at the line …

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration In Cement Kiln Dust Through Miner Carbonation, Deborah N. Huntzinger

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

The feasibility of carbon sequestration in cement kiln dust (CKD) was investigated in a series of batch and column experiments conducted under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The significance of this work is the demonstration that alkaline wastes, such as CKD, are highly reactive with carbon dioxide (CO₂). In the presence of water, CKD can sequester greater than 80% of its theoretical capacity for carbon without any amendments or modifications to the waste. Other mineral carbonation technologies for carbon sequestration rely on the use of mined mineral feedstocks as the source of oxides. The mining, pre-processing and reaction …

Analyzing The Effects Of Vertical Acceleration And Deceleration In Multi-Phase, Debris-Flow Sediment-Column Experiments / By Christine Marie Williams., Christine Marie Williams

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Water-saturated debris flows are among some of the most destructive mass movements. Their complex nature presents a challenge for quantitative description and modeling. In order to improve understanding of the dynamics of these flows, it is important to seek a simplified dynamic system underlying their behavior. Models currently in use to describe the motion of debris flows employ depth-averaged equations of motion, typically assuming negligible effects from vertical acceleration. However, in many cases debris flows experience significant vertical acceleration as they move across irregular surfaces, and it has been proposed that friction associated with vertical forces and liquefaction merit inclusion …

The Roles Of Digital Libraries In Teaching And Learning Geography, Chew-Hung Chang, John Hedberg, Tiong-Sa Teh, Ee Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Adopting a problem-centred approach helps students to learn Geography more effectively as they are able to identify and generalize about where different resources or activities are spatially located and they learn to associate certain patterns and processes with geographical changes. In an era where web-based student-centred inquiry is gaining popularity as a mode of learning Geography, the role of digital libraries as delivery trucks (in Clark’s terminology, 1983) needs to be better understood. An obvious affordance of the digital library is that it organizes information around themes for problems to be solved. This paper describes a developmental project to build …

Multiagent Teamwork: Hybrid Approaches, Praveen Paruchuri, Emma Bowring, Ranjit Nair, Jonathan Pearce, Nathan Schurr, Milind Tambe, Pradeep Varakantham

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Today within the multiagent community, we see at least four competing methods to building multiagent systems: beliefdesireintention (BDI), distributed constraint optimization (DCOP), distributed POMDPs, and auctions or game-theoretic methods. While there is exciting progress within each approach, there is a lack of cross-cutting research. This article highlights the various hybrid techniques for multiagent teamwork developed by the teamcore group. In particular, for the past decade, the TEAMCORE research group has focused on building agent teams in complex, dynamic domains. While our early work was inspired by BDI, we will present an overview of recent research that uses DCOPs and distributed …

Service-Learning In Watershed-Based Initiatives: Keys To Education For Sustainability In Geography?, James Eflin, Amy L. Sheaffer

Service Learning, General

A call for combining the strengths of geographic education with environmental education to produce an 'education for sustainability' addresses local problems for sustainable development. A place-based approach encourages civic responsibility among students. Using service-learning to extend education beyond the classroom in this case study connected students with local clients in a watershed-based initiative. Theoretical underpinnings of service-learning for geographic education are discussed, and the case study is viewed from instructor, student, and client perspectives to identify successful outcomes and provide suggestions for those who might adopt service-learning for the first time.

Matrix-J-Unitary Non-Commutative Rational Formal Power Series, Daniel Alpay, D. S. Kalyuzhnyi-Verbovetzkii

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Formal power series in N non-commuting indeterminates can be considered as a counterpart of functions of one variable holomorphic at 0, and some of their properties are described in terms of coefficients. However, really fruitful analysis begins when one considers for them evaluations on N-tuples of n × n matrices (with n = 1, 2, . . .) or operators on an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space. Moreover, such evaluations appear in control, optimization and stabilization problems of modern system engineering.

In this paper, a theory of realization and minimal factorization of rational matrix-valued functions which are J-unitary on the imaginary …

Quantum Dynamics As An Analog Of Conditional Probability, Matthew S. Leifer

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Quantum theory can be regarded as a noncommutative generalization of classical probability. From this point of view, one expects quantum dynamics to be analogous to classical conditional probabilities. In this paper, a variant of the well-known isomorphism between completely positive maps and bipartite density operators is derived, which makes this connection much more explicit. This isomorphism is given an operational interpretation in terms of statistical correlations between ensemble preparation procedures and outcomes of measurements. Finally, the isomorphism is applied to elucidate the connection between no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems and the monogamy of entanglement, and a simplified proof of the no-broadcasting …

Conditional Density Operators And The Subjectivity Of Quantum Operations, Matthew S. Leifer

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Assuming that quantum states, including pure states, represent subjective degrees of belief rather than objective properties of systems, the question of what other elements of the quantum formalism must also be taken as subjective is addressed. In particular, we ask this of the dynamical aspects of the formalism, such as Hamiltonians and unitary operators. Whilst some operations, such as the update maps corresponding to a complete projective measurement, must be subjective, the situation is not so clear in other cases. Here, it is argued that all trace preserving completely positive maps, including unitary operators, should be regarded as subjective, in …

Diurnal Temperature Range Over The United States: A Satellite View, D. Sun, R. T. Pinker, Menas Kafatos

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important climate change index. Information on this parameter comes primarily from sparse and unevenly distributed observations of shelter air temperature. In this study, five years of GOES- 8 based estimates of land surface temperature (LST) over the United States are used to evaluate DTR at high spatial resolution. The spatial and temporal patterns that emerged show a high degree of consistency with independent satellite estimates of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Specifically, the arid regions in the western and central U.S. have larger DTRs than the eastern United States or the northwest coast. …

Handling The Subclassing Anomaly With Object Teams, Jeff Furlong, Atanas Radenski

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Existing Java software or libraries can evolve via subclassing. Unfortunately, subclassing may not properly support code adaptation when there are dependencies between classes. More precisely, subclassing in collections of related classes may require reimplementation of otherwise valid classes. This problem is defined as the subclassing anomaly, which is an issue when software evolution or code reuse is a goal of the programmer who is using existing classes. Object Teams offers an implicit fix to this problem and is largely compatible with the existing JVM’s. In this paper, we evaluate how well Object Teams succeeds in providing a solution for a …

Computational Sciences: At The Intersection Of Science And Engineering - Case Study For Academic And Research Programs, Menas Kafatos, P. A. Becker, Z. Boybeyi

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

No abstract provided.

Growing A Better Food System: An Analysis Of The Impact Of California School Gardens On The Sustainable Food And Food Security Movements, Michael Press

Pomona Senior Theses

In recent decades, environmental problems associated with conventional agriculture, children’s nutrition, and concern over the adequacy of the current food supply have led to the emergence of the sustainable food and food security movements. These issues have also inspired the state of California to pass legislation to place a garden in every school in the state. This thesis analyzes the accuracy of this policy’s implementation and its effects on the sustainable food and food security movements. Research found that the loss of state funding for this policy and the administrative, logistical, and informational barriers to establishing garden education programs has …

Quasi Separation Axioms, Mohammad S. Sarsak

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In [5], Maheshwari et al. introduced and studied some new separation axioms, namely, quasi semi T_i axioms where i \in {0, 1, 2}, the quasi semi T_{1/2} axiom was then introduced and investigated by Gyu-Ihn et al. in [2]. In the present paper we introduce and study quasi T_i axioms, i \in {0, 1 / 2, 1, 2} as a special variety of quasi semi T_i axioms, the class of quasi T_{1/2} (respectively, quasi T_1) bitopological spaces is placed between quasi T_0 (respectively, quasi T_{1/2}) bitopological spaces and quasi T_1 (respectively, quasi T_2) bitopological spaces. Among several counter examples we …

Quasi-Dual Modules, M. Tamer Koşan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let R be a ring, M be a right R-module and S = End_R(M). M is called a quasi-dual module if, for every R-submodule N of M, N is a direct summand of r_M(X) where X \subseteq S. In this article, we study and provide several characterizations of this module classes. We show that if M is quasi-dual module, then, for all m \in M, r_M \ell_S(m) = mR \oplus K for some submodule K of M. We also show that every quasi-dual module is a Kasch module and Z(_SM) \subseteq Rad (M_R).

The Restriction And The Continuity Properties Of Potentials Depending On \Lambda-Distance, M. Zeki̇ Sarikaya, Hüseyi̇n Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this study we establish theorems on the restriction and continuity of the generalized Riesz potentials with the non-isotropic kernels depending on \lambda-distance.

The Radius Of Starlikeness P-Valently Analytic Functions In The Unit Disc, Yaşar Polatoğlu, Meti̇n Bolcal, Arzu Şen, H. Esra Özkan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In the present paper we shall give the radius of starlikeness for the classes of p-valent analytic functions in the unit disc D = { z z < 1 }.

Two-Weight Norm Inequalities For Some Anisotropic Sublinear Operators, Yusuf Zeren, V. S. Guliyev

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we establish several general theorems for the boundedness of the anisotropic sublinear operators on a weighted Lebesgue space. Conditions of these theorems are satisfied by many important operators in analysis. We also give some applications the boundedness of the parabolic singular integral operators, and the maximal operators associated with them from one weighted Lebesgue space to another one. Using this results, we prove weighted embedding theorems for the anisotropic Sobolev spaces W_{\omega_0,\omega_1,...,\omega_n}^{l_1,...,l_n}(\Rn).

On Graded Weakly Prime Ideals, Shahabaddin Ebrahimi Atani

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let G be an arbitrary group with identity e, and let R be a G-graded commutative ring. Weakly prime ideals in a commutative ring with non-zero identity have been introduced and studied in [1]. Here we study the graded weakly prime ideals of a G-graded commutative ring. A number of results concerning graded weakly prime ideals are given. For example, we give some characterizations of graded weakly prime ideals and their homogeneous components.