Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Numerical Analysis Of The Sir Model For Predicting Disease Spread, Victoria Gaibor, Isabel Tejada, Kate Moore

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This project, Numerical Solutions of the SIR Model for Predicting Disease Spread, investigates the application of numerical methods to analyze the dynamics of infectious diseases using the classical Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model. The SIR model, a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, is widely used to describe how diseases such as COVID-19 propagate through a population. The primary objective of this study is to solve the SIR initial value problem using multiple numerical techniques, including Euler’s method, Runge–Kutta methods, and multistep methods, and to compare their accuracy and efficiency. The model is implemented using given initial conditions and parameters, and additional …

Mechanical Vibrations And Damping – Structural Analysis, Kelsey Hunsicker, Sarah Kraus, Sophia Muller Martinelli De Souza

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Mechanical Vibrations are crucial in understanding and structural analysis of engineering systems such as bridges and airplane wings. If not considered, these vibrations can lead to structural fatigue or failure. By using differential equations, structural vibrations will be examined. Researching the different kinds of vibrations and damping will help to find the vibration behavior of the system. For example, a mass-spring damper system will use second-order linear differential equations. The systems model can be shown to be underdamped, overdamped, or critically damped. These will compare the amplitudes and oscillation differences between the systems by using computational code. Analyzing these differences …

Numerical Investigation Of The Nonlinear Simple Pendulum And The Dependence Of Oscillation Period On Initial Angle, Kelly Wold, Aidan Hart, Patrick Gilliam

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Numerical Investigation of the Nonlinear Simple Pendulum and the Dependence of Oscillation Period on Initial Angle examines how the oscillation period of a simple pendulum varies with initial angular displacement and evaluates the accuracy of numerical methods in capturing this behavior. In classical treatments, the small-angle approximation simplifies the governing differential equation and predicts a constant period independent of amplitude; however, this assumption breaks down for larger angles, where the system exhibits nonlinear dynamics. The objective of this project is to model the full nonlinear equation of motion and quantify how the period depends on initial conditions. To achieve this, …

Engineering Path Trajectories With Gravitational Fields, Eliane Dean, Aidan Hart, Isabel Noot, Nathan Browning, Valeria Villazon Fito

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This project explores how vector calculus concepts play a role in aerospace engineering though spacecraft trajectory design. In particular, the notion of vector fields is used to model the gravitational force, whose work done is expressed through line integrals. By taking the curl of the gravitational field and showing it is zero, the field is recognised as conservative, implying that the work done by gravity is path independent. This property is conceptually linked to gravitational potential energy and the principle of energy conservation. The results are then applied to spacecraft motion, where engineers use energy-base methods to determine efficient trajectories …

Visualizing The Invisible: Simulating Electromagnetic Field In 3d Space With Matlab, Aashman Gupta, Eliane Dean, Riley Esperanca, Hailey Grabinski, Jacob Summerhays, Ameya Sute

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Electromagnetic field behaviours in free space are defined by Maxwell’s Equations, which couple the temporal and spatial variations of electric and magnetic fields through partial derivatives. These derivatives quantify the rate of change of each field’s vector component with respect to position and time in a 3D lattice, forming the basis for numerical field analysis. This research will develop a mathematical and computational framework using multivariable calculus to model, simulate, and visualize electromagnetic wave propagation in free space using MATLAB. Gradient, divergence, and curl operations are implemented to compute local field variations and energy transfer. The resulting data are used …

Simulating Pacemakers And Heartbeat Recovery Through Mathematical Modeling, Thomas Estrada, Jayla Edwards

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Title: Simulating Pacemakers and Heartbeat Recovery Through Mathematical Modeling   This study utilizes the Fitzhugh-Nagumo model to simulate cardiac electrical activity and the regulatory role of pacemakers through ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By defining the rate of change for membrane voltage, 𝑑𝑣/dt, and a recovery variable, 𝑑𝑤/dt, the model captures the heart's excitability and resting states. Central to the analysis is the stimulus current parameter, which represents the "kick" provided by a pacemaker to correct flatline conditions or weak heartbeats. Using Euler’s method for numerical integration, the research compares unstable cardiac rhythms against corrected periodic oscillations. Additionally, the project implements vector …

Modelling Quadcopter Thrust And Torque Using Lu-Decomposition, Diya Patil

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

3 & 4 motor systems have been in the world of aviation in many different forms as the field grows and evolves. To understand the complexities of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and its stability, assessing the amount of thrust put into each motor can help generate the torque produced despite factors such as multidirectional movement. While a UAV does this multiple times a second, producing a simplified version of this calculation can aid in simpler models simulating UAV movement. Due to the popularity of the quadcopter drone, a simple algorithm depicting thrust through each spinning motor can aid in …

Bridging The Gap: Cybersecurity And Occupational Safety Frameworks In Ai Data Centers, Athena Leader

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Bridging the Gap: Cybersecurity and Occupational Safety Frameworks in AI Data Centers   As artificial intelligence infrastructure expands, AI data centers represent a critical and underexamined convergence of cybersecurity and occupational safety risk. Existing frameworks such as NIST, OSHA, and ISO standards were largely developed in isolation, leaving significant gaps in how organizations manage risks that are simultaneously digital and physical in nature. This study investigates the gaps and overlaps between cybersecurity and occupational safety frameworks as they apply specifically to AI data center environments. Drawing on a targeted literature review of established regulatory and standards-based frameworks, this research identifies where …

Technical Reliability As Foundation Of Mobile Self-Checkout Experience, Pumezile O. Dyantyi, Fazlyn Petersen

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

Although mobile self-checkout (MSCO) apps are becoming more common in retail stores, their long-term success in emerging markets depends heavily on the system’s technical reliability. This qualitative thematic study of 888 user reviews for four established MSCO apps investigates how technical reliability shapes the user experience (UX) after app adoption. Using an integration of the UX Honeycomb model and the UTAUT2 framework, this paper demonstrates that technical reliability is a core UX element that affects usability, performance, trust, value, satisfaction and continued use. Technical reliability problems such as system outages, login challenges and transaction difficulties negatively impact several core UX …

South Africa's Inclusive Six-Dimensional Generative Ai Readiness Framework, Keegan Steyn, Ojelanki Ngwenyama, Sibongiseni Tunzelana

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) is transforming governance, knowledge systems, and economic activity, but current preparedness measures pay little attention to the socio-technical, institutional, and postcolonial contexts that shape country trajectories. To address this gap, the study employs a design science methodology to create the National Generative AI Readiness Assessment Framework (N-GAIRF), a six-dimensional diagnostic tool theoretically based on Sen's capability approach to development and incorporating Institutional Theory, Socio-Technical Systems Theory, National Innovation Systems Theory, and Postcolonial Information Systems critique. An example application to South Africa, compared to Zimbabwe and an indicative Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reference …

Technological Behaviour Of Pellets Containing Dried Green Crop, Christian Furll

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pelleted dried green crop presents essential advantages compared to chaff and meal as processing forms. Normally, the solidity of the pellets does not exceed the values required by animal feeding. Abrasion resulting from turnover processes is at present too high, particularly for the discharge of bins. Belt conveyors, vibrating conveyors, and bucket elevators are suitable to convey pellets. Storage of pellets over long periods has to be done by respecting prescribed climate conditions. Zones with excessive portion of abraded par­ticles in the storing pile are a preferred cause for self-heating. Slit-type dosing units as well as dosing units equipped with …

Results Of Comparative Investigations Into The Chevving And Ruminating Activities Of The Dairy Cow Fed Dried Forage From Grass And Leguminous Crops, B Piatkowski, S Nagel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The chewing and ruminating activities were studied of dairy cows fed grass, alfalfa, and straw of different physical forms. An electronic­ally controlled measuring device was applied. When feeding 8 kg of grass hay (32 % crude fibre in dry matter), the ruminating time was 5: 24 and 1 :49 hours (20,712 and 6,982 ruminat­ing movements) for chopped and ground + pelleted forages, respectively. It declined from 1 : 49 to 0: 0 l hours (from 6,929 to 70 move­ments) when hot-air dried alfalfa (23 % crude fibre) was fed in chopped and ground + pelleted forms, respectively. The ruminating time …

Feed Efficiency In Dairy Cows Of Roughages Preserved And Treated In Different Ways, M Zausch, E Boldt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trials were conducted with dairy cows to investigate the feed efficiency of grass-clover mixture (wilted silage, silage made of fresh material with addition of foDTiic acid, artifi­cially dried forage, pellets with varying portions of straw). The results obtained allow to draw the following conclusions:

As regards dry matter intake, digestibility, and feed efficiency, grass-dover for wilted silage should be wilted to give a OM content not exceeding 40 %.

Pelleting artificially dried grass-clover mix­ture and its use in mixed rations together with other separately pelleted components should be avoided.

The best feed efficiency is reached when dried grass-clover is converted …

The Influence Of Dried And Ensiled Grass On Rumen Fermen­Tation, J Voigt, B Piatkowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rumen-fistulated cows were used to study the influence of the forage preservation technique on rumen fermentation and holdup time of the feed in the rumen. Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) preserved as wilted silage or dried green crop was fed in the following variants: wilted silage alone; wilted silage + sugar beet + protein supplement; dried green crop alone; dried green crop + sugar beet + protein supplement. As compared with dried green crop, the shares of true protein and sugar in wilted silage were reduced from 9.8 • to 6.4 '.'I􀉧 and from 7.7 to 1.8 %in DM, respectively. In comparison …

Changes In Feeding Value Of Preserved Grass And Legumes By The Action Of High Temperatures, R Prym, F Weissbach

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High temperatures acting on grass and legumes during preservation and storage, cause nutrient digestibility to deteriorate. Protein digestibility is likely to be most strongly affected. Digest­ibility measurements were performed on sheep to estimate the extent of heat damage suffered by dried green forage and silages. Various laboratory methods were applied for record­ing. such damage. The detennination of the acid-detergent insoluble crude protein portion proved a very suitable approach.

Growth And Nitrogen Retention Of Lambs Fed Alfalfa Dehy­Drated At Different Temperatures, H K. Goering

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa was dried at four temperatures ranging from 60 to 180 °C in two experiments to evaluate the effect on composition, diet di­gestibility, and growth by lambs. In Experi­ment I, the alfalfa was supplemented with 0.6 % salt and pelleted. In Experiment 2, alfalfa was supplemented with 24.4 % starch, 18.5% straw, 6% cane molasses, 0.5% sodium phosphate, and 0.6 % salt so that total nitrogen intake was not in excess of the protein require­ment for growth of the lambs. Cell wall, acid­detergent fiber, lignin, acid-detergent insoluble nitrogen, and pepsin insoluble nitrogen in­creased in the alfalfa dried at 180 °C. …

Non-Mechanical Field Losses In Wilting Grasses As Influenced By Different Factors, G Rucker, O Knabe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

When wilting grasses, non-mechanical field losses of different extent may occur. The main factors influencing the extent of losses were: water content at cutting time, drying rate, temperature, amount of rain, swath den­sity, and content of water-soluble carbohy­drates in the crop.

The Effect Of Mechanical, Thermal And Chemical Treatment On The Loss Of Water From Cut Leaves Of Grasses, Colin Edward Harris

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that cut grass -leaves have a high resistance to water loss, probably largely due to the imper­meability of the surface cuticle to water vapour. This resistance can be reduced and drying rate increased by thermal and mechanical treatment, and by exposure to the vapour of boiling petroleum ether. The effectiveness of formic acid and tri-n-butyl phosphate suggests the possibility of using chemicals to increase the drying rate of grass crops cut for hay and dried in the field.

Measures For Increasing The Efficiency Of Hot-Air Drying Of Forage, Siegfried Prufer, Gerd Neubert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the GDR, the drying of wilted green forage as well as of whole plants of cereals and grain maize considerably improves the effi­ciency of hot-air drying as a whole. The proc­essing of wilted crop and the inclusion of whole-plant drying in the drying pattern cause the throughput to increase by 30 to 50% and fuel consurnption per ton of dried crop to de­crease by up to 50 %, in comparison with drying of fresh green forage containing 15 to 18 % dry matter. Hot-air drying is particularly suitable for feed production along industrial lines. -Being but little dependent on …

Gdr Standard Plant For Producing Feed Pellets On Straw Basis, Gerheard Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Following the international trend, livestock production units are growing in size. Straw, a major feed reserve, must be effectively utilized to meet the growing roughage requirements, especially of ruminants. Therefore, in the GDR a standard feed pelleting plant (type GF A) was developed and put to commercial production. The various machines and equipment em­ployed in the different stages of the GFA pellet­ing technology are explained in detail. The use of that standard feed pelleting plant shows the advantages of processing straw for semi-finished and finished feeds.

The Efficiency Of Producing And Feeding Complete-Ration Feed Briquets Containing Forage Chop, G V. Blagoveshcheski, V M. Sokolov

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Production of forage chop from a clover­timothy mixture is efficient when harvesting the forage between the shooting of clover (35 to 40 cm stand height) and mid-flowering. For high-temperature drying, each vegetative stage of the plants requires a clearly defined regime. When establishing formulas for com­plete-ration feed briquets containing clover­timoihy chop harvested before clover budding, the protein/carbohydrate ratio must be bal­anced by supplementing the ration with 30 p.c. barley meal and 29 p.c. straw; when the mix­ture was harvested during budding, phos­phorus supplementation (one p.c. monocal­cium phosphate) is necessary, whilst the mix­ture harvested during flowering has to be supplemented with …

The Production Of Dry Feeds From Straw And Green Forage In The Gdr, Fritz Berg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the GDR, at present about 9% of the feed energy requirement of cattle is covered by dry feeds, above all mechanically processed and chemically treated straw as well as dried green forages. This share is expected to rise to 15 % in forthcoming years. On the basis of technological fundamentals devised by animal nutritionists, corresponding production processes are being developed and perfected. They allow to convert the feedstuffs into a physical and chemical form favourable to high intake; in addition, the feeding value of high-fibre feedstuffs is improved. In this way, the feedstuffs are fed in favourable com­bination as …

Evaluation And Determination Off Actors Defining The Length Of Thin-Stalked Green Forage Chop, Peter Szendro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A more exact analysis of the length distribution of chopped material from thin-stalked green forage crops provides more information for the further processing of this material and for comparing the quality of work of the different technologies. Material cut into longer and less homoge­neous chop with heavier destruction of the green plant particles shows properties more suitable for further processing than chop harvested with a self-propelled precision-chop forage harvester. In consideration of the special importance of the questions discussed it seems advisable to continue the experiments and to perform them under production conditions as well; the results thus obtained will …

Organization Of Wilted Silage Production Along Industrial Lines In The Selbelang Inter-Farm Cooperative Crop Produc­Tion Division, Hunter Watzke, Karl Bachmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The production of high-quality wilted silages on the basis of highly efficient machines and facilities for harvesting and preservation in the Selbelang inter-farm cooperative crop pro­duction division (KAP) is determined by the use of industrial methods of production. Ob­servance of optimum spans for harvesting forage to be used for the production of wilted silage, and the full utilization of machinery and facilities at rising levels of labour pro­ductivity and declining cost are achieved by way of complex and shift employment of machines, facilities, and workers. The size of machine complexes and their performance are dependent on the shape, equipment and …

Possibilities Of Ensiling Meadow Grass With Different Water Content, Roman Moraczewski, Helena Jurkiewicz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The paper involves results of investigations into the influence of various methods of grass preservation, different cutting times, and dif­Jerent water contents on the nutrient and min­eral levels in the silage. These results show good possibilities of preserving meadow grass by ensiling. Silage fodder has higher contents of crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, and ash constituents than are found in hay dried under optimum conditions.

Material And Processing Characteristics Of Grasses And Grass Silages, Manfred Muller, Georg Otto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Material and processing characteristics are essential initial values for planning of proce­dures in industrialized crop production. From the technological stages and process sequences from grass mowing to removing the silage, the following key operations can be derived: chop­ping,. compressing, storing, and removing. For adequate planning of procedures it is necessary to determine the quantitative relations between the essential factors: chopper throughput, pro­portion of short chop, crude fibre content, and relative final density. A relation suitable for practical application and providing sufficient accuracy is established for estimating the mean dry matter content of a trailer load. If high­quality silage is to …

Comparison Of Three Techniques Of Forage Conservation, Tereza Kotapska, Tadeusz Olszewski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

At the Instytut Mechanizacji i Elektryfikacji Rolnictwa technological trials have been per­formed on green forage conservation under plastic sheeting using round formers from the Italian manufacturers Frigieri, a silage press from the French firm Kuhn, and portable seg­ments of Polish production for the erection clamp silos. The trials covered the operating quality of the equipment and the evaluation of silage quality. During the trials, the performance of the equipment on erecting the silos and specific labour expenditure were established. In addi­tion, an economic rating was made of the ensiling process and of the general suitability of the above methods for …

Losses And Stability Of Silage In Dependence On The Degree Of Air Influence, G Weise, H Rettig, G Suckow

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On the basis of model concepts of physical gas exchange, a method has been developed for studying the complex relations existing be­tween the parameters indicating ensilability and the specific local conditions for silage making (degree of anaerobiosis). Conclusions are drawn as to quantitative relations between the depth of the peripheral layers of a silage stock that are endangered by air, the initial density of the silage material, and the sealing of the silage top during the filling and storage periods. Therefrom, certain thresh­olds can be derived for minimum filling height per day as depending on the initial density of the …

Factors Influencing The Formation Of Effluent In Forage Ensiling, G Peters, F Weissbach

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of effluent formed in ensiling forage crops depends, above all, on the dry matter content of the initial material, on the pressure exerted on the feed stock, and on the kind of crop ensiled. Expected values of effluent a­mount were derived from model experiments and calculations. Adequate wilting of suitable forage crops will allow to reduce or prevent effluent formation. The degree of wilting re­quired depends on the height of the feed stock and on the kind of silo used. The limit of 30 % DM in initial material, so far generally accepted for effluent formation, only applies …

Wilted Silage Production For The Supply Of Large Cattle Populations, Wilhelm Schwandt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For supplying large cattle populations with high-quality roughage it is necessary to make available big forage batches of good and large­ly uniform quality. From 4,675 hectares of seed­ed grassland, the ZBE Pflanzenproduktion Ferdinandshof(Ferdinandshofinter-farmestab­lishment for crop production) every year pro­duce in good quality more than 80,000 tons of wilted silage. The material and technical basis of this forage production along industrial lines consists of powerful machine systems that are operated in multi-machine complexes, the oper­ators doing shift work.