Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Of Coconut Fiber-Derived Porous Activated Carbon, Jemilat Yetunde Yusuf, Hassan Soleimani, Noorhana Yahya, Yekinni Kolawole Sanusi, Gregory Kozlowski, Andreas Öchsner, Lawal Lanre Adebayo, Fatai Adisa Wahaab, Surajudeen Sikiru, Bashiru Bolaji Balogun

Physics Faculty Publications

In this study, porous carbon has been prepared through potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation of coconut fiber (CF) and subsequent carbonization in the presence of an inert gas. The activated carbons (AC) were prepared via carbonization of the precursor at different temperatures. Subsequently, their electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) performance was investigated at X-band frequency. The phase crystallinity, porous features, and degree of graphitization of the activated carbons were studied using XRD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Using the BET method, the activated carbon prepared at 750 °C displayed a high specific surface area of 602.9 m2 g−1 and an …

Two-Current Transition Amplitudes With Two-Body Final States, Keegan H. Sherman, Feliipe G. Ortega-Gama, Raúl A. Briceño, Andrew W. Jackura

Physics Faculty Publications

We derive the on-shell form of amplitudes containing two external currents with a single hadron in the initial state and two hadrons in the final state, denoted as 1 + J → 2 + J . This class of amplitude is relevant in precision tests of the Standard Model as well as for exploring the structure of excited states in the QCD spectrum. We present a model-independent description of the amplitudes where we sum to all orders in the strong interaction. From this analytic form we are able to extract transition and elastic resonance form factors consistent with previous work …

A Self-Regulating System For Assessing Scientific Predictive Power, Ted C. Rogers

Physics Faculty Publications

I propose a method for tracking and assessing scientific progress using a prediction consensus algorithm designed for the purpose. The protocol obviates the need for centralized referees to generate scientific questions, gather predictions, and assess the accuracy or success of those predictions. It relies instead on crowd wisdom and a system of checks and balances for all tasks. It is intended to take the form of a web-based, searchable database. I describe a prototype implementation that I call Ex Quaerum. The main purpose of the present document is to motivate the project, to explain it's underlying philosophy, to explain the …

Partial Muon Capture Rates In A = 3 And A = 6 Nuclei With Chiral Effective Field Theory, G. B. King, S. Pastore, M. Piarulli, Rocco Schiavilla

Physics Faculty Publications

Searches for neutrinoless double-β decay rates are crucial in addressing questions within fundamental symmetries and neutrino physics. The rates of these decays depend not only on unknown parameters associated with neutrinos, but also on nuclear properties. In order to reliably extract information about the neutrino, one needs an accurate treatment of the complex many-body dynamics of the nucleus. Neutrinoless double-β decays take place at momentum transfers on the order of 100MeV /c and require both nuclear electroweak vector and axial current matrix elements. Muon capture, a process in the same momentum transfer regime, has readily available experimental data to validate …

Research Priorities Of Applying Low-Cost Pm2.5 Sensors In Southeast Asian Countries, Shih-Chun Candice Lung, To Thi Hien, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, Ohnmar May Tin Hlaing, Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Mohd Talib Latif, Puji Lestari, Abdus Salam, Shih-Yu Lee, Wen-Cheng Vincent Wang

Physics Faculty Publications

The low-cost and easy-to-use nature of rapidly developed PM2.5 sensors provide an opportunity to bring breakthroughs in PM2.5 research to resource-limited countries in Southeast Asia (SEA). This review provides an evaluation of the currently available literature and identifies research priorities in applying low-cost sensors (LCS) in PM2.5 environmental and health research in SEA. The research priority is an outcome of a series of participatory workshops under the umbrella of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project–Monsoon Asia and Oceania Networking Group (IGAC–MANGO). A literature review and research prioritization are conducted with a transdisciplinary perspective of providing useful scientific evidence in assisting …

The Role Of Action Potential Changes In Depolarization-Induced Failure Of Excitation Contraction Coupling In Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Xueyong Wang, Murad Nawaz, Chris Dupont, Jessica H. Myers, Steve R.A. Burke, Roger A. Bannister, Brent D. Foy, Andrew A. Voss, Mark M. Rich

Physics Faculty Publications

Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the process by which electrical excitation of muscle is converted into force generation. Depolarization of skeletal muscle resting potential contributes to failure of ECC in diseases such as periodic paralysis, intensive care unit acquired weakness and possibly fatigue of muscle during vigorous exercise. When extracellular K+ is raised to depolarize the resting potential, failure of ECC occurs suddenly, over a narrow range of resting potentials. Simultaneous imaging of Ca2+ transients and recording of action potentials (APs) demonstrated failure to generate Ca2+ transients when APs peaked at potentials more negative than –30mV. An AP property that closely …

Investigation Of Thz Absorptive Signatures In Opioids, Weidong Zhang, Alexei Bykhovski, Elliott R. Brown

Physics Faculty Publications

We investigate the possibility of sensing opioid drugs, such as fentanyl, by their THz electromagnetic signatures. The methods include both computer modeling and experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that fentanyl should display THz resonances, with several of them occurring below 1.0 THz; the lowest one is at around 0.337 THz (337 GHz). Spectroscopy measurements were conducted on oxycodone, which was used as a surrogate for fentanyl. They display vibrational absorption resonances between ∼1.4 and 1.6 THz.

Simulation Of Urban Heat Island During A High-Heat Event Using Wrf Urban Canopy Models: A Case Study For Metro Manila, Ronald Gil Joy P. Bilang, Ariel C. Blanco, Justine Ace S. Santos, Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera

Physics Faculty Publications

This present study aims to determine the performance of using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the urban canopy models (UCMs), in simulating the 2 m air temperature and 2 m relative humidity in Metro Manila. The simulation was performed during a high heat event on 22–29 April 2018, which coincided with the dry season in the Philippines. The four urban canopy model options that were used in this study include, the bulk (no urban), SLUCM, BEP, and BEM. The results of the simulations were compared with the hourly observations from three weather stations over Metro Manila …

Probing For High-Momentum Protons In ⁴He Via The ⁴He (E, E'P) X Reactions, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, S. Iqbal, F. Benmokhtar, M. Ivanov, L. B. Weinstein, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, R. Zielinski, Et Al

Physics Faculty Publications

Experimental cross sections for the ⁴He(e,e′p) X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at x_B = 1.24 and Q² = 2 (GeV/c)² are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the ⁴He(e,e′p)³H channel. Significantly more events are observed for p_m ≥ 0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around p_m = 0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon …

Cooling Performance In A Dual Energy Storage Ring Cooler, B. Dhital, Y. S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, G. A. Krafft, H. Zhang, F. Lin, V. S. Morozov, Y. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The longitudinal and transverse emittance growth in hadron beams due to intra-beam scattering (IBS) and other heating sources deteriorate the luminosity in a collider. Hence, a strong hadron beam cooling is required to reduce and preserve the emittance. The cooling of high energy hadron beam is challenging. We propose a dual energy storage ring-based electron cooler that uses an electron beam to extract heat away from hadron beam in the cooler ring while the electron beam is cooled by synchrotron radiation damping in the high energy damping ring. In this paper, we present a design of a dual energy storage …

Short-Distance Structure Of Unpolarized Gluon Pseudodistributions, Ian Balitsky, Wayne Morris, Anatoly Radyushkin

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the results that form the basis for calculations of the unpolarized gluon parton distributions (PDFs) using the pseudo-PDF approach. We give the results for the most complicated box diagram both for gluon bilocal operators with arbitrary indices and for combinations of indices corresponding to three matrix elements that are most convenient to extract the twist-2 invariant amplitude. We also present detailed results for the gluon-quark transition diagram. The additional results for the box diagram and the gluon-quark contribution may be used for extractions of the gluon PDF from different matrix elements, with a possible cross-check of the results …

Neutrino Energy Reconstruction From Semi-Inclusive Samples, R. González-Jiménez, M. B. Barbaro, J. A. Caballero, T. W. Donnelly, N. Jachowicz, G.D. Megias, K. Niewczas, A. Nikolakopoulos, J.W. Van Orden, J. M. Udías

Physics Faculty Publications

We study neutrino-nucleus charged-current reactions on finite nuclei for the situation in which an outgoing muon and a proton are detected in coincidence; i.e., we focus on semi-inclusive cross sections. We limit our attention to one-body current interactions (quasielastic scattering) and assess the impact of different nuclear effects in the determination of the neutrino energy. We identify the regions in phase space where the neutrino energy can be reconstructed relatively well and study whether the cross section in those regions is significant. Our results indicate that it is possible to filter more than 50% of all events according to the …

Search For Photoproduction Of Axionlike Particles At Gluex, Shankar Adhikari, C.S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, Moskov Amaryan, Tyler P. Viducic, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhao, J. Zhou, The Gluex Collaboration, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a search for axionlike particles, a, produced in photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the a-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses a → γγ and a → π⁺π⁻π⁰ decays, and a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 168  pb⁻¹ collected with the GlueX detector. The search for a → γγ decays is performed in the mass range of 180 < m_a <480  MeV, while the search for a → π⁺π⁻π⁰ decays explores the 600 < m_{a …}

Study Of The Λ/Σ⁰ Electroproduction In The Low-Q² Region At Jlab, K. Okuyama, K. Itabashi, S. Nagao, S. N. Nakamura, K. N. Suzuki, T. Gogami, B. Pandey, L. Tang, D. Abrams, T. Akiyama, D. Androic, K. Aniol, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bane, S. Barcus, J. Barrow, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, A. Camsonne, J. Castellanos, J.- P. Chen, J. Chen, S. Covrig, D. Chrisman, R. Cruz-Torres, R. Das, E. Fuchey, K. Gnanvo, F. Garibaldi, T. Gautam, J. Gomez, P. Gueye, T. J. Hague, O. Hansen, W. Henry, Florian Hauenstein, D. W. Higinbotham, Charles E. Hyde, M. Kaneta, C. Keppel, T. Kutz, N. Lashley-Colthirst, S. Li, H. Liu, J. Mammei, P. Markowitz, R. E. Mcclellan, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, A. Moyer, D. Nguyen, M. Nycz, V. Owen, C. Palatchi, S. Park, T. Petkovic, S. Premathilake, P. E. Reimer, J. Reinhold, S. Riordan, V. Rodriguez, C. Samanta, S. N. Santiesteban, B. Sawatzky, S. Širca, K. Slifer, T. Su, Y. Tian, Y. Toyama, K. Uehara, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Votaw, J. Williamson, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. A. Wood, B. Yale, Z. Ye, J. Zhang, X. Zheng

Physics Faculty Publications

We performed an experiment using tritium and hydrogen cryogenic gas targets at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) in 2018 (E12-17-003)[1, 2]. In this article, we discuss the Λ/Σ⁰ hyperon electroproduction from hydrogen target. Elementary Λ/Σ⁰ hyperon production processes are important not only for an absolute mass scale calibration in our experiment, but also for the study of the electroproduction mechanisms themselves. In this article, we reported the results of the differential cross section for the p(e, e’K⁺)Λ/Σ⁰ reaction at Q² ∼ 0.5 (GeV/c)².

Lower Temperature Annealing Of Vapor Diffused Nb3Sn For Accelerator Cavities, Jayendrika K. Tiskumara, Jean R. Delayen, G. V. Eremeev, U. Pudasaini

Physics Faculty Publications

Nb₃Sn is a next-generation superconducting material for the accelerator cavities with higher critical temperature and superheating field, both twice compared to Nb. It promises superior performance and higher operating temperature than Nb, resulting in significant cost reduction. So far, the Sn vapor diffusion method is the most preferred and successful technique to coat niobium cavities with Nb₃Sn. Although several post-coating techniques (chemical, electrochemical, mechanical) have been explored to improve the surface quality of the coated surface, an effective process has yet to be found. Since there are only a few studies on the post-coating heat treatment …

Effect Of Duration Of 120 °C Baking On The Performance On Superconducting Radio Frequency Niobium Cavities, B. D. Khanal, P. Dhakal

Physics Faculty Publications

Over the last decade much attention was given in increasing the quality factor of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities by impurity doping. Prior to the era of doping, the final cavity processing technique to achieve the high accelerating gradient includes the "in situ" low temperature baking of SRF cavities at temperature ~ 120 °C for several hours. Here, we present the results of a series of measurements on 1.3 GHz TESLA shape single-cell cavities with successive low temperature baking at 120 °C up to 96 hours. The experimental data were analyzed with available theory of superconductivity to elucidate the effect …

Question 1: Dinosaur Killer Crater; Question 2: Graduation Speeches, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

The Fermi Questions: In 2003, the "Dinosaur Killer" asteroid crater was imaged for the first time (see National Geographic News, March 7, 2003). The crater is believed to be 100 km in radius and 1 km deep. What was the kinetic energy of the asteroid that made the crater? Express your answer in joules and in megatons (1 MT = 4 ·10 J).

Question 1: Space Telescope; Question 2: Jwst2, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Space telescope

Question 1: If the James Webb Space Telescope could be turned to face Earth, how small an object could it resolve? How does that compare to the Hubble Space Telescope? ...

Question 2: How much heat from Earth is blocked by the Sun and Earth shade of the James Webb Space Telescope? ...

Question: While I was at a Norfolk Tides baseball game, a foul ball landed in the section above me and showered some of my friends with beer. What is the probability of a foul ball landing directly in a cup of beer during one …

Parton Distribution Function For Topological Charge At One Loop, Anatoly Radyushkin, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We present results for the gg-part of the one-loop corrections to the recently introduced “topological charge” GPD ^~F(x, q²). In particular, we give expression for its evolution kernel. To enforce strict compliance with the gauge invariance requirements, we have used on-shell states for external gluons, and have obtained identical results both in Feynman and light-cone gauges. No “zero mode” δ(x) terms were found for the twist-4 gluon GPD ^~F(x, q²).

Beam-Spin Asymmetry Σ For Σ⁻ Hyperon Photoproduction Off The Neutron, N. Zachariou, E. Munevar, B. L. Berman, P. Bydžovský, A. Cieplý, G. Feldman, Y. Ilieva, P. Nadel-Turonski, D. Skoupil, A. V. Sarantsev, D. P. Watts B, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report a new measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry, Σ, for the ^→𝛾n → K⁺Σ⁻ reaction using quasi-free neutrons in a liquid-deuterium target. The new dataset includes data at previously unmeasured photon energy and angular ranges, thereby providing new constraints on partial wave analyses used to extract properties of the excited nucleon states. The experimental data were obtained using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), housed in Hall B of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The CLAS detector measured reaction products from a liquid-deuterium target produced by an energy-tagged, linearly polarised photon beam with …

Emittance In Nonlinear Thomson Scattering, Erik Johnson, Elizabeth Breen, Geoffrey A. Krafft, Balša Terzić

Physics Faculty Publications

Inverse Compton scattering sources are finding increasing use as intense sources of high-energy photons. When operated at high field strength, ponderomotive detuning of the scattered emission can lead to decreased source performance. Up to now, the calculations of spectra for such nonlinear Thomson scattering have been done assuming a perfectly aligned electron interacts with the incident laser beam and several authors have investigated whether pondermotive detuning may be mitigated or cured by suitable incident laser chirping prescriptions. In order to determine if these chirping prescriptions are suitable in real beams with nonzero emittance, it is necessary to include misaligned boundary …

Reply To "Comment On 'Quasielastic Lepton Scattering And B=Back-To-Back Nucleons In The Short-Time Approximation' ", S. Pastore, J. Carlson, Rocco Schiavilla, J. L. Barrow, S. Gandolfi, R. B. Wiringa

Physics Faculty Publications

We briefly review the concept of scaling and how it occurs in quasielastic electron and neutrino scattering from nuclei, and then the particular approach to scaling in the short-time approximation. We show that, whereas two-nucleon currents do significantly enhance the transverse electromagnetic response, they do not spoil scaling, but, in fact, enhance it. We provide scaling results obtained in the short-time approximation that verify this claim. The enhanced scaling, although obtained empirically, is not “accidental”—as claimed in [O. Benhar, Phys. Rev. C 105, 049801 (2022)]—but rather reflects quasielastic kinematics and the dominant role played by pion-exchange interactions and currents …

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section At High Bjorken 𝓍B, F. Georges, M.N.H. Rashad, A. Stefanko, J. Zhang, Y. Zhao, P. Zhu, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable 𝓍_B. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of 𝓍_B, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. …

Rapidity Evolution Of Tmds With Running Coupling, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

The scale of a coupling constant for rapidity-only evolution of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) operators in the Sudakov kinematic region is calculated using the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie optimal scale setting [S. J. Brodsky et al., Phys. Rev. D 28, 228 (1983).]. The effective argument of a coupling constant is halfway in the logarithmical scale between the transverse momentum and energy of TMD distribution. The resulting rapidity-only evolution equation is solved for quark and gluon TMDs.

Modeling A Nb3Sn Cryounit In Gpt In Uitf, Sunil Pokharel, Geoffey A. Krafft, A. S. Hofler

Physics Faculty Publications

Nb₃Sn is a prospective material for future superconducting RF (SRF) accelerator cavities. The material can achieve higher quality factors, higher temperature operation and potentially higher accelerating gradients (E_{acc} 96 MV/m) compared to conventional niobium. In this work, we performed modeling of the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Jefferson Lab utilizing newly constructed Nb₃Sn cavities. We studied the effects of the buncher cavity and varied the gun voltages from 200-500 keV. We have calibrated and optimized the SRF cavity gradients and phases for the Nb₃Sn five-cell cavities energy gains with the framework of General Particle Tracer (GPT). Our calculations show …

Inverse Moment Of The B Meson Quasidistribution Amplitude, Ji Xu, Xi-Ruo Zhang, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We perform a study on the structure of the inverse moment (IM) of quasidistributions, by taking B-meson quasidistribution amplitude (quasi-DA) as an example. Based on a one-loop calculation, we derive the renormalization group equation and velocity evolution equation for the first IM of quasi-DA. We find that, in the large velocity limit, the first IM of B-meson quasi-DA can be factorized into IM as well as logarithmic moments of light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA), accompanied by short distance coefficients. Our results can be useful either in understanding the patterns of perturbative matching in large momentum effective theory or evaluating inverse …

High Resolution Diagnostic Tools For Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities, I. Parajuli, G. Ciovati, J. R. Delayen

Physics Faculty Publications

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are one of the fundamental building blocks of modern particle accelerators. To achieve the highest quality factors (10¹⁰–10¹¹), SRF cavities are operated at liquid helium temperatures. Magnetic flux trapped on the surface of SRF cavities during cool-down below the critical temperature is one of the leading sources of residual RF losses. Instruments capable of detecting the distribution of trapped flux on the cavity surface are in high demand in order to better understand its relation to the cavity material, surface treatments and environmental conditions. We have designed, developed, and commissioned two high-resolution …

Magnetic Structure Of Few-Nucleon Systems At High Momentum Transfers In A Chiral Effective Field Theory Approach, A. Gnech, R. Schiavilla

Physics Faculty Publications

The five low-energy constants (LECs) in the electromagnetic current derived in chiral effective field theory (χEFT) up to one loop are determined by a simultaneous fit to the A=2−3 nuclei magnetic moments and to the deuteron magnetic form factor and threshold electrodisintegration at backward angles over a wide range of momentum transfers. The resulting parametrization then yields predictions for the ³He/³H magnetic form factors in excellent accord with the experimental values for momentum transfers ranging up to ≈0.8 GeV/c, beyond the expected regime of validity of the χEFT approach. The calculations are based on last-generation two-nucleon interactions …

Coupled Dynamics Of Spin Qubits In Optical Dipole Microtraps: Application To The Error Analysis Of A Rydberg-Blockade Gate, L. V. Gerasimov, R. R. Yusupov, A. D. Moiseevsky, I. Vybornyi, K. S. Tikhonov, S. P. Kulik, S. S. Straupe, Charles I. Sukenik, D. V. Kupriyanov

Physics Faculty Publications

Single atoms in dipole microtraps or optical tweezers have recently become a promising platform for quantum computing and simulation. Here we report a detailed theoretical analysis of the physics underlying an implementation of a Rydberg two-qubit gate in such a system—a cornerstone protocol in quantum computing with single atoms. We focus on a blockade-type entangling gate and consider various decoherence processes limiting its performance in a real system. We provide numerical estimates for the limits on fidelity of the maximally entangled states and predict the full process matrix corresponding to the noisy two-qubit gate. We consider different excitation geometries and …

Beam-Recoil Transferred Polarization In K+Y Electroproduction In The Nucleon Resonance Region With Clas12, D. S. Carman, A. D'Angelo, L. Lanza, V. I. Mokeev, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, V. Ziegler

Physics Faculty Publications

Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of K + Λ and K + Σ⁰ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535 and 7.546 GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer Q² from 0.3 to 4.5 GeV² and invariant energy W from 1.6 to 2.4 GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the K⁺. These new data extend the existing hyperon polarization data from CLAS in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. …