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Articles 271 - 300 of 306
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Synthesis Of An Organophosphorus Analog Of Acetylcholine, Jay-James R. Miller '96
The Synthesis Of An Organophosphorus Analog Of Acetylcholine, Jay-James R. Miller '96
Honors Projects
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the most widely studied of all neurotransmitter substances. For normal nerve function, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) must hydrolyze ACh into its basic chemical constituents, choline and acetate. AChE is readily inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) compounds like sarin and soman--both nerve gases--as well as various pesticides. OP compounds also have been widely used to study the mechanism of ACh hydrolysis via AChE. In the 1980s, two studies using OP inhibitors examined the stereoselectivity of AChE hydrolysis. However, they yielded conflicting results. Hence, it is hoped that new studies with a novel OP compound will provide definitive information about …
The B-Spline Wavelet Recurrence Relation And B-Spline Wavelet Interpolation, Patrick J. Crowley '96
The B-Spline Wavelet Recurrence Relation And B-Spline Wavelet Interpolation, Patrick J. Crowley '96
Honors Projects
In most signal processing applications, a given range of data is best described by a set of local characteristics as opposed to a single global characteristic. In image processing, for example, a region of an image that contains numerous edges is best described as a region whose pixel color values change abruptly, i.e., they are not continuous values of color. A region of constant color, or gradually changing color, is best described as a region whose pixel values are constant, or whose values increase linearly by some factor. It is advantageous to represent this data with signals capable of adapting …
Macroelements And Orthogonal Multiresolutional Analysis, Jonathan M. Corbett '96
Macroelements And Orthogonal Multiresolutional Analysis, Jonathan M. Corbett '96
Honors Projects
Orthogonal multiresolutional wavelet analysis in a two dimension setting furnishes a basis for wavelet analysis. Bernstein-Bezier polynomials over simplexes provide elegant expressions of the necessary and sufficient conditions for a shift invariant space generating an orthogonal multiresolution analysis.
On The Mechanism Of Giant Electromotility In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Kimberly Ann Branshaw '95
On The Mechanism Of Giant Electromotility In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Kimberly Ann Branshaw '95
Honors Projects
Electromotility, i.e. bending in response to an electric field, of polyelectrolyte gels in ionic solutions has recently been investigated at a few leading academic and industrial labs as a potential chemomechanical engine. We have discovered that the underlying physics in these systems is more complex than previously believed. We have found that the bending, which seems to obey a {t power law, is inconsistent with the simple idea of a bending speed, but is consistent with a diffusion mechanism. Evidence of diffusion was independently provided by experiments on gels grown or bent in the presence of dyes. We have explored …
Novel Swelling Structures And Electromotility Response In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Dana Deardorff
Novel Swelling Structures And Electromotility Response In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Dana Deardorff
Honors Projects
Electromotility, the bending in response to an electric field, of polyelectrolyte gels in ionic solutions has been identified as a candidate for a potential chemomechanical engines such as muscles. We discovered that the underlying physics of these systems is more complex than previously believed. We found that the bending as a function of time obeys a square root power law. This points strongly towards a diffusion mechanism for the bending. Kinetic evidence for diffusion was independently corroborated by experiments on gels grown or bent in the presence of dyes. We explored the effects of varying poly-ion concentration in the backbone …
Photochemistry Of The Nitrite Ion, Laura J. Wilson '95
Photochemistry Of The Nitrite Ion, Laura J. Wilson '95
Honors Projects
Nitrogen containing compounds contribute to many environmental problems such as acid rain, air pollution, groundwater contamination, and smog formation. For example, when the atmosphere is heavily polluted with nitrites and aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds can undergo photochemical reactions to produce harmful compounds that can adversely affect the environment. This project studied the photochemistry of the nitrite ion in aqueous basic solution. Both ·OH and NO· radicals are produced during photolysis, but the two radicals recombine in the presence of pure water causing no net reaction. Aromatic compounds present in the solution being photolyzed can act as scavengers reacting with either …
Ignition And Environmental Effects Of Wildfires As Related To Giant Impacts, Gregory S. Kufner
Ignition And Environmental Effects Of Wildfires As Related To Giant Impacts, Gregory S. Kufner
Honors Projects
Soot has been discovered by Wolbach et al. at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in various geographic locations, supporting the theory that worldwide wildfires were ignited by the impact of a giant meteorite which caused the mass extinction 65 million years ago. This project examines a deep sea core sample from the North Central Pacific Ocean for evidence of soot. Soot discovery at this site, the only deep ocean site to be studied, supports the theory that soot distribution from the fires was worldwide. In another project, samples from the suevite breccia of the Kara Ust-Kara craters in Russia (unrelated to the …
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues In The Neotropical Migratory Passerine Birds, Birthe Borup
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues In The Neotropical Migratory Passerine Birds, Birthe Borup
Honors Projects
In 1874 Othmar Ziedlert a German chemist was working on the synthesis and characterization of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. In the process of his work he synthesized dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane commonly known as DDT. It was not until 1930 that its use as an insecticide was detected by Paul Muller who found that it was effective against potato beetles (Leptinotarsal declineata) and clothes moths, (Tineola besselliella ) (Dunlap 1981). Pure DDT is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 109 C, and a vapor pressure of 0.025mPa at 20 C. Technical grade DDT is a white amorphous powder, consisting of a …
Quickadvise - The Search For A More Efficient Method Of Advising, Gregory G. Pengiel '94
Quickadvise - The Search For A More Efficient Method Of Advising, Gregory G. Pengiel '94
Honors Projects
In order to choose courses both efficiently and properly, a student and advisor must look at which courses have been taken, and also which ones are necessary. They must then determine whether or not the student is qualified to take the necessary courses. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to record and maintain this work so that it may be used throughout the college career.
Hence, even though the student and advisor recently determined which classes were headed, they must once again look up all relevant information and determine which courses are best. This is exactly the type of problem …
The Photochemistry Of The Nitrite Ion, Deborah Anna Cull '94
The Photochemistry Of The Nitrite Ion, Deborah Anna Cull '94
Honors Projects
The photolysis of aqueous nitrite ion, N02-, yields the free radicals nitric oxide, NO*, and hydroxyl radical, *OH. It has been found by Treinin and Hayon and supported in this laboratory that no net reaction occurs when nitrite is photolyzed in pure water. Zafiriou has extensively studied the solar photolysis of nitrite-containing seawater, and has detected increased partial pressures of NO* during the day, as well as decreased nitrite concentrations, which both suggest that net photolysis of nitrite has occurred. In pure water, the *OH and NO* radicals produced from the photolysis of NO2- presumably recombine and ultimately reproduce NO2-. …
A Synthetic Study Of An Organophosphorous Compound As An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Sulay Jhaveri '94
A Synthetic Study Of An Organophosphorous Compound As An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Sulay Jhaveri '94
Honors Projects
Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Based on the transition state of the catalysis, and what is known about the structure of the enzyme, a synthetic study has been conducted on an organophosphorous inhibitor which is capable of probing into the stereospecificity of the enzyme. The asymmetric synthesis was initiated with I-proline, and several methods were employed in phosphorylation in order to get the desired product.
Course Scheduling Software: Reference Manual, Saadatu Gobir
Course Scheduling Software: Reference Manual, Saadatu Gobir
Honors Projects
Welcome to version 1.0 of the Course Scheduling software. Course Scheduling is designed to meet needs of anyone who is tying to create a course schedule. This software is a product that compiles, links, and runs in C++; although it has C extension. It has been specifically designed to work In C++ exclusively. I had mixed a little of C++ functions with C structure programming to complete this package and make it more efficient. It is versatile, quick, and efficient. This instruction manual is brief, due to fact that the software is well documented. It only covers the basic functions …
Financial Aid Budget Projection Methodology, Amy N. Baird '94
Financial Aid Budget Projection Methodology, Amy N. Baird '94
Honors Projects
The nature of this research project is to make a very strong contribution toward the final goal of completely automating the Financial Aid Office at Illinois Wesleyan University over the next five years.
The Recurrence Relation Of B-Wavelets, Rumi Kumazawa '94
The Recurrence Relation Of B-Wavelets, Rumi Kumazawa '94
Honors Projects
Our goal is to construct smooth wavelet functions. In constructing such wavelet functions, we need a smooth scaling function to begin with. B-spline functions are suitable as our scaling function because they are piecewise polynomials with compact supports and are relatively smooth. B-wavelet functions are just dilations and translations of these B-spline functions. In addtion, we can find a recurrence relation of the B-spline functions with different order. Hence B-wavelets of any order can be constructed successively from the lower order ones.
Applications Of The Wavelet Transform To Signal Analysis, Jie Chen '93
Applications Of The Wavelet Transform To Signal Analysis, Jie Chen '93
Honors Projects
Like the Fourier Transform, the Wavelet Transform decomposes signals as a superposition of simple units from which the original signals can be reconstructed. The Fourier Transform decomposes signals into sine and cosine functions of different frequencies, while the Wavelet Transform decomposes signals into wavelets. Since the Fourier Transform is a global integration transform and there is no time factor in it, it cannot effectively analyze nonstationary signals whose statistical properties change with time. In order to analyze nonstationary signals, we need to decompose signals into units that are localized in both the time and frequency domains. Using the Wavelet Transform …
The State Of Computer Science Facilities Of Schools Across The United States That Are Comparable To Illinois Wesleyan University, Sarah A. Bartz '93
The State Of Computer Science Facilities Of Schools Across The United States That Are Comparable To Illinois Wesleyan University, Sarah A. Bartz '93
Honors Projects
The purpose of this study is to compare Illinois Wesleyan's academic computer facilities with those at other comparable U.S. colleges and universities. This study also investigates factors affecting these facilities such as the methods other institutions use to deal with and plan for the constantly changing computer world. To obtain this information a survey was mailed to over 250 institutions across the U.S. that were considered comparable to IWU. These institutions include the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, the Oberlin Group, and some of the top colleges and universities in the U.S. as ranked in U.S. News and World Report's …
Multisurface Method Of Pattern Separation, Jennifer L. Jancik
Multisurface Method Of Pattern Separation, Jennifer L. Jancik
Honors Projects
The recognition and separation of patterns is becoming increasingly important in modern applications. For example, it is currently being used at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Photochemistry Of Nitrous Acid And Nitrite Ion, Kathryn E. Shanks '93
Photochemistry Of Nitrous Acid And Nitrite Ion, Kathryn E. Shanks '93
Honors Projects
Research is currently underway to elucidate the photochemical decomposition mechanism of nitrous acid and nitrite ion in aqueous and non-aqueous media. The quantum yield of the photochemical disappearance of nitrous acid and nitrite, as a function of pH and nitrous acid/nitrite ion concentration ratios, was examined. Spectroscopic studies have been done with nitrite ion in various aprotic organic solvents. Similar work has been started with molecular nitrous acid that was produced in aqueous solution and then extracted into organic solvents. These organic solvents were employed in order to study the quantum yield with respect to NO2- and HONO without the …
A Novel Technique For Studying The Shear Elastic Properties Of Weak Solids, Jason A. Payne '93
A Novel Technique For Studying The Shear Elastic Properties Of Weak Solids, Jason A. Payne '93
Honors Projects
We have developed a simple, inexpensive, and precise technique to measure the shear elastic modulus of weak solids using electromagnetic and optical tools. This technique can be easily adapted to measure the viscosity of a liquid also. A Helmholtz pair was used to produce a torque on a permanent magnet mounted on the smaller of two concentric cylinders, coupled by the material to be studied. The torque was controlled precisely and measured accurately in terms of the current flowing through the coils of the Helmholtz pair. An optical lever was employed to measure the angular displacement of the inner cylinder …
A Lattice Gas Approach To The Structure And Dynamics Of Electrorheological Fluids, Jie Chen '93
A Lattice Gas Approach To The Structure And Dynamics Of Electrorheological Fluids, Jie Chen '93
Honors Projects
Electrorheological fluids consist of a colloidal suspension of dielectric particles in a continuous fluid of smaller dielectric constant. Molecular dynamics simulations of these fluids in an applied electric field have recently been shown to produce percolated, columnar structures. No systematic attempt has been made so far to simultaneously include the effects of temperature and the viscous drag due to the continuous fluid. We propose a dipolar lattice gas model for electrorheological fluids and study the resulting structures and dynamics. We attempt to incorporate the effect of the viscosity of the continuous medium by a dynamic ansatz that determines the range …
Computer Program: General University Requirements Package, Abhishek Kejriwal '93
Computer Program: General University Requirements Package, Abhishek Kejriwal '93
Honors Projects
The objective of my research project was to write a computer program in Turbo Pascal which would determine how many general university requirements a student has completed and what requirements he or she needs to complete in order to graduate. There are six degrees offered at Illinois Wesleyan University. They are: BA (Bachelor of Arts); BS (Bachelor of Science); BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts); BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing); BM (Bachelor of Music) and BME (Bachelor of Music Education). There is a different set of criteria to be met for the completion of each of these degrees. The program …
On The Construction Of Prime Desert N-Tuplets, Derek M. Marusarz '92
On The Construction Of Prime Desert N-Tuplets, Derek M. Marusarz '92
Honors Projects
If we were able to show that there is an infinite number of prime desert n-tuplets of length k, for any appropriate odd k, then we would have solved the twin prime conjecture because then we would know that there would be an infinite number of prime desert 1-tuplets of length k =1, i.e., an infinite number of twin primes.
Synthesis Of New Reagents For The Detection Of Fingerprints And Amino Acids, Bjorn Borup '92
Synthesis Of New Reagents For The Detection Of Fingerprints And Amino Acids, Bjorn Borup '92
Honors Projects
DFO (1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one) is a new reagent for the detection of latent fingerprints. It reacts with amino acids present in fingerprints to give a fluorescent product, and is an improvement over ninhydrin which has been used in forensic laboratories for years. The object of this work was to synthesize new analogs of ninhydrin and DFO. The preparation of 9-Hcyclopenta[1,2-b:3,4-b'] dipyrazine-9-one (A) was attempted but was not successful. Currently the synthesis of 7H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-S,6,7-trione (B) is being completed. The compound 9H-cyclopenta[1,2-b]pyrazine[3,4b] pyridine-9-one (C) will then be made from (B), an analog of ninhydrin.
Photochemistry Of Nitrous Acid And Nitrite Ion, Jane A. Johnson '92
Photochemistry Of Nitrous Acid And Nitrite Ion, Jane A. Johnson '92
Honors Projects
A study of the solution phase photochemistry of the nitrous acid/nitrite ion system in both water and non-aqueous solvents has been undertaken. Photolysis at 366nm of the aqueous system is known to form hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide. The relative contributions of the molecular and ionic forms to the photochemical production of radicals is unknown. Scavenging reactions of the hydroxyl radicals in aqueous and nonaqueous solution are used to determine the relative production of OH. formed by photolysis of HONO and N02-. Molecular nitrous acid is isolated from its conjugate base by extraction into benzene from water. The thermal decomposition …
Analysis Of Carbon Across The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary, Andrew J. Carr '92
Analysis Of Carbon Across The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary, Andrew J. Carr '92
Honors Projects
Following the work of Wolbach et al., who studied reduced carbon across the 65 Ma-old Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction boundary, a study was conducted to analyze reduced carbon across the 92 Ma-old Cenomanian-Turonian (C-T) extinction horizon, in the hope that evidence could be gathered which might support a particular mechanism for these extinction events. Currently two sample sites are being analyzed for reduced carbon content at the C-T boundary: Red Wash, New Mexico and Chispa Summit, Texas. Both sample sites are from the Western Interior Basin of North America. During the time of the extinctions 92 million years ago, the basin was …
The Development Of An Improved Extraction Method For The Determination Of Cocaine Metabolite In Human Urine, Leanne M. Nieukirk '92
The Development Of An Improved Extraction Method For The Determination Of Cocaine Metabolite In Human Urine, Leanne M. Nieukirk '92
Honors Projects
Benzoyl ecgonine (BE) is the primary metabolite of cocaine. Detection of BE in urine is therefore an indication of cocaine usage. The goal of this research is to improve the extraction efficiency in order to increase the sensitivity of the method of determining cocaine usage through urine analysis. A technique was developed to efficiently extract BE from aqueous solution. Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy was used to determine the extraction conditions for which optimum extraction of BE into organic solvent occurred.
Cystic Fibrosis: Cluster Analysis Of Microbiology And Pulmonary Function, Lori Lee M. Larson '91
Cystic Fibrosis: Cluster Analysis Of Microbiology And Pulmonary Function, Lori Lee M. Larson '91
Honors Projects
In an attempt to find a relationship between pulmonary infection and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, microbiology data and pulmonary function test (PFT) data for clinic patients' visits were obtained from the University of Minnesota Relational Database. The two files were merged, totaling 12,193 cases, and then analyzed using a quick cluster subroutine of SPSSX on the University of Illinois IBM Mainframe System. QUICK CLUSTER analysis showed a relationship between the virulence of the microorganisms, the amount of growth of the microorganisms, and the pulmonary function test scores of CF patients
The Theorms Of The Alternative, Kathryn L. Balsman '91
The Theorms Of The Alternative, Kathryn L. Balsman '91
Honors Projects
In layman's terms, a Theorem of the Alternative is a theorem which states that given two conditions, one of the two conditions is true. It further states that if one of those conditions fails to be true, then the other condition must be true. Mathematically, this does not give a very clear picture of this group of theorems, however. Katta Murty defines a typical Theorem of the Alternative as one which shows that corresponding to any given system of linear constraints, system I, there is another associated system of linear constraints, system II, based on the same data, satisfying the …
Electrostatically Paired Porphyrin And Phthalocyanine: Equilibria And Electrochemical Oxidation, Libin Ho '91
Electrostatically Paired Porphyrin And Phthalocyanine: Equilibria And Electrochemical Oxidation, Libin Ho '91
Honors Projects
A synthetic model system for the special pair in the photosynthetic reaction center of bacteria has been prepared from electrostatically paired porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules. Use of rigorously dry propylene carbonate as the solvent allowed complex fonnation to occur between tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin hexafluorophosphate (H2TMPyP(PF6)4) and tetraphenylphosphonium tetrasulfatophthalocyanine (Ph4P)4H2TSPc molecules. The stoichiometry of the complex was determined to be 1:1 by Job's method and the pair formation constant K1 was estimated to be 1x108.T he dependence of K1 on ionic strength was studied at various concentrations of tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate BU4NBF4. With increasing ionic strength K1 decreases as expected according to the Debye-Huckellimiting …
The Reactions Of N-Phenylaminoiminomethanesulfonic Acid (Paimso) With Meldrum's Acid, Milana-Minja Maletic '91
The Reactions Of N-Phenylaminoiminomethanesulfonic Acid (Paimso) With Meldrum's Acid, Milana-Minja Maletic '91
Honors Projects
No abstract provided.