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Articles 4111 - 4140 of 4143

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Recherches Phréatobiologiques Ii: La Capture Des Niphargus Adultes Par Le Procéde Des Sondages Karaman-Chappuis. Les Crues Et La Biocenose De La Nappe Phréatique, Constantin Motas, Eugène Serban Jan 1965

Recherches Phréatobiologiques Ii: La Capture Des Niphargus Adultes Par Le Procéde Des Sondages Karaman-Chappuis. Les Crues Et La Biocenose De La Nappe Phréatique, Constantin Motas, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

The present note calls into question the opinion of different authors concerning the presence or lack of adult Niphargus near the phreatic table (superior layer of phreatic water) in zones prospected by Karaman-Chappuis method. Our investigations have proved the reason for which Niphargus adults were less frequent in the superior layer of the phreatic water is rather concerned with our investigation means - which are very approximate - than with the ecological or ethological requirements of these animals. The assertion that the phreatic fauna performs downward migrations during the floods must be considered as doubtful. During floods it is impossible …

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Subterranean Occurrence Of Anaspides Tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea, Syncarida), W. D. Williams Jan 1965

Subterranean Occurrence Of Anaspides Tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea, Syncarida), W. D. Williams

International Journal of Speleology

Anaspides tasmaniae is recorded from a subterranean habitat for the first time. The only difference noted from surface forms was the smaller amount of pigment present.

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La Présence De Bogidiella Albertimagni Hertzog 1933 En Roumanie Et Quelques Remarques Sur Les Espèces Européennes Du Genre, Dan Dancau, Eugène Serban Jan 1965

La Présence De Bogidiella Albertimagni Hertzog 1933 En Roumanie Et Quelques Remarques Sur Les Espèces Européennes Du Genre, Dan Dancau, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

Studying several Bogidiella individuals collected from the phreatic biotope of Cerna Valley (Oltenia region) using Karaman-Chappuis method, authors announce the presence of Bogidiella albertimagni Hertzog in Romania. After a description of the studied individuals, the authors talk about some problems concerning the taxonomic value of B. albertimagni and B. skopljensis Karaman (this second species being formerly known in Romania) and the validity of B. denticulata Mestrov described from Yugoslavia.

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Die Vertreter Der Gattung Spelaeodiscus Brusina 1886 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) In Jugoslawien, Jože Bole Jan 1965

Die Vertreter Der Gattung Spelaeodiscus Brusina 1886 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) In Jugoslawien, Jože Bole

International Journal of Speleology

In Yugoslavia there are 5 species of the Genus Spelaeodiscus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): Sp. hauffeni (F. Schmidt), Sp. triaria (Rossmàssler), Sp. albanicus (A. J. Wagner), Sp. unidentatus Bole and Sp. obodensis sp. n., decribed here. The anatomical researches on Sp. hauffeni (F. Schmidt) and Sp. unidentatus Bole have proved that they belong to the family of the Pupillidae and not to the one of the Valloniidae. This fact confirms the opinion of Hudec, according to whom the genus Spelaeodiscus belongs to the family of the Pupillidae.

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Karsthydrologische Forschungen In Den Höhlen Ungarns, Hubert Kessler Jan 1965

Karsthydrologische Forschungen In Den Höhlen Ungarns, Hubert Kessler

International Journal of Speleology

Although Hungary does not belong to the large Karst countries, extensive speleologic and karst-hydrologic investigations are carried out. On the one hand, Hungary owns one of the largest stalactite caves in the world, on the other hand the majority of raw materials and the connected industries are linked with Karst regions which pose particular water supply problems. The largest water supplying caves are in the North of Hungary. The best known cave is the Aggtelek cave with a length of 22 km, but there are numerous other, recently disclosed caves of a length of 1-5 km, which were discovered by …

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Laboratory And Field Evidence For A Vadose Origin Of Foibe (Domepits), Max W. Reams Jan 1965

Laboratory And Field Evidence For A Vadose Origin Of Foibe (Domepits), Max W. Reams

International Journal of Speleology

Foiba (plural, foibe) is a term derived from the northeastern Italian karst region. The word is here suggested for use in preference to other terms referring to vertical cavities in soluble rocks. Foiba is defined as a cavity in relatively soluble rock which is natural, solutional, tends toward a cylindrical shape, and possesses walls which normally approach verticality. In laboratory experiments, limestone blocks were treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, and cavities resembling foibe were produced. Vertical walls developed only when a less soluble layer capped the limestone block or when the acid source was stationary, allowing acid to drip to …

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Notes Sur Les Coleopteres Cavernicoles De Bulgarie. V. Balcanobius Etropolensis Gen.N.; Sp.N. - Nouveau Bathysciinae Cavernicole Du Groupe Des Brachyscapes (Catopidae, Coleoptera), Vassil B. Gueorguiev Jan 1965

Notes Sur Les Coleopteres Cavernicoles De Bulgarie. V. Balcanobius Etropolensis Gen.N.; Sp.N. - Nouveau Bathysciinae Cavernicole Du Groupe Des Brachyscapes (Catopidae, Coleoptera), Vassil B. Gueorguiev

International Journal of Speleology

Three caves of the central part of the Bulgarian Balkan (Stara planina, close to the village of Etropolé) host cavernicolous beetles of the subfamily Bathysciinae (family of Catopidae) that constitute a new genus of the Brachyscapes group. In this paper the diagnosis of this new troglobe genus together with the description of the type species Balcanobius etropolensis, gen.n., sp.n. are given. The new genus is then inserted in the dichotomic table as defined by R. Jeannel, placing it close to the other two Yugoslavian genus Parapropus and Spelaeodromus.

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Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Brunnenfauna Im Tal Des Flusses Bela Reca (Rumänien), Constantin Motas, Iosif Capuse Jan 1965

Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Brunnenfauna Im Tal Des Flusses Bela Reca (Rumänien), Constantin Motas, Iosif Capuse

International Journal of Speleology

After an introduction, comprising a historical summary on the researches on well fauna, a description of the study area in which 13 water wells have been investigated is given. The authors explain the adopted working method and indicate the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters (temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, O2-content, fixed residuum, suspended matter, N2O5, P2O5, NaCl, Ca, Fe). The fauna of the wells of Mehadia (see systematic part) is composed of 34 species: 1 Triclade, 3 Oligochaeta, 2 Gastropods, 5 Cladocera, 1 Ostracod, 3 Copepods, 4 Isopods, 2 …

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Preliminary Note On The Algae Of Crystal Cave, Kentucky, J. P. Nagy Jan 1965

Preliminary Note On The Algae Of Crystal Cave, Kentucky, J. P. Nagy

International Journal of Speleology

Collections of a preliminary type carried out in Crystal Cave, Kentucky, resulted in the identification of seven algal taxa. A Chamaesiphon (Dermocarpales) and an Asterocytis (Bangioidea) are reported for the first time from a speleo-environment. As no correlation could be found among the algae occurring in Crystal Cave and those of nearby Mammoth Cave the conclusion is reached that the cave algal floras do not originate from the algal vegetation of the surface but may have gotten into the caves at the time of the latter’s formation.

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Algological Investigations In Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, H. J. Jones Jan 1965

Algological Investigations In Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, H. J. Jones

International Journal of Speleology

Algological investigations carried out in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, revealed the presence of twenty-seven taxa representing all divisions of the Algae except the Pyrrhophyta and Phaeophyta; diatoms although observed in the samples were not dealt with in the present paper. One species, Oscillitoria clausiana spec. nov. and a form Lyngbya pusilla fa. tenuior fa. nov., both belonging to the Cyanophyta are new to science. In addition, several other rare and interesting algae were found. A comparison is made between the algal flora of the Mammoth Cave and algae found in several European caves. The ecology of the cavernicole algae is …

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Die Pflanzenwelt Der Höhlen Bei Lillafüred, Klara Verseghy Jan 1965

Die Pflanzenwelt Der Höhlen Bei Lillafüred, Klara Verseghy

International Journal of Speleology

The vegetation of the Forràs and Istvàn caves at Lillafured in Hungary is composed of algae, micro- and macrofungi and mosses. The algae in both caves are represented by unicellular Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta with small species numbers. The macrofungi are Coprinus and Polyporacea spp. while it was impossible to identify the microfungi. The moss flora is richly developed and it can be supposed to represent a secondary vegetation at the artificially illuminated places of the caves. In Forràs cave 7, and in Istvàn cave 15 different mosses were found, only 3 of which proved to be common to both caves: …

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Contribution À L'Étude De Certains Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) Des Grottes De Roumanie, Stefan Negrea Jan 1965

Contribution À L'Étude De Certains Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) Des Grottes De Roumanie, Stefan Negrea

International Journal of Speleology

This paper comprises the ecological and zoogeographical data of 21 systematic units of Lithobiidae coming from 100 Romanian caves (Transylvania, Banat, Oltenie and Dobroudja). Initially the author describes in a summarising way the provenance of the studied material, after which he exposes for every species the results of observations carried out by several authors and by himself. Finally he formulates the conclusions concerning ecology and biogeography resulting from his observations. These data are summarised in a synoptic table in which three species can be considered troglobionts, two of which are blind; these are Harpolithobius oltenicus Negrea; Lithobius decapolitus Matic, Negrea …

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Faune Des Eaux Souterraines Saumâtres De L'Asie Centrale, J. A. Birstein, S. I. Ljovuschkin Jan 1965

Faune Des Eaux Souterraines Saumâtres De L'Asie Centrale, J. A. Birstein, S. I. Ljovuschkin

International Journal of Speleology

In the cave Kaptar-Khana (south-western Turkmenistan) was discovered a lake filled with water with a salinity of 11,68‰. This lake is inhabited by a fauna of marine origin - Foraminifera (three species), Molluscs (Pseudocaspia ljovuschkini sp.n.), Harpacticoida (genera Ectinosoma, Schizopera and Nitocra), Isopoda (Microcharon halophilus sp.n.) and possibly Nematoda (Oncholaimidae). The majority of the discovered species are related to species of circum-Mediterranean origin. Geological data do not permit to consider this fauna as a relict of any of the tertiary seas. The same applies to all other cases when animals of marine origin were discovered …

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Sur Les Confluences Souterraines, Marcian Bleahu Jan 1965

Sur Les Confluences Souterraines, Marcian Bleahu

International Journal of Speleology

The development of a subterranean drainage system depends on the way in which subterranean confluences between different rivers can be formed. Different from surface, in which confluences are determined by processes related to the surface runoff of water, in subterranean karst confluences have a random pattern and are related to certain circumstances independent of the underground flow. These conditions are: pre-existence of circulation ways and the way they are distributed in space. At these the peculiar processes of subterranean karst flow determined by the flow under pressure, the only one that can explain the systematic appearance of confluences, have to …

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Östliche Gruppe Der Monolistrini (Crust. Isopoda) I. Systematischer Teil, Boris Sket Jan 1964

Östliche Gruppe Der Monolistrini (Crust. Isopoda) I. Systematischer Teil, Boris Sket

International Journal of Speleology

The author gives a diagnosis for all eastern Monoslistrinae known today, grouping them in the genus Monolistra and dealing with their geographical distribution. He also gives incomplete descriptions of some forms and also describes the new subgenus Monolistrella for M. velkovrhi Sket, the new species M. (Typhlosphaeroma) matjasici and M. (Microlistra) pretneri and the new subspecies M. (Monolistra) caeca intermedia, M. (Typhlosphaeroma) racovitzai pseudoberica and M. (Typhlosphaeroma) racovitzai conopyge.

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Remarques Sur Les Japygidae (Insecta, Diplura) Signalés Dans Le Domaine Souterrain, Jean Pagés Jan 1964

Remarques Sur Les Japygidae (Insecta, Diplura) Signalés Dans Le Domaine Souterrain, Jean Pagés

International Journal of Speleology

About 50 japygids, belonging to 29 distinct forms of which 23 are recognizable, have been collected since 1874 in caves all over the world. A list is given, by continent and by countries. Ten species found both in the soil and in caves are called troglophiles to emphasize the sorting which seems to occur among endogenous species. Of the remaining 13 species, all considered troglobites, only 3 show morphological peculiarities which can be ascribed to adaptation to cavernicolous life: (1) Metajapyx moroderi ssp. patrizianus Pagés from Sardinia shows a slightly longer 10th urite and cerci than the f. typ.; (2) …

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Algae And Their Mode Of Life In The Baradla Cave At Aggtelek Ii, George Claus Jan 1964

Algae And Their Mode Of Life In The Baradla Cave At Aggtelek Ii, George Claus

International Journal of Speleology

The author provides additional data to his publication of 1955. In a table he shows his results concerning 81 algal species which were returned to the cave of Aggtelek on June 22, 1954. When carrying out his control tests he found the decrease in the number of species to be 9 after 6 months and 18 after a further 8 months. In December 1957, after culturing on sun light however he was able to show again the presence of 17 species, but in his cultures Synechoccus elongatus, Phormidium dimorphum, Gloecoccus schròterii, Chlorococcum infusionum, Chlorella miniata and Protococcus anulatus, appeared …

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The Microvegetation Of A Small Ice-Cave In Hungary, Erzsébet Kol Jan 1964

The Microvegetation Of A Small Ice-Cave In Hungary, Erzsébet Kol

International Journal of Speleology

The algal flora of a small, artificial, ice-cave located in Northern Hungary is described. In this cave 23 species of algae (see in Table 3) were found of which the Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta occurred with approximately equal number. (9 vers. 11) It was found that the primary limiting factor influencing the penetration of the algae into the cave is the low temperature and not the lack of light.

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Eine Neue Aulakochloris-Art Aus Der Tropfsteinhöhle Von Abaliget, P. Palik Jan 1964

Eine Neue Aulakochloris-Art Aus Der Tropfsteinhöhle Von Abaliget, P. Palik

International Journal of Speleology

In the material collected by George Claus in the Cave of Abaliget (Hungary) an interesting, new, Chrysophyta, a silicified Aulakochloris species was found. The new species was named in honor of its collector A. clausiana nov. sp. and its description and occurrence in the Hungarian caves is given.

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Progress In The Biological Exploration Of Caves And Subterranean Waters In Israel, I. Friedmann Jan 1964

Progress In The Biological Exploration Of Caves And Subterranean Waters In Israel, I. Friedmann

International Journal of Speleology

The article gives an account of the biological works carried out in the caves and other subterranean habitats of Israel. The botanical and zoological investigations are summarized separately and a list of literature dealing with biospeleological research in Israel is supplied.

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Über Die Moose, Die Unter Dem Einfluβ Der Elektrischen Beleuchtung In Das Innere Der Höhlen In Ungarn Und In Der Tschechoslowakei Eindringen, A. Boros Jan 1964

Über Die Moose, Die Unter Dem Einfluβ Der Elektrischen Beleuchtung In Das Innere Der Höhlen In Ungarn Und In Der Tschechoslowakei Eindringen, A. Boros

International Journal of Speleology

The introduction of electrical illumination into different caves makes the intrusion of some mosses and ferns into such depths of the caves possible which at previous occasions (i. e. before the installation of electrical light) were found sterile of these plants. Investigations of two caves in Czechoslovakia and 4 caves in Hungary revealed the presence of mosses thriving deep inside of these caves making use of the artificial illumination.

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Processes Of Limestone Cave Development, Alan D. Howard Jan 1964

Processes Of Limestone Cave Development, Alan D. Howard

International Journal of Speleology

Three processes successively predominate in enlarging original fractures within limestone into cavern passages: (1) early dissolving by acid produced by oxidizing reactions within the groundwater as it flows through the limestone; (2) dissolving caused by the initial undersaturation with respect to calcite of the groundwater when it enters the limestone; and (3) increased dissolving which occurs at the transition from laminar to turbulent groundwater flow. Only those original fractures in limestone which are widest and which have a high hydraulic gradient acting across them will be enlarged into cavern passages. Until all available surface drainage has been diverted underground, cavern …

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Detection Of Caves By Gravimetry, Raymundo J. Chico Jan 1964

Detection Of Caves By Gravimetry, Raymundo J. Chico

International Journal of Speleology

For gravimetric investigations, a naturally occurring limestone cave may be compared with a buried empty sphere or cylinder, depending on its shape. The practical limit of detection for a subsurface void, utilizing available equipment (Worden gravity meter) and standard field procedure, is 0.1 milligal. Most corrections normally required by the gravimetric method may be neglected in cave detection, but the altitude control for the field traverse must have an accuracy of ± 0.1 foot. The detectability of a limestone cave, based on field work done at Luray Caverns, Virginia, and at other localities, is related to its shape, Radius (R), …

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Naissance De La Biospéologie, Constantin Motas Jan 1964

Naissance De La Biospéologie, Constantin Motas

International Journal of Speleology

Modern biospeleology dates from May 15, 1907, with the publication of Racovitza’s “Essai sur les problèmes biospéologiques.” In this paper he posed - if he did not answer - every question raised by life in the subterranean world. He outlined a program of biospeological research, made an analysis of the conditions of existence in the subterranean domain and their influence upon cavernicoles, discussed the evolution of subterranean biota, their geographical distribution, etc. Racovitza modified Schiner’s (1854) classification, dividing cavernicoles into troglobites, troglophiles and trogloxenes, terms later adopted by a great number of biospeologists. The “Essai”, called “Racovitza’s famous manifest” by …

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Remarques Sur La Signification Des Expériences En Géodynamique Karstique, Ph. Renault Jan 1964

Remarques Sur La Signification Des Expériences En Géodynamique Karstique, Ph. Renault

International Journal of Speleology

Distinction is made between the experiment which “demonstrates” having an argumentative value - and the experiment which “questions” nature by isolating one factor and by determining the mode of its action. The concept of experiment in geology and in geodynamics and the distinctions between geodynamics and geophysics are discussed. Karstic geodynamics considers the action of fluids - mainly liquids - on a soluble rock. It is a science bordering the different branches of geochemistry, hydrology, the mechanics of rocks, and geophysics. Researches in karstic geodynamics are based upon measurements obtained through field surveys, or upon the utilization of a subterranean …

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Écologie De Fonticola Notadena De Beauchamp (Turbellarié, Triclade) Dans La Grotte De La Balme (Isère, France); Survie En Période De Sécheresse, René Ginet, Rodolphe Puglisi Jan 1964

Écologie De Fonticola Notadena De Beauchamp (Turbellarié, Triclade) Dans La Grotte De La Balme (Isère, France); Survie En Période De Sécheresse, René Ginet, Rodolphe Puglisi

International Journal of Speleology

During many months a year the acquatic Planaria (F. notadena) living in a small pool in the La Balme cave are subjected to a drought with the complete drying out of their biotope; they support in situ this lack of water and, living in a latent way inside the clayey matrix. Thanks to the great hygroscopy of the clay, enough humidity stays around the Planarians to enable them to survive. During this period the Planaria may undergo spontaneous divisions resulting in their asexual multiplication.

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Die Bedeutung Der Pleistozänen Vogelfaunen Der Höhlen Im Ungarischen Mittelgebirge, Tibor Farkas Jan 1964

Die Bedeutung Der Pleistozänen Vogelfaunen Der Höhlen Im Ungarischen Mittelgebirge, Tibor Farkas

International Journal of Speleology

In the present study, the fossil bird fauna of the caves of the Hungarian Middle Mountains is examined for evidence in support of the hypothesis that the Carpathian Basin may have served as a faunal refugee during the last Quaternary glacial period. As an introduction, the reasons for the refugee hypothesis, including paleobotanical and glacial theoretical aspects, are discussed. Since the first bird fossils of the cave fauna considered in this paper belong to the Würm I-II, the faunistic conditions of the Riss glacial period are not discussed in detail, The known faunas up to the Würm II are interstadial, …

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Antrolana Lira, A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Cirolanid Isopod From Madison Cave, Virginia, Thomas E. Bowman Jan 1964

Antrolana Lira, A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Cirolanid Isopod From Madison Cave, Virginia, Thomas E. Bowman

International Journal of Speleology

Antrolana lira, a new genus and species of troglobitic cirolanid isopod, is descnibed from Madison Cave, in the Appalachian Valley of Virginia. The problem of its origin from a marine ancestor is discussed. A supplementary description is given of Cirolanides texensis, and records of its occurrence are given. A key is given to the troglobitic Cirolanidae of the Western Hemisphere, and their known distribution is shown on a map. The subgenus Speocirolana Bolivar y Pieltain is raised to genus.

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Essai Sur Une Étude Au Microscope Électronique De La Microflore Des Sédiments Argileux De Cavernes (A Preliminary Study Using An Electron Microscope, On The Microflora Of Cave Clay Sediments), V. Caumartin Jan 1964

Essai Sur Une Étude Au Microscope Électronique De La Microflore Des Sédiments Argileux De Cavernes (A Preliminary Study Using An Electron Microscope, On The Microflora Of Cave Clay Sediments), V. Caumartin

International Journal of Speleology

Researches on the microflora of cave clay sediments were carried out. The study of these micro-organisms necessitates the use of an enlargement of the order of 5,000. For this purpose the organisms were separated from the clay sediments by the foam flotation technique, followed by cultivation. Morphologically they can be divided into 5 types but together they form a group sufficiently homogeneous to justify their provisional grouping as the “Microfusiformetum.” Experiments with enriched cultures from several sediments have shown that certain of the micro-organisms were indigenous, others were accidental inhabitants.

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Über Die Algenwelt Der Höhlen In Ungarn, P. Palik Jan 1964

Über Die Algenwelt Der Höhlen In Ungarn, P. Palik

International Journal of Speleology

An account of the researches carried out on the algae living in the caves of Hungary is given. The results of the investigations concerning the algal flora of the Baradla, Peace, Abaliget, Pàlvòlgy, Kòlyuk caves are enumerated. Theories about the possible energy source utilized by these algae living in the complete darkness of caves such as radiation, symbiosis, chemosynthesis or auxothrophy are discussed. The question of the settling of algae into the caves is debated.

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