Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Sui Rhachomyces (Ascomycetes, Laboulbeniales) Parassiti Dei Duvalius Italiani (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini), W. Rossi

International Journal of Speleology

The systematic position, variability and distribution of the two species of Rhachomyces parasitic on Italian Duvalius are defined on the basis of several new findings. Rhachomyces stipitatus Thaxter was found in Liguria, central Italy, Sicily and Sardinia; its synonymy with R. capucinus Thaxter is confirmed and the ssp. pallidus Maire is considered of no systematic relevance. R. maublancii, whose position is regularized by a Latin validating diagnosis, was only found on the Alps and previous records in other countries are questioned.

Spontane Und Induzierte Aktivitätsmuster Bei Troglobionten Käfern (Genera Aphaenops, Geotrechus, Speonomus), G. Lamprecht, F. Weber

International Journal of Speleology

In Constant temperature the troglobite beetles Aphaenops cerberus and pluto, Geotrechus orpheus and Speonomus diecki are aperiodically active. By periodogram analysis neither circadian nor ultradian or infradian periodic components can be found. Moreover there are no relevant correlations between the lengths of successive activity bursts and rest pauses. Consequently the activity patterns are stochasticly structured. In cases with constancy of activity respectively rest behaviour the probabilities for the transition from activity to rest and from rest to activity are computed using the Frequency histograms of lengths of activity bursts and rest pauses. The transition probability is time-invariant if the …

Un Nouveau Microparasellide Des Eaux Souterraines Phréatigues De I'Italie: Microcharon Arganoi N. Sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda), Giuseppe L. Pesce, Pierantonio Teté

International Journal of Speleology

Microcharon arganoi, a new Microparasellid from subterranean waters of Southern Italy is described. For the shape and ornamentation of pleopod II of females and for the morphology of pleopod II of males, the new species is clearly related to the phyletic line which includes all the Western and French species of the genus. However, from all these species and from all the other ones M. arganoi differs by the ornamentation of the antennae, maxillipeds and pereiopeds, by the shape and ornamentation of pleopods I and II of males and II of females. and by ratio endopod/exopod of pleopod III. …

The Fine Structure Of Hamann's Organ In Leptodirus Hohenwarti, A Highly Specialized Cave Bathysciinae (Coleoptera, Catopidae), Fiorenza Accordi, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

Hamann’s organ in Leptodirus hohenwarti a highly specialized cave Bathysciinae, has been studied under the TEM, SEM and light microscope. This receptor organ located in the 7th, 9th and 10th antennal articles and previously referred to as the “vesicule olfactive” and as the “antennal organ” or “antennal vesicle”, reaches its highest degree of structural complexity in leptodirus. This paper attempts to establish some degree of synonymy among the terms used by earlier authors in describing the various antennal parts and sensilla. Five types of sensilla to be found in the organ are described, namely cribrose-stick sensilla, cribrose-utricular sensilla, star-shaped sensilla, …

Humidity Responses And The Role Of Hamann's Organ Of Cavernicolous Bathysciinae (Coleoptera Catopidae), Marco Lucarelli, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

The humidity responses of Bathysciola derosasi and Leptodirus hohenwarti, two species of troglobitic Bathysciinae showing different degrees of adaptation to cave environment, have been studied. Intact and antennectomised subjects were tested using choice-chambers with various combinations of relative humidity alternatives (i.e. 20-100%, 50-100%, 90-100%, 50-90% and, as controls, 100-100%) to investigate the role played by the sense organs situated on the 7th, 9th and 10th antenna segments. The results show that intact-antenna subjects of both species are very sensitive to humidity gradients and that their intensity of reaction varies according to the intensity of stimulus, as previously reported by …

Ostracodes Hypogés Du Sud De La France. 1. Mixtocandona Juberthieae N.Sp., Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

The description of Mixtacandona juberthieae n.sp. is presented. The new species belongs to the group taurica and has been found in the karstic system of the Vidourle river at Sauve (Gard).

Magniezia Gardei N.Sp. (Crustacca Isopoda Asellote): Un Sténasellide Des Eaux Souterraines Du Maroc Sud-Oriental, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

This new species has been discovered in the waters of Kef Aziza Cave, on the Saharian slopes of the High Atlas Range, Southeastern Morocco. Magniezia gardei n.sp. belongs to the same Genus as four species previously described from the phreatic waters of the Guinean area. So, it is assumed that this Moroccan species should be a relict of the ancient aquatic hypogean fauna of the entire West Africa, nowadays protected by the development of an arid climate.

A Classification Of Karstic Phenomena, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

The paper describes and classifies the several types of karstic processes, distinguishing karstic, parakarstic, hypokarstic, hyperkarstic and pseudokarstic phenomena. An appendix on solubility of silica is also given.

Ostracodes Du Sud De La France 2. Pseudocandona Simililampadis N.Sp., Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

The description of Pseudocandona simililampadis n. sp. is presented. The new species belongs to the group schellenbergi and has been found in the karstic system of the Vidourle river at Sauve (Gard).

Microflore Et Activité De Groupements Fonctionnels Dans Les Sédiments De Trois Grottes De I'Italie Centrale, A. Pasqualini, B. Fumanti, L. Visonà

International Journal of Speleology

A comparative study is presented of the microflora of sediments in three caves with different trophic characteristics. Quantitative and qualitative variations of microflora were investigated for one year by studying the total microflora and the activity of the nitrogen cycle functional groups. Data were compared with those of other works of previous authors. Results show that the quantity and kind of organic matter of sediment are most important factors regulating the abundance and activity of cavernicolous microflora. The experimental part of this paper is prefaced by a digest of investigations previously carried out on cavernicolous microflora and by a report …

Neue Ergebnisse Speläologischer Untersuchungen In Den Hainburger Bergen (Nö) Und Ihre Wissenschaftliche Bedeutung, Karl Mais

International Journal of Speleology

Since 1971 speleological and paleontological investigations have been carried out in the quarry “Hollitzer” which is in the Pfaffenberg near Bad Deutsch Altenburg (Hainburger Berge, Lower Austria). Evident karst phenomena are missing at the surface, but the existence of caves filled with sediments in the quarry show that the area is a fossil buried karst. A steady scientific survey allowed the study of the karstic phenomena without hindering the work in the quarry. Up to now more than 150 cavities have been discovered. Most of them seem to belong to a unique solutional system; corrasive forms are missing. Fossils (Gasteropoda, …

Un Batrachuperus Adulte Dans Une Grotte D'Iran Espèce Nouvelle?, M. Clergue-Gazeau, J. P. Farcy

International Journal of Speleology

During a speleological exploration of a cave in Iran, a species of Urodele Hynobiidae was found. This Batrachian is either a new species of the genus Batrachuperus or an adult form of the species Batrachuperus persieus previously only described in its larval and juvenile forms. Certain observable differences suggest that it can be considered a new species. Observations on its feeding habits indicate that the presence of this periodic trogloxene in the cave is not “accidental”, but that it remains there for a long period during its life cycle.

Fracturation Et Karstification D'Un Massif: L'Exemple De L'Azerou El Kebir (Algérie Du Nord), P. E. Coiffait, Y. Quinif

International Journal of Speleology

The fracturation of the sub-autochthonous massif of the Azerou el Kebir is not fundamentally different from that of the adjoining allochthonous massif - where the structures are due to an Alpine phase, known as the Atlas phase. As with all fractures, karstification only exploits certain of them, without having any linkage to their statistical importance, caves have developed following fractures which are qualitatively important, but are poorly represented quantitatively. The study of the karstification therefore, confirms his complementary to the structural analysis in order to elucidate the technical problems of fracturation in the region.

The Development Of Limestone Cave Systems In The Dimensions Of Length And Depth, Derek Clifford Ford, R. O. Ewers

International Journal of Speleology

Karst caves are defined as solutional cavities 5-16 mm in diameter and discussion is limited to cases where such continuously extend to a surficial input or output or both. Three opposed sets of general genetic hypotheses (“the classical hypotheses”) have been presented for such caves, Arguing that the majority develop 1) in the vadose zone 2) in the phreatic zone 3) proximate and parallel to a watertable. It is contended here that vadose, phreatìc and watertable caves are all of common occurrence and may be linked in one genetic theory. A four state model is proposed in which ideal phreatic …

Adolph Schmidl (1802 - 1863) The Father Of Modern Speleology?, T. R. Shaw

International Journal of Speleology

A. Adolf Schmidl (1802-1863) was the first person to regard speleology as a single coherent subject. Besides making important new explorations, he studied karst hydrology and underground meteorology and was also closely concerned with the work of others on cave fauna and flora. His publications ensured that his achievements were known to his successors, but his influence was less widespread than that of Martel who nevertheless called him “the real originator of speleology”.

Synthèse Bibliographique Sur La Toxicité Des Substances Fluorescentes Utilisées En Hydrologie, J. Molinari, J. Rochat

International Journal of Speleology

This synthesis has been established from three recent studies and from a complementary bibliographical research. It resumes the names of fluorescent substances actually used or experimented as tracers in hydrology and draws attention to their uses and relative problems in their uses. The adjoining annex gives an exhaustive use of publications received on the subject (35 titles).

The Discovery Of Proteus-Eggs (Proteus Anguinus Laurenti, Amphibia) In Seminatural Conditions, B. Sket, F. Velkovrh

International Journal of Speleology

Proteus-eggs were found for the first time in the nature, drifted out of a karstic spring. They were obtained from the Vir Spring al Sticna, 30 km ESE of Ljubljana. The hydrological and faunistical data indicate that Proteus lays its eggs also in “unsheltered”, energetically rich groundwater habitats.

Observations Sur I'Écologie Et La Distribution Des Turbellariés Tricladides Dépigmentés Et Anophtalmes De Roumanie, L. Botosaneanu

International Journal of Speleology

Twenty-two localities, where unpigmented and mostly blind tricladid turbellarians (Dendrocoelidae and Fonticola) were discovered by the author, are described in more or less detail. These animals are particularly well represented in Romania; the explanation is that they are expansive offshoots of a fauna formerly inhabiting the huge brackish or freshwater lakes which covered most of this country during the Neogene (and especially the Sarmatian). Different species are inhabitants of different particular habitats of the underground water realm, and the author distinguishes between species inhabiting cave waters, typical phreatobionts, hyporheic species and species living in springs or springbrooks. These species are …

Réponses Locomotrices Du Poisson Cavernicole Astyanax Jordani (Pisces, Characidae) À Des Signaux Périodiques Et Apériodiques De Lumière Et De Température, G. Thines, M. Weyers

International Journal of Speleology

The locomotory activity of adult cave fishes Astyanax jordani was recorded in isolation in the following light and temperature conditions: constant conditions (100 Lx - 20°C), in a light cycle (LD:11/11 -10 Lx -100 Lx) and in a temperature cycle (11/11; 17/20, 19/22, 20/23, 27/30 °C). All longitudinal time series extended for a minimum of 30 days. Results show: (1) That no circadian regulation appears in constant conditions; (2) that passive entrainment occurs in LD (Amplitude: 90 Lx) and in periodic temperature conditions (Amplitude: 3°C). The entrainment effect damps out and varies individually; (3) that the mean activity increases with …

A Note On The Speleo-Minerals In South Korea, N. Kashima, M. S. Suh, S. K. Pae

International Journal of Speleology

Description of a total of nine minerals found in ten caves of the middle Eastern part of the Korean peninsula.

Notes Éco-Éthologiques Et Parasitologiques Sur Les Chiroptères Cavernicoles Du Shaba (Zaïre), M. Anciaux De Faveaux

International Journal of Speleology

After a brief analysis of the elements of the cavernicolous microclimate in Shaba, the author emphasizes the possibility of relations between ecology and parasitism. He then reviews the 9 species of Chiroptera that live in the subterranean field in Shaba, pointing out their environmental habitat, behaviour and parasites.

Primary Productivity In Hillsborough Bay, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This study was designed to be a long term ecological study. Effects of nutrient removal through time on productivity is expected to be shown.

As the treatment progresses from primary to secondary, to nitrification, to denitrification, we expect to be able to document corresponding drops in productivity levels.

Final Report Anclote Commercial Plankton Monitoring Program, E. P. Wilkens, W. R. Weiss, J. D. Horne

Reports

Commercial plankton were monitored in the vicinity of Florida Power Corporation's Ancolote power plant from January through December, 1976 in order to assess the entrainment potential for ichthyoplankton and planktonic stages of commercially important invertebrates and to estimate the annual standing crop of these organisms.

The purpose of this report is to present commercial plankton data collected at anclote from January through December of 1976. Additional data gathered by Florida Power Corporation and the University of South Florida during 1975 is also discussed. Entrainment loss estimates for commercial plankton have been calculated and are discussed in terms of their possible …

Ancolote Power Station Post-Operational Plankton Monitoring Program: Vol 1 Technical Discussion, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Environmental Systems Department (Pa)

Reports

The affect of the Anclote Power Station on the plankton community was evaluated by (1) determining differences among stations, (2) comparing results from the post-operational plankton monitoring program, 93) examining any major changes in seasonal cycles from those expected of plankton communities in shallow-water, subtropical estuaries and (4) determining the frequency of occurrence and extent of temperatures known to adversely affect the copepods Acartia tonsa and Oithona spp.

Anclote Power-Station Post-Operational Plankton Monitoring Program Volume I: Technical Discussion, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Environmental Systems (Pa), Florida Power Corporation

Reports

As part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has required that Florida Power Corporation (FPC) demonstrate that .operation of the Anclote Power Station does not adversely affect the aquatic community of the Anclote River and Anchorage. In response to this requirement FPC initiated the Anclote Post-operational Ecological Monitoring Program and contracted with Westinghouse Environmental Systems Department to conduct the plankton monitoring portion of the program.

Anclote Power Station Post-Operational Plankton Monitoring Program: Vol 2 Appendices, Florida Power Corporation

Reports

Appendix IV-A through appendix IV-F

Anclote Power-Station Post-Operational Plankton Monitoring Program Volume Ii: Appendices, Environmental Systems Department Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Florida Power Corporation

Reports

Appendix IV-A through IV-F

1976 Water Quality Hillsborough County, Florida, R. G. Wilkins

Reports

The Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Ac t charges the Environmental Prote ction Commission with the function of establishing, operating and maintaining a continuous program for monitoring water pollution. A county-wide water quality surveillance network has been designed to provide accurate data and information as t o whether the requirements of the Act are being complied with and whether the level of water pollution is increasing or decreasing throughout the county.

This broad base of water data obtained during 1972-1976 provides useful background data for eventual development, revision and enforcement of regulations, standard effluent limitation plans, or programs established under the …

Impact Of Dredging In Tampa Bay 1976, Roy R. Lewis Iii

Reports

During the last 100 years four major types of dredging have impacted the bay: channel deepening, maintenance dredging, shell dredging, and dredging for landfill construction. These landfills have resulted in the loss of 44% of the original marine wetlands bordering Tampa Bay. Recent environmental concerns have halted landfill dredging and severely restricted maintenance dredging.

Nitrobacter In Mammoth Cave, C. B. Fliermans, E. L. Schmidt

International Journal of Speleology

Mammoth Cave, a large limestone cavern in Mammoth Cave National Park in the Central Kentucky karst, was first mined for saltpetre in 1808 and was a major source of nitrates used in the manufacture of gunpowder during the War of 1812. The mechanism of saltpetre formation is unknown, although hypotheses encompassing both biotic and abiotic functions have been suggested. Present studies were conducted in various saltpetre caves using species specific fluorescent antibodies in order to determine if the chemoautotroph, Nitrobacter, were present. Population densities and species distribution of Nitrobacter were studied in relation to chemical and physical parameters for …