Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Development Of Optomechanical Sensors—Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures For Enhanced Sensitivity, Faolan Radford Mcgovern, Aleksandra Hernik, Catherine M. Grogan, George Amarandei, Izabela Naydenova

Conference Papers

The term optomechanical sensors describes devices based on coupling the optical and mechanical sensing principles. The presence of a target analyte leads to a mechanical change, which, in turn, determines an alteration in the light propagation. Having higher sensitivity in comparison with the individual technologies upon which they are based, the optomechanical devices are used in biosensing, humidity, temperature, and gases detection. This perspective focuses on a particular class, namely on devices based on diffractive optical structures (DOS). Many configurations have been developed, including cantilever- and MEMS-type devices, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and cavity optomechanical sensing devices. These state-of-the-art sensors …

Framework For Trustworthy Ai In The Health Sector, Mykhailo Danilevskyi

Academic Posters Collection

The European Commission defines that Trustworthy AI should be lawful, ethical and robust. The ethical component and its technical methods are the main focus of the research. According to this, the initial research goal is to create a methodology for evaluating datasets for ML modeling using ethical principles in the healthcare domain. Ethical risk assessment will help to ensure compliance with principles such as privacy, fairness, safety and transparency which are especially important for the Health Care sector. At the same time, risks must be evaluated with respect to AI model performance and possible scenarios of risk mitigation. Ethical risk …

Development Of Holographic Optical Elements For Use In Wound Monitoring, Pamela Stoeva, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Brian Rogers, M. Oubaha, Suzanne Martin, Dervil Cody, M.A. Ferrara, G. Coppola, Izabela Naydenova

Conference Papers

Wounds that fail to heal impact the quality of life of 2.5 % of the total population. The costs of chronic wound care will reach $15–22 billion by 2024. These alarming statistics reveal the financial strain for both the medical industry and society. A solution can be found in compact and accessible sensors that offer real-time analysis of the wound site, facilitating continuous monitoring and immediate treatment, if required. Benefits of these sensors include reduction of cost and can extend the reach of healthcare to remote areas. The progression of a wound site can be closely monitored with holographic optical …

Finally, It Seems To Be Working – The Evolving Valuation Effect Of The European Union’S Emissions Trading System, Benjamin Lynch, Martha O'Hagan-Luff

Articles

This research examines the market reaction to the publication of firm-specific environmental news for participating firms in the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) during its third phase. Our sample of 123 publicly listed participating firms, located in 21 European countries, accounted for 45.43% of emissions in the EU ETS in 2020. Using an event study methodology during the period 2014–2021, we find that positive news was rewarded with increased returns for publication events related to the latter years of the phase (2017–2020) while it had an insignificant impact for earlier year (2013–2016). This indicates that the EU ETS …

Assessment Of The Imerg Early-Run Precipitation Estimates Over South American Country Of Chile, Luciana Das Dores De Jesus Da Silva, Mohammed Mahoud, Lisdelys González-Rodríguez, Safa Mohammed, Lien Rodríguez-López, Mauricio Ivan Aguayo Arias

Articles

Accurate rainfall measurement is a challenge, especially in regions with diverse climates and complex topography. Thus, knowledge of precipitation patterns requires observational networks with a very high spatial and temporal resolution, which is very difficult to construct in remote areas with complex geological features such as desert areas and mountains, particularly in countries with high topographical variability such as Chile. This study evaluated the performance of the near-real-time Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Early product throughout Chile, a country located in South America between 16°S–66°S latitude. The accuracy of the IMERG Early was assessed at different special and temporal …

Classifying Recaptured Identity Documents Using The Biomedical Meijering And Sato Algorithms, John Magee, Stephen Sheridan, Christina Thorpe

Academic Posters Collection

Recaptured identity documents are a low-cost, high-risk threat to modern eKYC systems. Bad actors can easily manipulate images and print them. Existing solutions typically demand manual review of remotely captured identity documents, this is expensive and does not scale. In 2022, the UK National Crime Agency estimated fraud cost business hundreds of billion pounds per year and document forgery is an area of investigation by Europol.

Evaluation Of Gender-Based Differences In Primary School Maths Education: The Potential Of Digital Games, Maíra Amaral

Academic Posters Collection

Digital Game-Based Learning is shown to be a more effective instructional method than traditional instruction, however less effective than other technology-supported instruction according to Byun and Joung (2018). Regarding gender aspects, according to findings by Mclaren and colleagues in 2022, girls may learn more mathematics from digital learning games than boys. In their study, even reporting greater behavioural and cognitive engagement, boys did not learn more with the game than girls.

A Mode Sum Regularization Prescription In Quantum Field Theory In Curved Spacetimes In Higher Dimensions And For Charged Scalar Fields, Eoin Scanlon

Academic Posters Collection

Semi-classical gravity combines classical treatment of the gravitational field with quantum mechanical treatment of matter fields. A significant challenge however is the divergence contained within the stress-energy tensor when solving the semi-classical Einstein equations. This work extends to higher dimensions an extremely efficient method for renormalizing the stress-energy tensor of a quantum scalar field in spherically-symmetric black hole spacetimes, thereby removing the divergences. The method applies to a scalar field with arbitrary field parameters. The utility of the method is demonstrated by computing the renormalized stress-energy tensor for a scalar field in the Schwarzschild black hole spacetime for odd dimensions.

Using Machine Learning For Web Accessibility, Tlamelo Makati

Academic Posters Collection

This research will explore the potential of machine learning to enhance web accessibility. Web accessibility is typically defined in terms of Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which states that everyone should be able to perceive, operate, understand and interpret the web regardless of disability or use of assistive technology. We would like to consult digital accessibility experts through interviews and focus groups to understand the web accessibility auditing and remediation processes in detail, with a focus on web navigation. An important goal of this work is to establish development processes where all stakeholders can leverage machine-learning tools to produce more accessible …

Feedback, Learning Outcomes And Mathematics Anxiety In A Digital Game Based Learning Approach In Mathematics Education, André Almo

Academic Posters Collection

Feedback is a crucial part of learning, and an essential element in digital game-based learning approaches, in which digital games - known as 'serious games' - are used to deliver educational content. Feedback features respond to players' actions within the game, providing them with information and guidance, as well as potentially impacting their learning, motivation and engagement. However, these features may be designed differently, since they include various distinct characteristics and dimensions. This work proposes a new taxonomy for feedback features in serious games, with an emphasis in game design aspects, in order to provide clearer descriptions and distinctions of …

Detecting Road Intersections From Satellite Images Using Convolutinal Neural Networks, Fatmaelzahraa Eltaher, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Jane Courtney, Susan Mckeever

Academic Posters Collection

The location of intersections is an important consideration for vulnerable road users such as People with Blindness or Visually Impairment (PBVI) or children. Route planning applications, however, do not give information about the location of intersections as this information is not available at scale. In this paper, we propose a deep learning framework to automatically detect the location of intersections from satellite images using convolutional neural networks. For this purpose, we labelled 7,342 Google maps images from Washington, DC, USA to create a dataset. This dataset covers a region of 58.98 km$^{2}$ and has 7,548 intersections. We then applied a …

Application Of The Two-Variable Model To Simulate A Multisensory Reaction-Time Task, Rebecca Brady, John Butler

Academic Posters Collection

To navigate the world in an efficient manner, the brain seamlessly integrates signals received across multiple sensory modalities. Behavioral studies have suggested that multisensory processing is a winner-take-all sensory response mechanism to some optimal combination of sensory signals. In addition, multiple sensory cues are not always beneficial with some studies showing maladaptive multisensory processing as an identifier of older adults prone to falls from age matched healthy controls.

A stalwart of modelling sensory decision-making is the work by (Wong &Wang, 2006) but to date almost all of this research has been focused on unisensory tasks. We extend the reduced two-variable …

Enhancing Health Data Representation For Older Adults: Unlocking Opportunities, Peterson Jean

Academic Posters Collection

The prevalence of off-the-shelf wearable devices increases the monitoring and measurement of critical physiological parameters like activity, sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure. However, the accessibility of health data representations poses challenges for older adults, who often struggle to understand the criticality of their own health data without assistance. This poster highlights the challenges older adults face in accessing their health data from wearable technologies, specifically focusing on data representations.

To address these challenges, it proposes a methodology that involves a heuristic evaluation of existing data representations with experts and accessibility studies with older adults using a mixed methods approach …

Cslinc: A Nationwide Cs Mooc For Second-Level Students, Karen Nolan, Keith Quille, Brett A. Becker

Academic Posters Collection

This poster introduces CSLINC, a free scaffolded MOOC framework tailored to second-level students in Ireland that consists of: an online platform built for accessibility; a suite of modules developed upon international best practices with varying co-creators; and automated assessment and certificates of completion. Its aim is to provide content to promote national CS curricula to all second-level students in Ireland. In September 2021, CSLINC launched to 10,000 students across 100 schools. Future work will include collecting and collating research to validate CSLINC’s goals, scaffolding that will build foundations for national curriculum learning outcomes, and measure its impact on students, their …

Investigating The Use Of Conversational Agents As Accountable Buddies To Support Health And Lifestyle Change, Ekaterina Uetova, Dympna O'Sullivan, Lucy Hederman, Robert J. Ross

Academic Posters Collection

The poster focuses on the role of conversational agents in promoting health and well-being. Results of the literature review indicate that negative emotions can hinder individuals from taking necessary actions related to their health. The study concludes that understanding and addressing emotional barriers is essential to facilitating early access to health services and improving well-being. The poster outlines plans to investigate motivation strategies, develop a prototype conversational agent based on user study insights and chat log data, and incorporate emotion regulation to effectively manage users' emotional experiences.

Attention-Based Gender-Stereotype Detection, Manuela Nayantara, Sarah Jane Delany

Academic Posters Collection

Gender stereotypes are perceptions about the typical physical, emotional, and social characteristics of individuals. Unlike gender bias which can result in the systematic and unfair treatment of individuals based on their gender, gender stereotypes do not always perpetuate a negative impact. Hence, there is no solid definition that frames what is considered a gender-stereotype in text. In addition, there is also a lack of labelled gender-stereotype datasets. This has led to most of the work in literature being about gender bias and not gender stereotypes. Therefore, in our research, we frame a clear definition of what constitutes a gender-stereotype in …

From Overlay To Interplay - Subverting The Message And Creating The Surreal With Augmented Reality, Nina Lyons

Academic Posters Collection

This proof of concept utilises content creation tools that create diegetic presentation which is not commonly utilised in AR systems. In this study, the virtual overlay that becomes visible through AR displays diegetic content that disrupts the meaning of the poster highlighting the potential for AR as a visual communication medium and the opportunities that AR has, as a medium, for creating narrative.

Spoken Language To Irish Sign Language Machine Translation: A Linguistically Informed Approach, Jesus Aguilar Lopez, Irene Murtagh, Sheila Castilho

Academic Posters Collection

Many deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals rely on sign language (SL) on a daily basis as a preferred language. Although nowadays there are significant advances on spoken language research, current approaches are often neither linguistically motivated nor tailored to the unique features of SLs. Further research and development are necessary to enhance Sign Language Machine Translation (SLMT) and bring it to a similar level as spoken language MT. This research will endeavour to improve the accuracy and efficiency of SLMT systems, making them more accessible to the Deaf community and empowering deaf and hard of hearing individuals to communicate more effectively …

A Framework For Confusion Mitigation In Task-Oriented Interactions, Na Li, Robert J. Ross

Academic Posters Collection

Confusion is a mental state that can be triggered in task-oriented interactions and which can if left unattended lead to boredom, frustration, or disengagement from the task at hand. Previous work has demonstrated that confusion can be detected in situated human-robot interactions from visual and auditory cues. Therefore, in the next step, we propose appropriate interaction structures in this study, which should be used to mitigate confusion. We motivate and describe this dialogue mechanism through an information state-style dialogue framework and policies, and also outline the approach we are taking to integrate such a meta-conversational goal alongside core task-oriented considerations …

Techmate: A Research-Driven Toolkit To Enhance Gender Balance In Computing Education, Alina Berry, Sarah Jane Delany

Academic Posters Collection

This poster presents a toolkit of practical initiatives and guidance on how to enhance gender balance in computing higher education. The suggested initiatives are designed in the way that could be adapted for a use in a local context, especially in universities in the UK or in Ireland. The initiatives are categorised under four main areas: Policy, Pedagogy, Influence & Support and Promotion & Engagement. Additionally, guidance is given on mechanisms to evaluate the impact of these initiatives. This work will be of interest to champions looking to enhance gender balance in their computing courses.

They Followed The Cheese - Visual Web-Based Experiments Showcasing The Opportunities Available For The Presentation Of Information In Ar, Nina Lyons

Academic Posters Collection

The desktop paradigm bridged a sizeable usability gap at a time before the term “usability” became a conscious objective goal of developers. Mapping the capabilities of the computer to how a user understands their work desk, helped users understand how to interact with a computer. The paradigm has evolved and continues to evolve and reshape itself in different platforms. However, the UIs still rely heavily on established laws and principles that suit the conditions of screens. AR has the opportunity to leverage Semiotic Extension to create context relevant UIs that rely on the focus of the real-time view to inform …

Enhancing Early-Stage Xai Projects Through Designer-Led Visual Ideation Of Ai Concepts, Helen Sheridan, Emma Murphy, Dympna O'Sullivan

Academic Posters Collection

The pervasive use of artificial intelligence (AI) in processing users’ data is well documented with the use of AI believed to profoundly change users’ way of life in the near future. However, there still exists a sense of mistrust among users who engage with AI systems some of this stemming from lack of transparency, including users failing to understand what AI is, what it can do and its impact on society. From this, the emerging discipline of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has emerged, a method of designing and developing AI where a systems decisions, processes and outputs are explained and …

Unlocking The Black Box: Evaluating Xai Through A Mixed Methods Approach Combining Quantitative Standardised Scales And Qualitative Techniques, Helen Sheridan, Dympna O'Sullivan, Emma Murphy

Academic Posters Collection

In 1950 when Alan Turing first published his groundbreaking paper, computing machinery and intelligence and asked “Can machines think?” a new era of research exploring the intelligence of digital computers and their ability to deceive and/or imitate a human was ignited. From these first explorations of AI to modern day artificial intelligence and machine learning systems many advances, breakthroughs and improved algorithms have been developed usually advancing at an exponential pace. This has resulted in the pervasive use of AI systems in the processing of data. Concerns have been expressed related to biased decisions by AI systems around the processing …

Investigation Of Oleic Acid As A Dispersant For Hydroxyapatite Powders For Use In Ceramic Filled Photo-Curable Resins For Stereolithography, Brendan Kennedy, Eamonn De Barra, Stuart Hampshire, Maura Kelleher

Articles

Stereolithography allows production of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone regeneration but is limited by the challenging rheology of ceramic filled resins. Oleic acid, a natural fatty acid, was applied in concentrations of 0.0–0.3 wt% to improve the rheological properties of HAp resins for the fabrication of solid cylinders and scaffolds by digital light processing (DLP) printing in a wiperless system. Bonding by chemisorption was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The powders were then incorporated into a photo-curable resin of 1–6 hexanediol diacrylate at 18–30 vol%. The shear viscosity and sedimentation rates of photocurable resins containing HAp powder decreased with increasing concentration …

Improving The Angular Visibility Of Photopolymer-Based Reflection Holograms For Sensing Applications, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Kevin Murphy, John Walsh, Suzanne Martin, Dervil Cody, Izabela Naydenova

Articles

Volume reflection hologram-based sensors are designed to visibly change colour in response to a target stressor or analyte. However, reflection holograms fabricated in thick photopolymer films are highly angularly selective, making these sensors challenging to view and interpret by non-experts. Here, the use of speckle holography to improve the visibility of reflection holograms is presented. A novel recording approach combining speckle recording techniques with Denisyuk reflection recording geometry is described. The recorded speckle reflection grating operates as a series of multiplexed reflection gratings with a range of spatial frequencies, capable of reflecting light at a wider range of angles. A …

Design And Fabrication Of Volume Holographic Optical Couplers For A Range Of Non-Normal Incidence Angles, Dipanjan Chakraborty, Rosen Georgiev, Sinead Aspell, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin

Conference Papers

A theoretical model has previously been developed to calculate the holographic recording beam angles required in air (at any recording wavelength) to produce a Volume Holographic Optical Element (VHOE) for operation as a coupler for different input and output angles. In this paper, the experimental study is extended to further validate the VHOE coupler design and fabrication approach for additional incident beam angles, comparing -40° -45° and -50° (in air). The output angle for each VHOE is +45° within the medium and the coupler operational wavelength is 633nm. Holographic recording in Bayfol HX 200 photopolymer at 532nm is used to …

Fabrication And Characterisation Of Large Area, Uniform And Controllable Surface Relief Patterns In Photopolymer Material, Owen Kearney, Izabela Naydenova

Conference Papers

As the risk of antibiotic resistant pathogens increases, development of convenient point of care devices is essential. Such devices would help avoid infection – ensure cleanliness of environments and assist in bacteria analysis. The ultimate aim of the research presented here is to develop a compact, cost effective, easy to use optical device which is capable of detecting and quantifying bacteria in an aqueous sample. The surface relief patterns have a dual role, they provide a diffracted light signal, and control the adhesion of the bacteria to the surface. The strength of the diffracted signal is expected to provide a …

Preface : Fruit And Vegetable Waste Utilization And Sustainability, Sachin A. Mandavgane, Ipsita Chakravarty, Amit Jaiswal

Books/Book Chapters

Fruits and vegetables are an important source of nutrition and a key element of a healthy balanced diet. Several organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), and Food Health England suggest consuming more than 400 g of fruits and vegetables per day (roughly five portions per day) to improve overall health and reduce the risk of certain cardiovascular diseases and cancer; subsequently, consumption and production of fruits and vegetables are on the rise. The increased consumption/production of fruits and vegetables has resulted in huge quantities of waste (approximately 42% of the …

Explaining Deep Learning Time Series Classification Models Using A Decision Tree, Ephrem T. Mekonnen, Pierpaolo Dondio, Luca Longo

Academic Posters Collection

This preliminary study proposes a new post hoc method to explain deep learning-based time series classification models using a decision tree. Our approach generates a decision tree graph or rulesets as an explanation, improving interpretability compared to saliency map-based methods. The method involves two phases: training and evaluating the deep learning-based time series classification model and extracting prototypical events from the evaluation set to train the decision tree classifier. We conducted experiments on artificial and real datasets, evaluating the explanations based on accuracy, fidelity, number of nodes, and depth. Our preliminary findings suggest that our post-hoc method improves the interpretability …

Duality For Spaces Of Polynomials On Tree Spaces, Christopher Boyd, Costas Poulios, Milena Venkova

Articles

In this paper we study the duality of certain spaces of polynomials on a class of tree spaces. In particular, we are interested in establishing isometric isomorphisms between the spaces of integral and nuclear polynomials and in determining when all polynomials are weakly continuous on bounded sets. This will provide us with new examples of what are known as Q-reflexive spaces.