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Statistics and Probability

2013

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Articles 31 - 60 of 684

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Certain Fractional Integral Operators And The Generalized Incomplete Hypergeometric Functions, H. M. Srivastava, Praveen Agarwal Dec 2013

Certain Fractional Integral Operators And The Generalized Incomplete Hypergeometric Functions, H. M. Srivastava, Praveen Agarwal

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we apply a certain general pair of operators of fractional integration involving Appell’s function F3 in their kernel to the generalized incomplete hypergeometric functions pΓq[z] and pɣq [z], which were introduced and studied systematically by Srivastava et al. in the year 2012. Some interesting special cases and consequences of our main results are also considered.

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Application Of Fractional Moments For Comparing Random Variables With Varying Probability Distributions, Munther R. Al Shami, A. R. Mugdadi, R. R. Nigmatullin, S. I. Osokin Dec 2013

Application Of Fractional Moments For Comparing Random Variables With Varying Probability Distributions, Munther R. Al Shami, A. R. Mugdadi, R. R. Nigmatullin, S. I. Osokin

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

New methods are being presented for statistical treatment of different random variables with unknown probability distributions. These include analysis based on the probability circles, probability ellipses, generalized mean values, generalized Pearson correlation coefficient and the beta-function analysis. Unlike other conventional statistical procedures, the main distinctive feature of these new methods is that no assumptions are made about the nature of the probability distribution of the random series being evaluated. Furthermore, the suggested procedures do not introduce uncontrollable errors during their application. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated on simulated data with extended and reduced sample sizes having different probability …

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Analysis Of Mixed Correlated Bivariate Negative Binomial And Continuous Responses, F. Razie, E. B. Samani, M. Ganjali Dec 2013

Analysis Of Mixed Correlated Bivariate Negative Binomial And Continuous Responses, F. Razie, E. B. Samani, M. Ganjali

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

A general model for the mixed correlated negative binomial and continuous responses is proposed. It is shown how to construct parameter of the models, using the maximization of the full likelihood. Influence of a small perturbation of correlation parameter of the model on the likelihood displacement is also studied. The model is applied to a medical data, obtained from an observational study on women, where the correlated responses are the negative binomial response of joint damage and continuous responses of body mass index. Simultaneous effects of some covariates on both responses are investigated.

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Random Search Models Of Foraging Behavior: Theory, Simulation, And Observation., Ben C. Nolting Dec 2013

Random Search Models Of Foraging Behavior: Theory, Simulation, And Observation., Ben C. Nolting

Department of Mathematics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Many organisms, from bacteria to primates, use stochastic movement patterns to find food. These movement patterns, known as search strategies, have recently be- come a focus of ecologists interested in identifying universal properties of optimal foraging behavior. In this dissertation, I describe three contributions to this field. First, I propose a way to extend Charnov's Marginal Value Theorem to the spatially explicit framework of stochastic search strategies. Next, I describe simulations that compare the efficiencies of sensory and memory-based composite search strategies, which involve switching between different behavioral modes. Finally, I explain a new behavioral analysis protocol for identifying the …

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A Geographical Approach For Integrating Belief Networks And Geographic Information Sciences To Probabilistically Predict River Depth, Nathan Lee Hopper Dec 2013

A Geographical Approach For Integrating Belief Networks And Geographic Information Sciences To Probabilistically Predict River Depth, Nathan Lee Hopper

Dissertations

Geography is, traditionally, a discipline dedicated to answering complex spatial questions. Although spatial statistical techniques, such as weighted regressions and weighted overlay analyses, are commonplace within geographical sciences, probabilistic reasoning, and uncertainty analyses are not typical. For example, belief networks are statistically robust and computationally powerful, but are not strongly integrated into geographic information systems. This is one of the reasons that belief networks have not been more widely utilized within the environmental sciences community. Geography’s traditional method of delivering information through maps provides a mechanism for conveying probabilities and uncertainties to decision makers in a clear, concise manner. This …

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Survival Analysis Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Yuanxin Hu Dec 2013

Survival Analysis Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Yuanxin Hu

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

No abstract provided.

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Factors Associated With Parental Decision Making And Childhood Vaccination, Zuwen Qiu-Shultz Dec 2013

Factors Associated With Parental Decision Making And Childhood Vaccination, Zuwen Qiu-Shultz

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In order to better understand factors affecting immunization status, logistic regression was used to assess the association of various socio-demographic factors and whether parents would have their child immunized if not a state mandate. Factors included in the study were race, household income, number of children in the household, number of adults in the household, if the child had a primary provider, if the child had a health check-up in the last twelve months, and medical insurance status of the child. The combined Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey Result of 2009-2010 (Year Two) and 2010-2011 (Year Three) conducted by the Nevada …

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Time-Dependent Random Effect Poisson Random Field Model For Polymorphism Within And Between Two Related Species, Shilei Zhou Dec 2013

Time-Dependent Random Effect Poisson Random Field Model For Polymorphism Within And Between Two Related Species, Shilei Zhou

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Molecular evolution is partially driven by mutation, selection, random genetic drift, or combination of the three factors. To quantify the magnitude of these genetic forces, a previously developed time-dependent fixed effect Poisson random field model provides powerful likelihood and Bayesian estimates of mutation rate, selection coefficient, and species divergence time. The assumption of the fixed effect model that selection intensity is constant within a genetic locus but varies across genes is obviously biologically unrealistic, but it serves the original purpose of making statistical inference about selection and divergence between two related species they are individually at mutation-selection-drift inequilibrium. By relaxing …

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Balancing The Presentation Of Information And Options In Patient Decision Aids: An Updated Review, Purva Abhyankar, Robert J. Volk, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Paulina Bravo, Angela Buchholz, Elissa Ozanne, Dale C. Vidal, Nananda Col, Peep Stalmeier Nov 2013

Balancing The Presentation Of Information And Options In Patient Decision Aids: An Updated Review, Purva Abhyankar, Robert J. Volk, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Paulina Bravo, Angela Buchholz, Elissa Ozanne, Dale C. Vidal, Nananda Col, Peep Stalmeier

Dartmouth Scholarship

Standards for patient decision aids require that information and options be presented in a balanced manner; this requirement is based on the argument that balanced presentation is essential to foster informed decision making. If information is presented in an incomplete/non-neutral manner, it can stimulate cognitive biases that can unduly affect individuals’ knowledge, perceptions of risks and benefits, and, ultimately, preferences. However, there is little clarity about what constitutes balance, and how it can be determined and enhanced. We conducted a literature review to examine the theoretical and empirical evidence related to balancing the presentation of information and options.

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Revealing The Ubiquitous Effects Of Quantum Entanglement-Toward A Notion Of God Logic, Wen-Ran Zhang, Karl E. Peace Nov 2013

Revealing The Ubiquitous Effects Of Quantum Entanglement-Toward A Notion Of God Logic, Wen-Ran Zhang, Karl E. Peace

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Following Spinoza-Einstein’s interpretation of God or nature, the notion “God Logic” is proposed. This notion is to serve as an elicitation for a consistent set of necessary criteria for: 1) developing the logical foundation of quantum gravity as envisaged by Einstein, 2) revealing the ubiquitous effects of quantum entanglement as suggested by Roger Penrose, and 3) programming the universe as proposed by Seth Lloyd. An evolving set of eleven criteria is proposed for the notion. The possibility of inventing such a logical system is analyzed. A supersymmetrical candidate logic of negative-positive energy dynamic equilibrium is introduced and assessed against the …

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Regularization Methods For Predicting An Ordinal Response Using Longitudinal High-Dimensional Genomic Data, Jiayi Hou Nov 2013

Regularization Methods For Predicting An Ordinal Response Using Longitudinal High-Dimensional Genomic Data, Jiayi Hou

Theses and Dissertations

Ordinal scales are commonly used to measure health status and disease related outcomes in hospital settings as well as in translational medical research. Notable examples include cancer staging, which is a five-category ordinal scale indicating tumor size, node involvement, and likelihood of metastasizing. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which gives a reliable and objective assessment of conscious status of a patient, is an ordinal scaled measure. In addition, repeated measurements are common in clinical practice for tracking and monitoring the progression of complex diseases. Classical ordinal modeling methods based on the likelihood approach have contributed to the analysis of data in …

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Statistical Models For Predicting College Success, Yelen Nunez Nov 2013

Statistical Models For Predicting College Success, Yelen Nunez

Yelen Nunez

Colleges base their admission decisions on a number of factors to determine which applicants have the potential to succeed. This study utilized data for students that graduated from Florida International University between 2006 and 2012. Two models were developed (one using SAT as the principal explanatory variable and the other using ACT as the principal explanatory variable) to predict college success, measured using the student’s college grade point average at graduation. Some of the other factors that were used to make these predictions were high school performance, socioeconomic status, major, gender, and ethnicity. The model using ACT had a higher …

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Review And Extension For The O’Brien Fleming Multiple Testing Procedure, Hanan Hammouri Nov 2013

Review And Extension For The O’Brien Fleming Multiple Testing Procedure, Hanan Hammouri

Theses and Dissertations

O'Brien and Fleming (1979) proposed a straightforward and useful multiple testing procedure (group sequential testing procedure) for comparing two treatments in clinical trials where subject responses are dichotomous (e.g. success and failure). O'Brien and Fleming stated that their group sequential testing procedure has the same Type I error rate and power as that of a fixed one-stage chi-square test, but gives the opportunity to terminate the trial early when one treatment is clearly performing better than the other. We studied and tested the O'Brien and Fleming procedure specifically by correcting the originally proposed critical values. Furthermore, we updated the O’Brien …

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Response Adaptive Design Using Auxiliary And Primary Outcomes, Shuxian Sinks Nov 2013

Response Adaptive Design Using Auxiliary And Primary Outcomes, Shuxian Sinks

Theses and Dissertations

Response adaptive designs intend to allocate more patients to better treatments without undermining the validity and the integrity of the trial. The immediacy of the primary response (e.g. deaths, remission) determines the efficiency of the response adaptive design, which often requires outcomes to be quickly or immediately observed. This presents difficulties for survival studies, which may require long durations to observe the primary endpoint. Therefore, we introduce auxiliary endpoints to assist the adaptation with the primary endpoint, where an auxiliary endpoint is generally defined as any measurement that is positively associated with the primary endpoint. Our proposed design (referred to …

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Polynomially Adjusted Saddlepoint Density Approximations, Susan Zhe Sheng Nov 2013

Polynomially Adjusted Saddlepoint Density Approximations, Susan Zhe Sheng

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis aims at obtaining improved bona fide density estimates and approximants by means of adjustments applied to the widely used saddlepoint approximation. Said adjustments are determined by solving systems of equations resulting from a moment-matching argument. A hybrid density approximant that relies on the accuracy of the saddlepoint approximation in the distributional tails is introduced as well. A certain representation of noncentral indefinite quadratic forms leads to an initial approximation whose parameters are evaluated by simultaneously solving four equations involving the cumulants of the target distribution. A saddlepoint approximation to the distribution of quadratic forms is also discussed. By …

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Characterizing Expected Benefits Of Biomarkers In Treatment Selection, Ying Huang, Eric Laber, Holly Janes Nov 2013

Characterizing Expected Benefits Of Biomarkers In Treatment Selection, Ying Huang, Eric Laber, Holly Janes

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Biomarkers associated with the treatment response heterogeneity hold potential for treatment selection. In practice, the decision regarding whether to adopt a treatment selection marker depends on the effect of treatment selection on the rate of targeted disease as well as additional cost associated with the treatment. We propose an expected benefit measure that incorporates both aspects to quantify a biomarker's treatment selection capacity. This measure extends an existing decision-theoretic framework, to account for the fact that optimal treatment absent marker information varies with the cost of treatment. In addition, we establish upper and lower bounds for the performance of a …

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A General Instrumental Variable Framework For Regression Analysis With Outcome Missing Not At Random, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, Kathleen Wirth Nov 2013

A General Instrumental Variable Framework For Regression Analysis With Outcome Missing Not At Random, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, Kathleen Wirth

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

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Alternative Identification And Inference For The Effect Of Treatment On The Treated With An Instrumental Variable, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, Stijn Vansteelandt Nov 2013

Alternative Identification And Inference For The Effect Of Treatment On The Treated With An Instrumental Variable, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, Stijn Vansteelandt

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

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Identification And Estimation Of Survivor Average Causal Effects, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen Nov 2013

Identification And Estimation Of Survivor Average Causal Effects, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

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Statistical Models For Predicting College Success, Yelen Nunez Nov 2013

Statistical Models For Predicting College Success, Yelen Nunez

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Colleges base their admission decisions on a number of factors to determine which applicants have the potential to succeed. This study utilized data for students that graduated from Florida International University between 2006 and 2012. Two models were developed (one using SAT as the principal explanatory variable and the other using ACT as the principal explanatory variable) to predict college success, measured using the student’s college grade point average at graduation. Some of the other factors that were used to make these predictions were high school performance, socioeconomic status, major, gender, and ethnicity. The model using ACT had a higher …

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Practical Guidelines For The Comprehensive Analysis Of Chip-Seq Data, Timonthy Bailey, Pawel Krajewski, Istvan Ladunga, Celine Lefebvre, Qunhua Li, Tao Liu, Pedro Madrigal, Cenny Taslim, Jie Zhang Nov 2013

Practical Guidelines For The Comprehensive Analysis Of Chip-Seq Data, Timonthy Bailey, Pawel Krajewski, Istvan Ladunga, Celine Lefebvre, Qunhua Li, Tao Liu, Pedro Madrigal, Cenny Taslim, Jie Zhang

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

Mapping the chromosomal locations of transcription factors, nucleosomes, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling enzymes, chaperones, and polymerases is one of the key tasks of modern biology, as evidenced by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project. To this end, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the standard methodology. Mapping such protein-DNA interactions in vivo using ChIP-seq presents multiple challenges not only in sample preparation and sequencing but also for computational analysis. Here, we present step-by-step guidelines for the computational analysis of ChIP-seq data. We address all the major steps in the analysis of ChIP-seq data: sequencing depth selection, quality …

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Network Construction And Graph Theoretical Analysis Of Functional Language Networks In Pediatric Epilepsy, Anas Salah Eddin Nov 2013

Network Construction And Graph Theoretical Analysis Of Functional Language Networks In Pediatric Epilepsy, Anas Salah Eddin

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation introduces a new approach for assessing the effects of pediatric epilepsy on the language connectome. Two novel data-driven network construction approaches are presented. These methods rely on connecting different brain regions using either extent or intensity of language related activations as identified by independent component analysis of fMRI data. An auditory description decision task (ADDT) paradigm was used to activate the language network for 29 patients and 30 controls recruited from three major pediatric hospitals. Empirical evaluations illustrated that pediatric epilepsy can cause, or is associated with, a network efficiency reduction. Patients showed a propensity to inefficiently employ …

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On The Causal Interpretation Of Race In Regressions Adjusting For Confounding And Mediating Variables, Tyler J. Vanderweele, Whitney Robinson Nov 2013

On The Causal Interpretation Of Race In Regressions Adjusting For Confounding And Mediating Variables, Tyler J. Vanderweele, Whitney Robinson

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We consider different possible interpretations of the “effect of race” when regressions are run with race as an exposure variable, controlling also for various confounding and mediating variables. When adjustment is made for socioeconomic status early in a person's life, we discuss under what contexts the regression coefficients for race can be interpreted as corresponding to the extent to which a racial disparity would remain if various socioeconomic distributions early in life across racial groups could be equalized. When adjustment is also made for adult socioeconomic status, we note how the overall disparity can be decomposed into the portion that …

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A Unification Of Mediation And Interaction, Tyler J. Vanderweele Nov 2013

A Unification Of Mediation And Interaction, Tyler J. Vanderweele

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We show that the overall effect of an exposure on an outcome, in the presence of a mediator with which the exposure may interact, can be decomposed into four components: (i) the effect of the exposure in the absence of the mediator, (ii) the interactive effect when the mediator is left to what is would be in the absence of exposure, (iii) a mediated interaction and (iv) a pure mediated effect. These four components respectively correspond to the portion of the effect that is due to neither mediation nor interaction, to just interaction (but not mediation), to both mediation and …

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Create A Simple Predictive Analytics Classification Model In Java With Weka, James Howard Nov 2013

Create A Simple Predictive Analytics Classification Model In Java With Weka, James Howard

James Howard

Get an overview of the Weka classification engine and learn how to create a simple classifier for programmatic use. Understand how to store and load models, manipulate them, and use them to evaluate data. Consider applications and implementation strategies suitable for the enterprise environment so you turn a collection of training data into a functioning model for real- time prediction.

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Molecular Detection Of Culture-Confirmed Bacterial Bloodstream Infections With Limited Enrichment Time, Miranda S. Moore, Chase D. Mccann, Jeanne Jordan Nov 2013

Molecular Detection Of Culture-Confirmed Bacterial Bloodstream Infections With Limited Enrichment Time, Miranda S. Moore, Chase D. Mccann, Jeanne Jordan

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Conventional blood culturing using automated instrumentation with phenotypic identification requires a significant amount of time to generate results. This study investigated the speed and accuracy of results generated using PCR and pyrosequencing compared to the time required to obtain Gram stain results and final culture identification for cases of culture-confirmed bloodstream infections. Research and physician-ordered blood cultures were drawn concurrently. Aliquots of the incubating research blood culture fluid were removed hourly between 5 and 8 h, at 24 h, and again at 5 days. DNA was extracted from these 6 time point aliquots and analyzed by PCR and pyrosequencing for …

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Approximate Techniques In Solving Optimal Camera Placement Problems, Jian Zhao, Ruriko Yoshida, Sen-Ching Samson Cheung, David Haws Nov 2013

Approximate Techniques In Solving Optimal Camera Placement Problems, Jian Zhao, Ruriko Yoshida, Sen-Ching Samson Cheung, David Haws

Statistics Faculty Publications

While the theoretical foundation of the optimal camera placement problem has been studied for decades, its practical implementation has recently attracted significant research interest due to the increasing popularity of visual sensor networks. The most flexible formulation of finding the optimal camera placement is based on a binary integer programming (BIP) problem. Despite the flexibility, most of the resulting BIP problems are NP-hard and any such formulations of reasonable size are not amenable to exact solutions. There exists a myriad of approximate algorithms for BIP problems, but their applications, efficiency, and scalability in solving camera placement are poorly understood. Thus, …

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Preliminary Testing For Normality: Is This A Good Practice?, H. J. Keselman, Abdul R. Othman, Rand R. Wilcox Nov 2013

Preliminary Testing For Normality: Is This A Good Practice?, H. J. Keselman, Abdul R. Othman, Rand R. Wilcox

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Normality is a distributional requirement of classical test statistics. In order for the test statistic to provide valid results leading to sound and reliable conclusions this requirement must be satisfied. In the not too distant past, it was claimed that violations of normality would not likely jeopardize scientific findings (See Hsu & Feldt, 1969; Lunney, 1970). Recent revelations suggest otherwise (See e.g., Micceri, 1989; Keselman, Huberty, Lix et al., 1998; Erceg-Hurn, Wilcox, & Keselman, 2013; Wilcox and Keselman, 2003; Wilcox, 2012a, b). Unfortunately the data obtained in psychological investigations rarely, if ever, meet the requirement of normally distributed data (Micceri, …

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Front Matter, Jmasm Editors Nov 2013

Front Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

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The Impact Of Continuity Violation On Anova And Alternative Methods, Björn Lantz Nov 2013

The Impact Of Continuity Violation On Anova And Alternative Methods, Björn Lantz

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The normality assumption behind ANOVA and other parametric methods implies that response variables are measured on continuous scales. A simulation approach is used to explore the impact of continuity violation on the performance of statistical methods commonly used by applied researchers to compare locations across several groups.

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