Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Advancements In Characterization Of Ancient Potteries From Southeast Asia: A Review Of Analytical Techniques, Chitnarong Sirisathitkul

Makara Journal of Science

Ancient potteries offer valuable information regarding technological advancements, life dynamics, cultural diversity, and trade routes in the past. Earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain from Southeast Asia have been characterized using several analytical techniques, as reviewed in this article. Fluorescent and diffracted X-rays give rise to elemental and phase compositions, respectively. Examination of molecular bonds requires vibrational spectroscopy, which is useful for the identification of organic materials in ancient potteries. With the advent of portable X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectrometry, on-site analysis of archeological ceramics is now possible. For in-depth analysis, synchrotron light sources can provide new insights into artifacts through X-ray …

Synthesis, Structural And Thermal Studies Of Dl-Alanine Potassium Di- Chromate Single Crystals, Sundararaj Lincy Mary Ponmani, Soundararajan Gnanakkan Pushpalatha Gracelin, Somasundaram Selvakumar, Subbaiah Chelladurai Vella Durai

Makara Journal of Science

Amino acids and their complexes are organic or semiorganic materials that have attracted considerable attention because they can be easily used in optical storage devices. DL-alanine is one of the rare amino acids that crystallizes in anoncentrosymmetric group. This article demonstrates how DL-alanine potassium dichromate (DAPC) single crystals have shown sufficient growth. DAPC crystals were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. Using thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry, this work also examined the melting point, thermal stability, decomposition point, and other thermal parameters of the DAPC crystals. Results show that the decomposition point …

High Energy Approximation For Monte Carlo Event Generator, A. N. Ismailova, Yu. L. Parfenova, P. G. Sharov, D. M. Janseitov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

Analysis of the nuclear physics experiment often requires Monte Carlo simulation of the detector setup. Such kind of simulations often requires a quite advanced model of nuclear interaction. In this work we describe application of Monte Carlo simulation in the nuclear physic experiment, and discuss on example of elastic scattering how to apply well known High Energy Approximation (or Glauber model) to Monte Carlo simulation of the experimental setup.

Determination Of Phase Boundaries And Diffusion Coefficients Of Copper In Spinel Cucr2se4 And Delafossite Cucrse2 By Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (Gitt), A. O. Onishenko, E. A. Suslov, M. S. Postnikov, A. S. Shkvarin, A. N. Titov, A. I. Merentsov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

Cux CrSe2 materials can exist in the form of delafossite with a layered structure and exhibit multiferroic properties, or in the form of spinel and exhibit ferromagnetic properties, depending on the copper concentration. The stability of both forms of Cux CrSe2 has been studied with regards to defectivity in the copper sublattice. The boundaries of the Cux CrSe2 homogeneity regions for the delafossite- like structure and for the cubic spinel CuCr2Se4 were determined by coulometric titration at room temperature. Analysis of the time dependence of cell polarization allowed us to estimate the diffusion coefficients in these materials

Concentration Polarization And Ionic Conductivity Of Nanocomposite Thermoelectric Materials K0.01cu1.94s, K0.02cu1.94s, K0.03cu1.94s, M. M. Kubenova, M. Kh. Balapanov, K. A. Kuterbekov, B. Akhmetgaliev, R. Kh. Ishembetov, R. F. Almukhametov, M. Zeleev, A. M. Kabyshev, K. Zh. Bekmyrza, R. Alina, R. E. Kondakirov, M. K. Kenzhebek

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The paper presents experimental results of concentration polarization and ionic conductivity of nanocom- posite thermoelectric materials K0.01Cu1.94S , K0.02Cu1.94S , K0.03Cu1.94S . According to X-ray phase analysis, the synthesized samples are monoclinic jarleite Cu1.93÷1.97S with an admixture of oxygen ox- ide Cu2S and monoclinic chalcocyte. High values of total ionic conductivity are observed, ranging from 0.86 to 1.5 Cm/cm. The lowest ionic conductivity (0.86 Cm/cm at 355 ◦ C) is observed for alloy K0.02Cu1.94S . In addition, it was found that with an increase in the concentration of potassium in the studied materials, ionic conductivity tends to decrease, activation energy …

Study Of The Effect Of Combined Reinforcement And Modification Of Epoxy Resin With Rubbers On The Impact Strength Of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic, M. N. Meiirbekov, M. B. Ismailov, A. K. Kenzhegulov, L. M. Mustafa, I. B. Tashmukhanbetova

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The effect of modified epoxy resin with polyurethane, silicone, and butadiene rubber and combined reinforcement with fiberglass and Kevlar on the strength properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic was studied. It was found that when rubber is introduced into the composition of the epoxy resin, polyurethane, and combined reinforcement according to the carbon fiber/Kevlar scheme in a ratio of 10:10 leads to an increase in impact strength by 42% to 273 kJ/m2 and compressive strength increases by 35% to 575 MPa

Luminescence And Creation Of Electron-Hole Trapping Centers In Alkali Metal Sulfates Activated By Pb2+ Impurity, T. N. Nurakhmetov, R. K. Shamieva, Zh. M. Salikhodzha, N. I. Temirkulova, T. T. Alibay, B. M. Sadykova, B. N. Yussupbekova, A. A. Kabdulkak

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The nature of the impurity emission and the process of creating intrinsic and impurity electron-hole trapping centers were studied by spectroscopic and thermal activation methods in Na2SO4 - Pb and K2SO4 - Pb phosphors. The combined radiative electronic state is formed from intrinsic SO3− 4 - SO− 4 and impurity Pb+ - SO− 4 electron-hole trapping centers in UV-irradiated phosphors with a photon en- ergy of 6.2 eV at 80 K. Emissions of 3.2 eV and 3.6 eV resulting from irradiation with photons with an energy of 6.2 eV are associated with intracenter transitions of 3p1 - 1s0 in Pb2+ …

Strengthen Establishment Of Application-Supported Major Science And Technology Infrastructure To Enhance Basic Capacity Of Science And Technology For High-Quality Development, Congli Huang, Feite Zhou, Xiang Xu, Lingling Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

From “Two Bombs and One Satellite” to Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), from ground zero to the center stage of the world, China has unswervingly followed the path of independent innovation with distinctive characteristics. After the development of nearly half a century, breakthroughs have been made in several key areas. The position, implication, and classification of major scientific and technological infrastructures are constantly changing under the new situation. Based on an in-depth investigation of major scientific and technological infrastructure such as high-efficiency and low-carbon gas turbine research facility, it is believed that the construction of application-supported major scientific and …

Investigations Of The Eutectic Formation And Skin Rejuvenation By Hyaluronan - Kojic Acid Dipalmitate System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Sumbal Imran, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Nadia Bashir

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Eutectic phenomenon has been investigated in binary system based on biopolymer hyaluronan (HN) and kojic acid dipalmitate (KAD). Solid-liquid phase diagram showed a significant dependence of melting points on weight fraction of KAD up to KAD < 0.5. A negligible regain to melting temperature of pure KAD occurred later. Simulations of molecular mechanics using a four-unit segment of HN and KAD revealed the interaction between carbonyl of KAD with 4-OH on N-acetylglucosamine unit of oligomer. Infrared vibrational spectroscopy also endorsed the existence of a weakly interacting system. Such behavior was expected due to steric hinderance and rigidity of biopolymer. The thermal decomposition temperature of HN (i.e., 215 °C) was increased to 322 °C in HK50 having HN and KAD in 1:50 w/w. Bioelectric impedance analysis revealed that these green materials could promote skin health in humans.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Renewable Heterogeneous Catalyst Zno Supported Biogenic Silica From Pineapple Leaves Ash For Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion, Nadila Pratiwi, Suriati Eka Putri, Yulia Shinta, Arya Ibnu Batara, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Abd Rahman, Nur Ahmad, Heryanto Heryanto

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study reports on the first case of the low-cost and environmentally friendly ZnO/SiO2 heterogeneous catalyst from pineapple leaves ash (PLA). Catalyst shows excellent performance in catalyzing the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol for biodiesel conversion. This study focuses on assessing the influence of Zn content on physicochemical characteristics, using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption methods. In addition, three different Zn content levels (20, 25, and 30 %wt) were applied. The results showed that all ZnO/SiO2 samples exhibited characteristics suitable for use as catalyst with an average crystallite size of 31.83-34.15 nm, and a surface area …

Reheating Constraints To Palatini Coleman-Weinberg Inflation, Nilay Bostan

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this work, we examine the reheating constraints to symmetry-breaking mechanism, which is associated with Coleman-Weinberg inflation in the early universe. We consider the Coleman-Weinberg inflation potential, where the inflaton has a v ̸= 0 after inflation. Setting Treh = 105 GeV, we first show wreh dependency on ns , r , and N∗ for AV case. Then, we demonstrate the results of ns , r , N∗ , α = dns/d ln k for different reheating temperatures and compare the results with the latest BICEP/Keck data. We also present that ns −r and ns −N∗ planes and the effect …

Low Fine-Tuning With Heavy Higgsinos In Yukawa Unified Susy Guts, Cem Salih Ün

Turkish Journal of Physics

The work presented considers a class of minimally constructed Yukawa unified SUSY GUTs - NUHM2 - and explores their implications when their soft supersymmetry breaking Lagrangian is generalized by the nonholomorphic terms which provide extra contributions to the Higgsino mass and couple the supersymmetric scalar fields to the wrong Higgs doublets. With such a simple extension, it can be found several regions with interesting implications which cannot be realized in the usual restricted models. It is observed that the Yukawa unification solutions can be compatible with a relatively light mass spectrum and acceptable low fine-tuning measurements. In the restricted models …

Comparative Study Between Virgin And Agriculture Soil Radon Activity Concentration And Their Radiological Risks, Hiwa Hamad Azeez Dr., Jahfer Majeed Smail Dr., Hemn Muhammad Salh Dr., Habeeb Hanna Mansour Dr., Saddon Taha Ahmad Prof. Dr., Hawbash H. Hamadamin Karim Dr.

Polytechnic Journal

The present study is to compare the radon activity concentration in agricultural and virgin soils from various locations along the Little Zab River (LZR) in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. We conducted 24 measurements of soil samples using long tube techniques equipped with an electric radon detector called RAD7 in our research. The findings revealed that the radon activity concentrations ranged from 37.3 ± 7.52 Bq m-3 to 298.25 ± 50.09 Bq m-3 in virgin soil, and from 33.03 ± 10.85 Bq m-3 to 320.25 ± 34.62 Bq.m-3 in agriculture soil. The annual effective dose was also calculated to be from …

Butterworth Filter To Reduce Reactivity Fluctuations, Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Geraldyne Ule-Duque, Luis E. Cardoso-Páez

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, we introduce the calculation of reactivity in nuclear reactors. The proposed method uses the Euler-Maclaurin series to approximate the integral in the inverse equation of point kinetics. The approximation is done with the first three terms, the first term represents the approximation of a zero-order sum, the second term the trapezoidal rule and the third term the first Bernoulli number. These three terms improve the approximation, along with an estimate of the neutron density using the prompt jump approximation. To reduce neutron density fluctuations, a second-order Butterworth filter for the reactivity calculation was implemented, which offers the …

Machine Learning Model And Molecular Docking For Screening Medicinal Plants As Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Muthia Rahayu Iresha, Firdayani Firdayani, Agam Wira Sani, Nihayatul Karimah, Shelvi Listiana, Irfansyah Yudhi Tanasa, Arief Sartono, Ayu Masyita

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) plays a significant role in viral replication and is one of the targets for anti-HIV. However, a mutation in viral strains rapidly developed the resistance of the com-pounds to the protein, reducing the effectiveness of the inhibitors. This work seeks to utilize machine learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis in combination with molecular docking simulations to forecast the presence of active compounds derived from medicinal plants. Specifically, the objective is to identify com-pounds that have the potential to operate as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), encompassing both wild-type and …

Multi-Agent System For Portfolio Profit Optimization For Future Stock Trading, Usha Devi, Mohan R

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Stock trading highly contributes to the economic growth of the country. The stock trading objective is to earn profits with buy/sell/hold decisions on the set of stocks in the portfolio. The portfolio optimization problem is finding the decision sequence that leads to higher profit and lower risk. Portfolio optimization is challenging due to complex price history patterns and an uncertain environment. Incorrect decisions in stock trading lead to massive losses. The proposed Multi-Agent System for Portfolio Profit Optimization (MASPPO) aims to optimize trading profit and reduce risk with accurate predictions. The proposed model integrates the Fuzzy c-means with the Deep …

From Norms Taker To Norms Breaker: A Comparative Study Of Turkey’S Nuclear Discourses Before And After The Ostensible Coup Of 2016, Sarah Tzinieris, Zenobia S. Homan, Cem Boke, Amna Javed

International Journal of Nuclear Security

This article offers an analysis of public statements made by Turkish government leaders, contrasting official attitudes on nuclear nonproliferation before and after the alleged military coup attempt in 2016. Significant developments in this period include deteriorating democracy and the rule of law in Turkey and the emergence of destabilizing foreign policy differences between Turkey and Western states. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan also sought to consolidate domestic power and play a more assertive security role in the Middle East. This analysis of official statements reveals a distinct shift in Turkey’s nonproliferation rhetoric after the 2016 coup. In particular, Turkish government ministers …

Radon Plate-Out And The Effects Of Airflow And Electric Charge For Dark Matter Experiments, Faith Fang

SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) is an international collaboration designed to search for and detect dark matter particles, which make up ~85% of the matter in the universe. The plate-out, or deposition of naturally occurring radioactive decay byproducts onto surfaces, can create backgrounds that interfere with dark matter detection experiments. In the first series of these experiments, we analyze the amount of radon progeny, 214Pb and 214Bi, that plate-out on polycarbonate samples while controlling factors such as electric charge and airflow. These samples are exposed to radon-spiked nitrogen gas in a polycarbonate wind tunnel to simulate plate-out conditions in …

Genome-Wide Profiling Of Novel Conserved Zea Mays Micrornas Along With Their Key Biological, Molecular And Cellular Targets And Validation Using An Rt-Pcr Platform, Abdul Baqi, Sami Ullah, Muhammad Ayub, Muhammad Zafar Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Asad Ullah

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are typically non-coding RNAs that start off as endogenous molecules and regulate post-transcriptional levels of gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational repression. They are 18–26 nucleotides long, evolutionarily conserved and essential for predicting novel miRNAs in a variety of plants. Maize (Zea mays) is a significant food and forage crop in the globe today. In the present study, many maize miRNAs have been found to be associated with both plant development and responses to stress. In this study, 66 unique conserved maize miRNAs from 65 different miRNA families were predicted using several genomics-based methods …

The Role Of Cu (0-0.03) And Zn (0.02) Substitution On The Structural, Optical And Magnetic Properties Of Mgo Nanoparticles, S. Naseem Shah, Atif Dawar, Yasmeen Bibi, Abid Ali, M. Asif Siddiqui

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The co-precipitation method was employed to prepared Cu (0-0.03) and Zn (0.02) dual doped MgO nanoparticles. The secondary phases of CuO and Cu₂O were observed along with the cubical phase of MgO. The doping induced effect was noticed for the crystallite size variations (14.39-19.89 nm). The morphological transformation from spherical to rice-like shape were observed. The estimated values of optical bandgap (4.66-4.45 eV) were well correlated with the crystallite size and dopant concentrations. The ferromagnetic ordering was observed at room temperature and the enchantment in the coercivity (142.27 Oe) with Zn (0.02) doping was noticed. Such type of …

Treatment Of Oil Refinery Wastewater Polluted By Heavy Metal Ions Via Adsorption Technique Using Non-Valuable Media: Cadmium Ions And Buckthorn Leaves As A Study Case, Salem Jawad Alhamd, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Mehrdad Manteghian, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Karar Dawood Salman Jarmondi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study focuses on the removal of cadmium ions generated by oil refinery wastewater, employing an agricultural by-product. Buckthorn leaves, sourced from Baghdad and Diyala provinces, underwent preparation, including washing, drying, crushing, and sieving before being utilized in experiments. Batch experiments were conducted using simulated solutions to assess the impact of six key adsorption design parameters: pH, cadmium concentration, agitation speed, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The highest adsorption efficiency, reaching 94.4367%, was directly correlated with contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH value, and agitation speed, and inversely related to other variables. Morphological studies on the treated adsorbent, indicated structural …

Synchronicity: An Analysis Of Einstein's Halfway Rule, Preslava Nikolova

Rushton Journal of Undergraduate Humanities Research

For the modern world to function, Global Positioning System satellites must synchronize to clocks on Earth. This paper examines a concept that underlies GPS systems, namely Albert Einstein’s halfway rule—the idea that a line of simultaneity exists between two events in different systems. This essay discusses how Einstein used conventionalist methods to establish ½ as a constant value for σ to take advantage of the property of symmetry.

Cover And Content

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Lithography-Free Highly Sensitive Detection Of Glucose Based On Colloidal Spheres, Habibe Durmaz

Turkish Journal of Physics

Diabetes has emerged as a global health crisis, with a substantial increase in prevalence and associated healthcare costs. The urgency for early diagnosis to prevent complications has fueled research into advanced biosensing technologies. Plasmonic sensors, leveraging localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), have gained prominence for their sensitivity. This study explores a metamaterial-based sensor platform comprising nanospheres fabricated through colloidal lithography. A comprehensive numerical and experimental analysis of the designed metamaterial-based perfect absorber is presented, focusing on the spectral response at the resonance frequency of 525 nm. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations reveal the field and charge distributions, enabling a systematic exploration …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Combined Risk Based Inspection And Fault Tree Analysis For Repetitive 3-Phase Line Piping Leakage At West Java Offshore Topside Facility, Dona Yuliati, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Datu Rizal Asral, Donanta Dhaneswara

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Hydrocarbon releases might result in serious consequences in various aspects. In addition to the contribution to environmental pollution, repetitive leakages need high repair costs. This study aim is to minimize potential repetitive leakage for other typical 3-phase piping systems. We conducted the risk assessment by adopting Risk Based Inspection (RBI) API 581 to identify risk level, calculating piping lifetime, recommended inspection plan and mitigations. The most relevant root causes can be obtained through quantitative Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Observation and investigation was taken from eight 3-phase piping systems that experienced repetitive leakages. It has been found that the risk level …

Nitrogen Gas Quenching Pressure Effect On Bs S155 Alloy Steel In Vacuum Furnace, Agus Mulyadi Hasanudin, Eddy Sumarno Siradj

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The production of metal and alloy products requires the use of heat treatment, when during the heat treatment process, quenching is a crucial step. The quenching medium can be anything from water, a salt bath, oil, air and gas. In a vacuum furnace, pressurized gas, most frequently nitrogen (N₂) gas, serves as one of the quenching mediums. One of the drawbacks of the quenching process is the distortion and dimensional change of the parts. This paper aims to investigate the influence of nitrogen gas quenching pressure on the distortion and dimensional change of aerospace actuator gear planet parts …

Stability Of Non-Centrosymmetric Phases In Tetra-Coordinated Of Ldtm Intercalates, A. S. Shkvarin, M.S. Postnikov, S. V. Pryanichnikov, A. N. Titov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

On the basis of comparison of temperature dependences of lattice parameters of CuCrSe₂ and Cu_0.5ZrSe₂ in the temperature region including transition between phases with centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric distribution of copper on positions tetrahedrally coordinated by selenium. It is concluded that the critical factor that ensures the stability of the non- centrosymmetric copper distribution is the covalent interaction between copper and selenium sublattices. This effect is not related to the anisotropy of the elastic constants of the lattice and can be observed in other layered structures with copper tetrahedrally coordinated by chalcogen.

Production Of Zno Thin Films Used In Solar Cell With A Sol-Gel Homemade Dip Coater Technique And Investigated Of Their Structural, Morphological And Optical Properties, Z. Gã¼Ltekin, C. Akay, N. A. Gã¼Ltekin, M. Alper

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

We designed a homemade dip coater controlled by an Arduino microcontroller to produce semiconductor metal oxide films such as ZnO, CoO, and NiO. The developed device was successfully used to deposit ZnO film on a glass substrate. The structural, surface, and optical properties of the film were investigated. XRD patterns showed that the film is predominantly a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the ZnO film was uniformly and homogeneously coated on the glass substrate. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Zn and O in the film structure. Optical characterization by UV-visible spectrometry showed that …

Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Of Homooligonucleotides, T. Sharipov, R. Garafutdinov, A. Mishra, S. Santer, R. Shaikhitdinov, M. Balapanov, R. Bakhtizin

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

Short single-stranded DNA molecules of two types, consisting of dC nucleotides only or dA nucleotides only, were immobilized onto the surface of mica and silver substrates and studied by scanning probe microscopy methods. Geometric dimensions of the studied objects were determined. The currentvoltage curves of d(A)12 and d(C)12 oligonucleotides were measured. Their differential electrical resistances were estimated and compared with each other.