Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Genetic Signatures For Helicobacter Pylori Strains Of West African Origin, Kennady K. Bullock, Carrie L. Shaffer, Andrew W. Brooks, Ousman Secka, Mark H. Forsyth, Mark S. Mcclain, Timothy L. Cover

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Helicobacter pylori is a genetically diverse bacterial species that colonizes the stomach in about half of the human population. Most persons colonized by H. pylori remain asymptomatic, but the presence of this organism is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Multiple populations and subpopulations of H. pylori with distinct geographic distributions are recognized. Genetic differences among these populations might be a factor underlying geographic variation in gastric cancer incidence. Relatively little is known about the genomic features of African H. pylori strains compared to other populations of strains. In this study, we first analyzed the genomes of …

Grace Peterson Research Colloquium, Emma Pfeiffer

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Mental illness is commonly under-diagnosed, misdiagnosed, or untreated, particularly in the elderly population. An expected population increase for those 65 years and older, increased in health care expenses coupled with the moral and ethical obligation of health care providers to promote quality of life at all ages makes investigation to alternative treatments in this population is worth investigating. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize existing studies to clarify the following questions: What are the effects of pet therapy on those experiencing signs and symptoms of depression and anxiety? Why is pet therapy still lagging in validated studies, …

Effectiveness Of Composting As A Biosecure Disposal Method For Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv)-Infected Pig Carcasses, Sarah Vitosh-Sillman, John Dustin Loy, Bruce Brodersen, Clayton Kelling, Kent M. Eskridge, Amy Millmier Schmidt

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric disease of swine that has emerged as a worldwide threat to swine herd health and production. Substantial research has been conducted to assess viability of the virus on surfaces of vehicles and equipment, in feed and water, and on production building surfaces, but little is known about the persistence in PEDV-infected carcasses and effective disposal methods thereof. This study was conducted to quantify the persistence of PEDV RNA via quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at various time-temperature combinations and in infected piglet carcasses subjected to composting. Although this method …

Differential Roles For Inner Membrane Complex Proteins Across Toxoplasma Gondii And Sarcocystis Neurona Development, Rashmi Dubey, Brooke Harrison, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Giulia Bandini, Katherine Cheng, Aziz Kosber, Carolina Agop-Nersesian, Daniel K. Howe, John Samuelson, David J. P. Ferguson, Marc-Jan Gubbels

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

The inner membrane complex (IMC) of apicomplexan parasites contains a network of intermediate filament-like proteins. The 14 alveolin domain-containing IMC proteins in Toxoplasma gondii fall into different groups defined by their distinct spatiotemporal dynamics during the internal budding process of tachyzoites. Here, we analyzed representatives of different IMC protein groups across all stages of the Toxoplasma life cycle and during Sarcocystis neurona asexual development. We found that across asexually dividing Toxoplasma stages, IMC7 is present exclusively in the mother’s cytoskeleton, whereas IMC1 and IMC3 are both present in mother and daughter cytoskeletons (IMC3 is strongly enriched in daughter buds). In …

Symptoms And Causes Of Foamy Bloat In Cattle, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The bovine stomach normally produces gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane. However when these gases become trapped in the bovine stomach because of a thick, frothy or foamy liquid it is called bloat. Cattle bloat is a very old condition and goes by many names but is primarily trapped gas within the bovine stomach. Readily digested feedstuff such as highly processed grain diets or an overabundance of fresh immature alfalfa often leads to a vast amount of small particles and carbohydrates in the rumen; this is the major cause of foamy bloat. Severe bloat causes death by suffocation …

Equine Arteritis Virus Elicits A Mucosal Antibody Response In The Reproductive Tract Of Persistently Infected Stallions, Mariano Carossino, Bettina Wagner, Alan T. Loynachan, R. Frank Cook, Igor F. Canisso, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Casey L. Edwards, Bora Nam, John F. Timoney, Peter J. Timoney, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the ability to establish persistent infection in the reproductive tract of the stallion (carrier) and is continuously shed in its semen. We have recently demonstrated that EAV persists within stromal cells and a subset of lymphocytes in the stallion accessory sex glands in the presence of a significant local inflammatory response. In the present study, we demonstrated that EAV elicits a mucosal antibody response in the reproductive tract during persistent infection with homing of plasma cells into accessory sex glands. The EAV-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in seminal plasma included IgA, IgG1, IgG3/5, and IgG4/7. Interestingly, seminal …

Medication Migration: The Charles Town Naproxen Experience And Why It Matters To All Racing Jurisdictions, Clara Fenger, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rehabilitation Of An Injured Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos): A Case Study, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Habitat destruction and anthropogenic activities cause wild birds to migrate towards urban areas in search of food and sometimes nesting in high-roof buildings, where they are caught by local people using different techniques and are further used for hunting or recreational purposes. An injured Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was found entangled in bushes near the vicinity of Balkasar Research Complex, Chakwal, Pakistan. After complete physical examination, a wound on the right wing and closed leg fracture was diagnosed. The successful treatment was done by anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial drugs with careful monitoring. Splint was adjusted after aligning the fractured …

Cross-Reactive Immunity To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus And Its Contribution To Protection, Ignacio Correas

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Due to the vast geographical distribution and significant economic losses generated, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be considered the most important swine pathogen of contemporary times. Current control and eradication strategies against PRRSV have difficulty succeeding because of their complex nature and the absence of an effective vaccine. A major obstacle for PRRSV vaccine development is the broad heterogeneity of the virus, both at the genetic and antigenic level, its rapid evolution, and an incomplete knowledge of the immune responses responsible for clearing the virus from the host. Specifically, how known correlates of protection against PRRSV—neutralizing antibodies …

Genomic Selection And Its Application In Animal Breeding, Fahar Ibtisham, Li Zhang, Mei Xiao, Lilong An, Muhammad Bilal Ramzan, Aamir Nawab, Yi Zhao, Guanghui Li, Yingmei Xu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A significant gap exists between animal production and world’s population demand. Although conventional breeding methods have been effectual for selection of animal populations on many traits of economic importance, with these methods, the accuracy of breeding value always remains questionable. Simulation and experimental results suggest that breeding values can be predicted with high accuracy by genomic selection for young animals without own performance. Genomic selection is a type of marker-assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used so that all quantitative trait loci are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. The possibility to select …

Post-Natal Development Of Some Lymphoid Organs Of West African Dwarf (Wad) Goats: A Histological Perspective, Anietie Francis Udoumoh, Clifford Nwabugwu Abiaezute

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The study evaluated the developmental changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus and spleen of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat using histological techniques. Twenty-seven WAD goats of 1 day, 2 weeks and 1 to 7 months old were used for this study. Results showed that the mesenteric lymph node of the WAD goats had poorly organized cortical and medullary areas at 1 day postnatum, and dense infiltration of lymphocytes in the cortex with a few primary lymphoid follicles at 2 and 3 months. At 1 day old, the thymus exhibited thin cortical parenchyma and extensive medullary areas. The thymic parenchyma …

Identification And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Fecal Samples Of Indigenous And Commercial Pigs, Wandee Sirichokchatchawan, Somboon Tanasupawat, Waree Niyomtham, Nuvee Prapasarakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are currently applied as probiotics due to their benefit to pig performance. This study aimed to identify candidate LAB from pig feces and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility following an international standard recommendation. A total of 204 LAB isolates from 60 fecal samples of 30 antibiotic-free healthy fattening indigenous pigs and 30 antibiotic-free healthy fattening commercial pigs were initially screened for viability in acidic and bile conditions. Thirty-four of the isolates as acid- and bile-tolerant LAB were selected for identification and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. They were characterized and identified by a set of 26 phenotypic tests, …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Serum Antibody Abundance Against Bovine Coronavirus On Bovine Coronavirus Shedding And Risk Of Respiratory Tract Disease In Beef Calves From Birth Through The First Five Weeks In A Feedlot, Aspen M. Workman, Larry A. Kuehn, Tara G. Mcdaneld, Michael L. Clawson, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, John Dustin Loy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the effect of serum antibody abundance against bovine coronavirus (BCV) on BCV shedding and risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef calves from birth through the first 5 weeks in a feedlot.

Animals: 890 natural-service crossbred beef calves from 4 research herds.

Procedures: Serial blood samples for measurement of serum anti-BCV antibody abundance by an ELISA and nasal swab specimens for detection of BCV and other viral and bacterial BRD pathogens by real-time PCR methods were collected from all calves or subsets of calves at predetermined times from birth through the first 5 weeks after feedlot …

Seropositivity Of Brucellosis In Human And Livestock In Tribal-Kurram Agency Of Pakistan Indicates Cross Circulation, Abdul Qadir Khan, Syed Kashif Haleem, Muhammad Shafiq, Nazir Ahmad Khan, Sadeeq Ur Rahman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Brucellosis is an endemic disease in Pakistan, yet an overall systemic surveillance data of the country is missing. This study aims to determine seroprevalence in domestic livestock population and high and low risk-associated humans of tribal Kurram Agency, Pakistan. A total of 567 random animal blood samples (148 cattle, 105 buffaloes, 154 sheep, and 160 goats), 197 human serum samples (n= 83 from low risk population n= 114 from high risk individuals) and ,in order to establish association between abortion and brucellosis, additional 395 animals with maximum of 4 weeks of foetal-birth history with or without abortion were initially screened …

A Rabbit Model For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Expressing E0-E2 Antigens Of Classical Swine Fever Virus, Heng Zhang, Yong-Ke Sun, Xiao-Miao Zhang, Hui Zhang, Gen-Cheng Fan, Yu-Lin Yan, Yu-Ai Yang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study investigated the efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing E0-E2 antigens (rAd-E0-E2) of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and determined its minimum effective dose in rabbits. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Three groups were immunized intramuscularly with rAd-E0-E2 at doses of 107.0, 106.0 and 105.0 IFU, respectively. CSFV C strain was administered to one group and saline to another group (negative control). Fourteen days after immunization, the animals were challenged intramuscularly with CSFV C strain. Stereotypical thermal responses were monitored to assess the protective efficacy of the vaccine. No typical thermal response was observed …

Diagnostic Value Of Echocardiographic Indices And Cardiac Biomarkers In Dogs With Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Hyun-Seok Kim, Sang-Il Suh, Changbaig Hyun

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Because all dogs having heart diseases are not in symptomatic heart failure stage, it is important to determine the stage of heart failure in dogs with heart diseases. Therefore, this study evaluated the diagnostic value of several echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarkers for differentiating dogs with heart disease from healthy dogs and dogs with symptomatic heart failure from dogs with asymptomatic heart failure. The study population consisted of 51 dogs having chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI) with varying degrees of heart failure and 18 healthy control dogs. Several echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarkers were evaluated to achieve the study aims. …

Clinical Evaluation Of Xylazine, Lidocaine And Ketamine Intravenous Infusion To Reduce Isoflurane Requirement In Thai Native Cross-Bred Ponies, Juthamas Leklub, Aree Laikul, Kanittha Phetudomsinsuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Balanced anesthesia in equine could reduce anesthetic-related fatalities. Sedative, anesthetic and analgesic agents currently available in Thailand such as xylazine, ketamine, isoflurane and lidocaine are extensively used in equine practice, but their combination has not been reported. The present study aimed to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and clinical parameters in Thai native cross-bred ponies under general anesthesia. Six Thai native cross-bred ponies were examined by a random crossover method. They were categorized into 4 groups according to the maintenance of anesthesia which were isoflurane group (I), isoflurane and lidocaine group (IL), isoflurane, xylazine and ketamine group …

Subcutaneous Implantation Of The Light-Activated Pit And Fissure Resin-Based Sealant Prototypes Las-Clear And Las-Opaque Resulted In A Mild Transient Tissue Reaction, Pasutha Thunyakitpisal, Nonglax Thunyakitpisal, Dyna Jeanne D. Godoy, Onusa Saravari, Dujreutai Pongkao Kashima, Benchaphorn Limcharoen, Wijit Banlunara

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the light-activated pit and fissure resin-based dental sealant prototypes, LAS-clear and LAS-opaque, after subcutaneous implantation in rats for 7, 30, and 60 days. The commercial light-activated resin-based sealants, Delton-clear (DC), Helioseal clear (HC), Helioseal opaque (HO), and Clinpro Sealant (CL) served as control. Twenty-four 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Two rows of three 5 mm subcutaneous incisions were created on the back of each rat parallel to the midline. The materials were randomly implanted and the incisions were closed using sutures. The implants were left …

Effects Of Dexmedetomidine On Plasma Glucose, Cortisol And Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Concentrations Of Canine Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy, Lin Li, Jing Dong, Xiujing Fen, Bei Li, Yongping Chen, Jicheng Sha, Honggang Fan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

To study the effect of dexmedetomidine on plasma glucose, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in canine undergoing ovariohysterectomy, 24 beagles were divided into 3 groups randomly. Group A was intramuscularly injected with 2 ml of saline 10 min after surgery. Group B was intramuscularly injected with 20 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine 10 min before surgery. Group C was intramuscularly injected with 20 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine 10 min after surgery. Two milliliters of blood was collected at 3 h, on the second day and on the third day after surgery. Plasma glucose, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were measured. The study showed …

Group A Rotavirus And Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Associated With Diarrhea In Dromedary Camels In Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, Ibrahim M. El-Sabagh, Ahmed M. Al-Ali, Abdelmohsen A. Al-Naeem

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Diarrhea in newborn calves as well as in adult dromedary camels is considered the most serious constrains of camel production. It is recorded in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia to be very high, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of certain pathogenic agents. In the present study, group A rotavirus was detected in 5/50 (10%) and 6/50 (12%) diarrheic samples collected from one- to three-month-old camel calves using immune chromatographic and ELISA techniques, respectively. The characteristic wheel-like morphology of rotavirus particles was identified in the positive samples by electron microscopy. Also, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis was detected …

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers And Cardiac Troponin I In Arabian Horses With Strangles, Wael M. El-Deeb, Ahmed M. Elmoslemany

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In order to investigate the levels of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in horses with strangles, fifty horses with strangles and twenty healthy controls were included in this study. Blood and serum samples were tested for levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The levels of cTnI were increased in ten diseased cases while normal cTnI levels were found in the others (n=40). The levels of MDA were increased in the horses with strangles when compared with the healthy ones. The …

Seroprevalence Of Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae In Goats In Hunan Province, China, Ping-Yuan Xu, Yun-Chao Peng, Xu-Xiang Ouyang, Sheng-Guo Tan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Little information is available about the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in goats in China. In the present study, the seroprevalence of M. ovipneumoniae infection in goats was investigated in Hunan province, China between September 2015 and September 2016. A total of 750 serum samples collected from 10 herds in various administrative regions in Hunan province, China were evaluated using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). Antibodies to M. ovipneumoniae were tested in 234 of 750 serum samples (31.2%) (IHA titer≥1:16). The M. ovipneumoniae seroprevalence ranged from 22% to 50% among different regions in Hunan province, and the difference was statistically significant …

Prevalence And Pathology Of Bovine Coccidiosis In Faisalabad District, Pakista, Riaz Hussain, Fazal Mahmood, Ahrar Khan, Khalid Mehmood

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The study aimed to investigate the presence of coccidial oocysts and pathological changes in a dairy herd with the history of coccidial outbreak in Faisalabad District. Fecal samples were collected from 541 animals, including cattle (379) and buffaloes (162), and examined for protozoal infection using flotation techniques. Results revealed 2.9% presence of coccidial oocysts in the samples collected. No significant difference was found in coccidial oocysts count in species of the cattle (2.3%) and buffaloes (4.3%), sex and age group. Necropsy revealed no gross lesions in thoracic organs, however, severe hemorrhages and necrotic ulcers were present in the cecum and …

Granulomatous Myocarditis In A Toco Toucan (Ramphastos Toco Albogularis), Yen-Li Huang, Shinn-Shyong Tsai, Omir Adrian Castaneda, Supochana Charoensin, Duangsuda Thongchan, Hung-Yi Wu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

An uncommon lesion was diagnosed in a 1-year-old female toco toucan (Ramphastos toco albogularis) based on microscopic examinations. Necropsy, histopathology and molecular diagnosis were carried out. At necropsy, possible granulomatous myocarditis was diagnosed in the bird and was confirmed as shown by histopathology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed an unspecific trematode species as the causative agent. Research on parasitic granulomatous myocarditis in toco toucan has been rarely reported. Therefore, it should be considered during differential diagnosis of avian granuloma cases.

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Trends In The Environmental Health Job Market For New Graduates, Jason W. Marion, Timothy J. Murphy Phd, Anne Marie Zimeri Phd

EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship

The question of whether the job market can support future graduates of environmental health programs remains an important and difficult question for environmental health programs, current and prospective students, parents, and other stakeholders. Our previous report using 2014 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics demonstrated anticipated growth and higher than average pay in the profession through at least 2022 for baccalaureate degree holders (Marion & Sinde, 2015). Growth in the profession does not necessarily translate into job availability if the market is saturated with job candidates. While university programs produce graduates, local health departments (LHDs) have suffered tremendous …

Hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) Bitter Acids: Modulation Of Rumen Fermentation And Potential As An Alternative Growth Promoter, Michael D. Flythe, Isabelle A. Kagan, Yuxi Wang, Nelmy Narvaez

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Antibiotics can improve ruminant growth and efficiency by altering rumen fermentation via selective inhibition of microorganisms. However, antibiotic use is increasingly restricted due to concerns about the spread of antibiotic-resistance. Plant-based antimicrobials are alternatives to antibiotics in animal production. The hops plant (Humulus lupulus L.) produces a range of bioactive secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial prenylated phloroglucinols, which are commonly called alpha- and beta-acids. These latter compounds can be considered phyto-ionophores, phytochemicals with a similar antimicrobial mechanism of action to ionophore antibiotics (e.g., monensin, lasalocid). Like ionophores, the hop beta-acids inhibit rumen bacteria possessing a classical Gram-positive cell envelope. This …

Dnmt3a Haploinsufficiency Provokes Hematologic Malignancy Of B-Lymphoid, T-Lymphoid, And Myeloid Lineage In Mice, Garland Michael Upchurch

Theses & Dissertations

DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is a master epigenetic regulator of benign and malignant hematopoiesis. To dissect the biological consequences of homozygous and heterozygous Dnmt3a inactivation in malignant hematopoiesis, we generated Dnmt3a homozygous null (Dnmt3a^Δ/Δ) and Dnmt3a heterozygous (Dnmt3a^+/–) mice and compared the presentations of hematologic malignancies between cohorts. Bi-allelic inactivation of Dnmt3a results in the presentation of mature lymphoid neoplasms resembling chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; B220⁺CD19⁺CD5⁺; 88% penetrance (37/42)) and CD8+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL; TCRβ⁺CD3⁺CD8⁺CD4^—; 40% penetrance (17/42)). …