Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

The Role Of The Pharmacist In Health Care And Medical Treatment In Saudi Arabia As Perceived By The Patient, Mohammed H. Al Haidari

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Saudi Arabia, one of the developing countries, has a number of problems with the health care and medical treatment of the Saudi people. This study was undertaken to identify and to examine some of these problems and the role of the pharmacist in health education.

A questionnaire was developed and sent to 200 Saudi students in the United States; 111 completed questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire was also sent to Saudi Arabia where 51 persons were interviewed. Results of the questionnaire indicated that some of the problems identified were due to the attitudes of the person interviewed and others resulted …

Contractility Of Isolated Cardiac Muscle Obtained From Normotensive And Treated Or Untreated Hypertensive Rat Hearts : Effects Of Inotropic Agents, Mary Bassey Amanam

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, the contractility of isolated cardiac muscle obtained from normotensive and treated or untreated hypertensive rat hearts were investigated. The effects of inotropic agents were also explored •

Some SHRs were subjected to chronic antihypertensive treatment. After their blood pressure had been lowered, positive and negative inotropic agents were used to study the papillary muscles. The effects of acidosis, increased extracellular calcium, hypoxia, and reoxygenation on the isolated papillary muscles obtained from their hearts were studied. The same was done for isolated cardiac muscles that were removed from WKYs and SHRs. Isoproterenol in the absence or presence …

In Vitro Percutaneous Penetration Of Methotrexate, Rajaram Vaidyanathan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This research project was designed to investigate the effects of various physical and chemical parameters on percutaneous penetration of methotrexate. The potential of propylene glycol in water as a vehicle for topical delivery of methotrexate has been examined. A detailed examination of solubility, partition coefficient and pH parameters in the range of 2 to 6 pH units has been conducted with the goal of correlating their effects on skin penetration of methotrexate. The importance of physiochemical parameters such as solubility and partition coefficient and their aid in the development of a suitable delivery system for topical application has been explained. …

Toxicology And Pharmacology Of N¹-Acetylspermidine And N⁸-Acetylspermidine, Othman A. Alshabanah

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The polyamines are a group of natural compounds which have been found in almost all living tissues. N¹- and N⁸- acetylspermidine have been known for a considerable time as normal constituents in human urine, but their physiological role is unknown. Recent studies have indicated the presence of enzymes in the tissues capable of converting spermidine into N¹-acetylspermidine and N⁸-acetylspermidine and other enzyme activities which catalyze deacetylation and interconversion reactions.

One approach for determining physiologic activity of an endogenous compound is to observe their pharmacologic and toxicologic effects. In the present study, the …

Release Of Cortisol From Propylene Glycol Monostearate--Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohol Films, Conway Ko-Huri Chou

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, propylene glycol monostearate (PGM), ethoxylated stearyl alcohol (ESA) and combination thereof have been investigated for their film-forming potential. The wettability, strength, and integrity of the films were evaluated by measuring the contact angles and modulus of elasticity. The films of mixed composition had smaller contact angles than the films of either component. The modulus of elasticity of all films tested was in the range of 0.19 - 0.40 Kg/cm². A series of experiments were conducted in vitro to study the effect of changes in film composition, drug concentration and rate of agitation on cortisol …

Differential Effects Of Serotonin Antagonists On Hypothermia And Stereotyped Behavior Induced By Apomorphine And Lergotrile In Rats, Rolin Lee Wade

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The naturally occuring ergot alkaloids of the fungus, Claviceps purpurea, and their many derivatives have been of neuropharmacological interest for many years because of their ability to affect peripheral and central adrenergic and serotonergic systems. More recently, selected compounds such as lergotile (2-chloro-6-methyl ergoline-8-beta acetonitrile) and and bromocriptine (2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine), have been given additional attention due to their possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of parkinson’s disease, acromegaly and other disorders. There have been considerable data published attempting to establish the mechanism(s) whereby the ergot compounds exert their effects. A large portion of these experiments involves the interaction of ergot compounds …

In Vitro Comparative Studies On The Effect Of Vinblastine Sulfate And Hyperthermia On Normal And Transformed Human Lung Fibroblasts, Fernando Alberto Duk

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Although the differential response of malignant cells to hyperthermia was observed at the end of the last century, few investigations into the phenomenon were made until fairly recently. At first the results obtained were inconsistent due mostly to the inefficient techniques in use at the time. The advent of cell and tissue culture, increased knowledge in tumor biology, advances in molecular biology, and the development of equipment which could raise and monitor the temperature of tumors during hyperthermic treatments, have made the study of the effects of supranormal temperature on malignant neoplasias substantially more reliable.

The effectiveness of the combined …

Release Of Salicylic Acid From Lanolin Alcohol-Ethyl Cellulose Films, Arshad Rahim Khan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study lanolin alcohol films were investigated as potential drug delivery systems for the controlled release of salicylic acid. A series of experiments were conducted in vitro to study the release of salicylic acid from these films. The effect of changes in film composition and stirrer speed on drug release were examined. Seven film compositions with varying proportions of lanolin alcohol and ethyl cellulose were prepared over the ethyl cellulose concentrations of 0-30% w/w, while keeping the drug concentration at 2.5% w/w. The release data obtained in this study were examined by the Q vs ¹_/2 relationship …

Pharmacologic Investigation In Mice Of The Effects Of Narcotic Antagonists On Dopamine Agonist Reversal Of Oxotremorine Or Reserpine, Mike Minoru Namba

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, two different drugs were used to induce a Parkinson-like condition. The first drug was the centrally acting cholinergic agonist oxotremorine (OXTM) which readily induces tremor and rigidity in mice (54). This tremor has been reported to be antagonized by dopamine agonists such as L-dopa and apomorphine (50,54,55) as well as by anticholinergic drugs such as scopolamine (46) . The other drug used was reserpine which interferes with the neuronal storage of dopamine and results in its depletion in the brain (56). Reserpine induces tremor, rigidity, blepharoptosis (a drooping of the eyelids), and catalepsy (48,57-59). The catalepsy …

Biofeedback Treatment Of A Drug Induced Tremor, Ralph Nitta

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Two subjects exhibiting drug-induced hand tremor received EMG feedback from electrode sites above the forearm extensor muscles . EMG feedback resulted in reductions in muscle potentials for both subjects. However, self-report measures of tremor severity showed only general improvement in Subject l and little or no improvement in Subject 2. Behavioral measures of hand steadiness taken immediately after each treatment session showed slight changes across treatment conditions for both subjects. As indicated by a rapid increase in EMG measures during reversal, treatment effects appear transitory.

Investigation Of Lanolin Alcohol As A Film-Forming Delivery System: In Vitro Kinetics Of Triamcinolone Acetonide Release And Skin Penetration., Balasubramanian Venkataraman Iyer

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The nonpolymeric high molecular weight substances such as lanolin alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol have been investigated for their film-forming potential. Furthermore, the application of this potential in the design of topical drug-delivery systems has also been explored. The utilization of such film-forming systems may offer certain unique advantages not associated with the polymeric systems.

Stearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol do not form films of acceptable integrity. Lanolin alcohol forms thin films capable of being isolated. Inclusion of appropriate amounts of ethyl cellulose and propylene glycol or hexadecyl alcohol in lanolin alcohol was found to improve the integrity, hardness …

Brunfelsia Hopeana - Pharmacologic Screening: Isolation And Characterization Of Hopeanine, Radhakrishnan Parameswaran Iyer

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The genus Brunfelsia (Fam. Solannceae) comprises some 40 species of shrubs native to South Africa and West Indies. Brunfelsia hopeana (common name: Manaca root) and related species are recognized in folk medicine in South America as being useful as diuretic, antirheumatic, antisyphilitic agents and as narcotic hallucinogens. In view of the interesting folkloric uses and a paucity of chemical and pharmacological investigation of B. hopeana, a systematic phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on B. hopeana was undertaken in our laboratory.

Hippocratic screening of the whole root powder and extracts of B. hopeana administered intrapcritonially to rats, indicated that the whole root …

A Method Of Detecting Viral Contamination In Parenteral Solutions., Joseph Alexander Woelfel

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The presence of contaminants in parenteral solutions is a constant nemesis against which pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as medical, pharmacy , and nursing practitioners mus t vigilantly struggle to provide quality health care. At each level in the parenteral drug delivery system, contamination is possible before the patient actually receives the infusion. The implementation of better practices and procedures continues in the quest of contaminant-free parenterals, nevertheless, the literature is replete with articles documenting contamination of parenteral medication.

Foreign body particulate matter has been found sequestered in the lungs of patients who have received intravenous therapy. The entrapment of foreign …

Effects Of The Medication Reminder Record With Counseling And The Daily Medication Package On Drug Compliance By Ambulatory Psychiatric Patients, Albert T. Gazzar

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Drug default is the failure of a patient to comply fully with medication regimens and is major unsolved problem confronting health care providers oday. Drug default is also known as medication noncompliance.

Very few studies have been reported comparing the effects of counseling and the unit dose packaging upon compliance. Further, no studies have been reported on the effects of counseling and unit dose packaging upon compliance in ambulatory psychiatric patients. The present investigation was undertaken to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the Medication Reminder Record, a type of patient calender sheet, with counseling as a means of improving compliance …

The Biochemistry Of Vascular Smooth Muscle In The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, John Edward Taylor

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP) was first described as the mediator of the glycogenolytic effect of epinephrine and glucagon in the liver almost two decades ago. It has since been found that cAMP may mediate the effects of a number of hormones and neurohormones, and this observation has led to the development of the second messenger hypothesis of hormone action. According to the second messenger theory, the hormone or first messenger brings information to the cell, whereas, the second messenger (cAMP) transfers this information into intracellular events. More recent evidence has described the existence of an additional second messenger, cyclic guanosine …

The Clinical Pharmacy Program In A Community Hospital Setting : An Integral Part Of The Educational Process, Franklin D. Kamian

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The intent of this work is to emphasize that the concept of clinical pharmacy is no longer an innovation or an educational experiment, but rather is a reality which requires national recognition, professional as well as legislative support, and clearly planned educational preparation.

Characterization Of The Physical Properties And The Bioavailability Of Phenobarbital Tablets, Usp, 100 Mg, Mario F. Sylvestri

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 required a producer of a new drug to substantiate the safety of the drug product when used as recommended; however, the introduction of the Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962 considerably strengthened this act. These amendments intensified the controls on quality, labeling, and safety, while adding a new requirement that all NDA's should be able to present substantial evidence of the effectiveness of the drug product for its indicated use of uses (4). The procedure used to determine the efficacy of a drug included identification of the product, copies of the labeling, and a …

Insulin Adsorption To Intravenous Delivery Systems, Michael Joseph Zarcone

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Lack of quantitative adsorption data makes it difficult for a physician to determine the actual amount of insulin received by a patient against the amount added to the intravenous infusion system. This project was therefore initiated to determine quantitatively the extent of adsorption that would occur in a clinical setting.

In order to achieve the above aim, varying amounts of carrier insulin containing I-labeled insulin were added to the intravenous infusion delivery system. Using the most commonly utilized mode of delivery and flow rate the tagged insulin solution was allowed to flow through the intravenous delivery system. Both the amount …

Application Of Clinical Pharmacy In The Rural Community : The Livingston Project, Gregory Paul Matzen

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

During the past few year's the health care delivery system of the United States has come under increasingly close scrutiny and attack by citizens concerned over the illogical distribution and cost of receiving adequate health care. Outcries for changing our current standards of health care delivery have reached the attention not only of consumer groups but also influential individuals in various levels of state and federal government. One need only look at proposed legislation (1-3) recently introduced in both the United States Senate and the House of Representatives , concerning enactment of some form of national health insurance, to grasp …

The Development Of A Course Of Study In Fda Drug Regulatory Procedures, Robin Adele Wills

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It is the purpose of this thesis to develop a course of study for pharmacy schools on drug regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A summarization of the history of the development of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of pharmacy education reveals a lack of interface between the two. The necessity for the interface of pharmacy education and the agency which has significant control over the products forming the basis of the pharmacy profession will be made apparent. A period of residency through which the course of study on drug regulation by the FDA was to …

Studies On The Characterization Of A Soluble Factor Of A Sodium-Activated, Magnesium-Dependent Adenosinetriphosphatase In Rat Cerebral Cortex, Lily Toh

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

From the standpoint of physiologists, emphasis has been placed on viewing the chemical nature of the membrane as an operational barrier to the free diffusion of ions. This tends to explain the fact that the ionic composition of the cytoplasm of the animal cell differs from its external fluid environment.

It is well know that where sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid, potassium has such a role inside the cell. Since there appears to be differential distribution of these ions across the cell membrane, this infers a concentration gradient of these ions. This differential distribution is important …

Stability, Packaging, Storage, And Sterilization Of A Medicated Dry Foam, Armen Gostanian

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The basic unmedicated formula consists of dextran, sorbitol, Miranol 2 MCA Modified, and water. The major advantages of the film are 1) fast release rates, 2) ease of application to denuded skin without aggravation, and 3) lack of necessity for removal, hence no aggravation. However, it is extremely sensitive to moisture and elevated temperatures which is a major disadvantage. Excessive humidity will solubilize the film or make it too tacky to handle while very low humidity causes the film to lose its flexibility. Also, elevated temperatures remove moisture from the film and cause it to lose flexibility much as with …

Effects Of Cryogenine And Selected Anti-Inflammatory And Immuno-Suppressive Agents On Developing And Established Mycobacterium-Adjuvant Polyarthritis In The Rat, William Clarke Watson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Comparative Phytochemistry Of Saururaceae Essential Oils., Lohit Venkateswara Tutupalli

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In view of their native medicinal uses, a systematic investigation of the phytochemistry and Hippocratic screening of three members of the Saururaceac namely, Anemopsis californica, Saururus cernuus and Houttuynia cordata was undertaken.

A Compatibility Study Of Common Additives In Protein Hydrolysate-Dextrose Solutions For Parenteral Hyperalimentation, Norman Hideo Kobayaski

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The use of the alimentary route to supply essential nutrients, either by mouth or nasogastric tube, is by far the best. This route, however, requires an intact and functioning gastrointestinal tract which may be found in certain chronic intestinal diseases, malignant tumors, and cases of gastrointestinal obstruction. In there and certain other clinical situations, parenteral feeding is necessary to provide essential nutrients normally provided in the diet.

The intravenous route of administration is generally recognized as the most effective means of systemic administration. Yet, considering the other routes used clinically, it is of relatively recent development. Parenteral therapy began in …

Anticoagulant Half-Life Of Heparin In Human Subjects With Normal And Impaired Renal Function., Paul James Perry

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Numerous investigators have noted that individuals vary widely in their response to the anticoagulant, heparin. Animal model3 have suggested that patients with depressed renal function would be expected to clear heparin from the blood at a slower rate than patients with normal renal function.

Utilizing the Activated Coagulation Time clotting test, a method was developed to determine the anticoagulant half-life of heparin. The study calculated the half-life of heparin in a group of individuals with normal renal function and a population of patients in chronic renal failure. Intravenous heparin doses of 0,3 units/ml and 0.6 units/ml of blood were administered …

Technologies For Tissue Culture Electrophysiologic Recording, Lorne Bonkowski

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The development of tissue culture electrophysiology has been hindered by these numerous technological problems. The function of this thesis was to identify and propose solutions to these technological problems and concurrently develop a system for prolonged intracellular GME monitoring (30 to 40 hours) of membrane parameters from cells grown in tissue culture.

The technological problems identified in the present study and for which solutions have been proposed are: (1) Maintenance of a sterile environment for an open tissue culture vessel in which GME measurements can be made for periods exceeding 30 to 40 hours.; (2) Elimination of environmental electrical interference …

The Development Of An Oral Inhalation Dosage Form Antinauseant, Kit Michael Mills

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It would seem appropriate that studies be conducted on the development of an oral inhalation dosage form antinauseant. The present project will consist of developing and testing a series of aerosol formulations to determine their feasibility in antinauseant therapy. In vitro pressure, valve release, spray pattern, particle size, and aging studies will be performed. The present work will also include an in vivo evaluation of promising formulations.

In Vitro Resorption Characteristics Of Selected Diuretic Compounds By Thedesaga Resomat, Donald Gene Floriddia

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

An in vitro method was tested whereby the processes of dissolution and distribution of active ingredient into a lipoid solvent were combined in one model and evaluated.

The objectives of this research project were: (1) to evaluate the efficacy of the in vitro model known as the Desaga Resomat, in the testing of gastrointestinal absorption; (2) to apply the procedure and instrument to a group of therapeutically important products in determining their absorption characteristics; (3) to graphically illustrate the absorption profile of a specific drug as per cent absorbed vs. time, simulating in vivo absorption; (4) to compare the profile …

A Retrospective Study Of Drug Interactions And Their Clinical Significance In 100 Hospitalized Patients, Michael Ray Alexander

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Within the past several years, a great deal of attention has been focused on the phenomena of drug-drug interactions and their importance in the therapeutic regimen of patients for whom multiple therapeutic agents might be indicated. The rather sudden concern for this aspect of medical and pharmaceutical practice is evidenced by the proliferation of literature devoted to the topic for both professions. While iatrogenic disease has long been recognized as one of the hazards inherent in prescribing practices, only isolated reports of specific interactions were found until recently. Although it cannot be said with certainty when the first interaction of …