Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Evaluate Levels Of Nephrin And Kidney Injury Molecule In Diabetic Nephropathy Patients, Ahmed Malik Hassan, Hassan Ali Al-Saadi, Radhwan Mohammed Hussein

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Introduction: Diabetes, particularly when uncontrolled for an extended length of time, was already related with a higher risk of complications and progression of both macrovascular and microvascular problems. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes can be a result from micro vascular effect of diabetes, kidney disease can occur in both type one or type two diabetes patients kidney disease usually affects young and middle-aged patients. Kidney injury molecule and Nephrin is a biomarkers used to diagnosis of early biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy Objective: The aim was effectiveness of KIM-1 and nephrin for diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease …

Characterization Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtype In Iraqi Patients, Ola Amer Jasim, Khalid Mahdi Salih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide and is distinguished by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits that is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, or both. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs). The study lasted from November 2021 to May 2022 and aimed to determine the frequency of IBS subtypes among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of several factors on disease’s initiation, type and severity such as age, gender, and anxiety. The …

Study Of Il-15, Il-11, And Some Physiological Parameters In Aborted Women, Enas Saad Sabih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Objective; The objective of current investigation is TO KNOW THE roles of IL-15 and IL-11 with some physiological indicators in pathophysiology of aborted women.

Methods; This investigation was conducted in the Medical City Hospital's gynecology consultant ‏ for period of March – May 2023. Thirty blood samples were taken from aborted women who visit hospitals and clinics otolaryngology. In addition to thirty blood samples were taken from healthy women who represented as a control group. The levels of IL-11 and IL-15 were detected by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) (Immunotech, France), and random blood sugar observed by Biorex machine (UK). Levels of …

Incidence Of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (Cchf) In Different Governorates Of Iraq, Ihsan M. Al-Saqur, Amina N. Althwani, Heba N. Safah Hussein, Aubiad H. Noor, Ranna A. Sabar, Dhoha D. Hadi, Shad. H. Haitham

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. This disease is considered as a dangerous zoonotic viral disease transmitted from animals to human by Hyalomma ticks. The first case was registered in Iraq in 1979, which led to the death of the patient, her doctor and some of the medical staff in Baghdad/Al-Yarmouq hospital. The current study was conducting on the data of (399) patients suffering from symptoms of hemorrhagic septicemia for two years (2021and 2022) which received from Central Disease Control (CDC) in Baghdad depending on serological test. The results revealed that …

Effect Of Ferritin, Magnesium And Cobalt On Total Viable Count Of Candida Spp. In Normal Pregnant And In-Vitro Fertilized Women, Lina Sami Adham, Abbas Sabri Almizraqchi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: A correlation existed between diminished levels of vital mineral elements crucial for antioxidant activity in the bodies of pregnant women and an elevated susceptibility to preeclampsia. Objective: To assess the effect of salivary mineral elements on the salivary total count Candida spp in pregnant, in vitro fertilization pregnant women and control. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 subjects were included in this study, first group consist of (30) normal pregnant women, second group consist of (30) In vitro fertilization (IVF), and third group consist of (25) non-pregnant women, the samples were collected from different clinics …

Molecular Study Of The Agr Gene In Multidrug-Resistant (Mdr) And Extensively Drug-Resistant (Xdr) In The S. Aureus, Mays Ali Salim, Estabraq Ali Maklef, Montaha Abdul-Karim Al-Saffar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Staphylococcus aureus a gram-positive coccus and one of the most important opportunistic bacteria that can lead to nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study is to explore the distribution and prevalence of the Agr gene in multidrug-resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. aureus. 62 isolates performed antibiotic sensitivity test. The isolates showed 66.12% resistance to clindamycin with MIC at range≥4, erythromycin 77.41% with MIC at range≥8, ciprofloxacin 19.35% with MIC at range≥4, oxacillin 75.80% with MIC at range≥4, cefoxitin 45.16% with MIC at range≥8, gentamycin 29.03% with MIC at range≥16, nitrofurantoin 14.51% and MIC at range≥128, and tetracycline …

Distribution Of Epidemiological Characteristics Of Low Back Pain Patients Attending To Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Khadija Kamil Salman, Ali Hussein. Al-Hafid, Shatha Ahmed Mohammed Ali

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a very common health problem worldwide especially in the low and middle-income countries. The LBP may be acute or chronic in nature caused by several medical conditions. The majority of acute low back pain is mechanical in nature due to sprains and strains. Chronic LBP, on the other hand, is most commonly attributed to sciatica, which a radiculopathy condition caused by compression, inflammation and/or injury to the spinal nerve roots. Aims of study: To study epidemiological features of low back pain. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 440 individuals diagnosed with …

Comparison Between Crp Level And Some Biochemical Parameters In Hashimoto And Hypothyroidism Iraqi Patients, Shahad Muthanna Abdulsattar, Ahmed Salem Mohammed, Susan Ahmed Zwyea

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common medical condition that occurs due to a lack of the hormone thyroxine. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent thyroid disorder, also known as autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Approximately 20-30% of people develop hypothyroidism due to ongoing inflammation of the thyroid tissue it triggers. Aims: To investigate the difference between inflammatory and biochemical test in Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) and hypothyroidism patients (non-autoimmune) Methods: The study was done on 50 Hashimotos patients, 50 Hypothyroidism patients from the Endocrinology Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Educational Laboratories / Baghdad City, Iraq, and 50 control healthy …

Relationship Of Serum Copeptin Level With Traditional Risk Factors For Acute Coronary Syndrome In Early Diagnosis Of This Syndrome In Iraqi Patients, Ali Abdul Rasool Hussein, Abdulkareem H. Issa, Abbas Naji Muslem Al Shareeifi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and an early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) aims to decrease mortality in MI patients. The ACS is manifested as one of three subtypes. These subtypes include MI with the electrocardiogram (ECG) is showing ST-segment elevation (STEMI), the other is MI with the ECG is showing no ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) and the third type is unstable angina (UA). Objectives: To explore the Relationship of serum copeptin level with traditional risk factors for acute coronary syndrome in early diagnosis of this syndrome in Iraqi …

Immunological And Molecular Investigation Of Non-Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis Within Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Zahraa Maad Abdul-Sahib, Najah Ali Mohammad, Abdul Razzaq Nema

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Gastritis is one of the most common diseases in the digestive system, especially in patients with low immunity, including diabetic mellitus. Diabetic Mellitus considered one of an endocrine gland disease characterized by elevated blood sugar because of a defect in the regulation of sugar in the body. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between Non-Helicobacter pylori gastritis with type 2 diabetic mellitus (N-Hp G.T2DM), by interleukin IL-10 and IL-18. This study included 37(41.1%) N-Hp G.T2DM, 23 (25.6%) gastritis (G) only and 30 (33.3%) healthy participants. Biomarkers for T2DM and G (FBS, …

Strategies And Emerging Mechanisms In Managing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm-Associated Antibiotic Resistance In Renal Catheters, Ahmed Fadhil Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Strategies and mechanisms in controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to biofilm-associated with renal catheters are a serious concern. Renal catheters are widely used in hospitals for numerous urological disorders. However, they are the main cause of bacterial infections, especially P. aeruginosa, when used for a long time. The mechanism of biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa in renal catheters is complex and has not been efficiently managed. This review debates certain strategies and mechanisms associated with P. aeruginosa biofilm antibiotic resistance in cases with renal catheters, including the prevention of biofilm formation, eradication of biofilm, and reducing biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance and …

Distribution Of Epidemiological Characteristics Among Drug Addiction Patients Admitted To Alqana Center For Social Rehabilitation, Ali Abdul Alkhudhur Murad, Atta Ah. Mousa Al-Sarray, Zeena Jamal Alkhazraji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Drug addiction is a worldwide issue; 5.6% of the world's population aged 15 to 64 took drugs at least once in 2016. For the majority of medicines, younger individuals use them more than older people do. Drug abuse seems to be on the increase in several ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, particularly among young men aged 15 to 30. Illicit drug abuse account for around 14% of the overall health burden among young males. Younger individuals are also more prone to die from drug abuse issues. Aim: To assess the severity of problems related to drug …

Immunological Markers And Clinical Features With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In Iraqi Women Patients, Ali Yahya. Zeki, Ali Hussein. Al-Hafid, Haider Hafudh Humaish

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a complicated condition caused by the immune system attacking disease with unclear causes, affecting mainly women. It manifests with various symptoms and is diagnosed based on clinical and serological signs. Aims: To investigate the prevalence and the type of immunological and hematologic manifestations in SLE from pathologist's perspective. Methods: The study was done on 60 SLE patients and 60 controls from the Consulting Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City during the first half of the year 2024, from 25^th January 2024 until 25^th April 2024. Results: Marital state …

Cathepsin D And Its Relation With Lipid Profile In Coronary Atherosclerosis Patients, Israa Saad Salim, Walaa Ismael Jassim, Ahmed Saadi Hassan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Coronary atherosclerosis is a long lasting and continuously evolving disease with multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The onset and advancement of coronary atherosclerosis are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Objectives: The study aimed to find out if cathepsin D a good indicator to diagnose atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases and its relation with lipid profile. Materials and Methods: The study conducted with the participation of 150 subjects (100 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 50 healthy control). Age for all subject was in …

Secretor Status And Anxiety Are Risk Factors For Getting Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ola Amer Jasim, Khalid Mahdi Salih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide and is distinguished by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits that is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, or both. Control-based study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs), along with 20 healthy individuals matched in their age and gender to act as control group. The study lasted from November 2021 to May 2022 and aimed to determine the frequency of IBS subtypes among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence …

Complement Component C3 And C4 Levels In Juvenile And Adult Sle Iraqi Patients, Sahar S. Aldhahir, Izzat A. M. Al-Rayahi, Salwa S. Muhsin

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with about 15-20% of patients being children. The causes of the disease are a mix of genetic and environmental factors. Complement C3 and C4 play a significant role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease severity. Additionally, renal function tests are important for monitoring the disease, as the disease affects the kidneys in a large percentage of patients. Aim: The study was primarily conducted to compare complement C3 and C4 levels in Iraqi adult and juvenile patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Patient and methods: The study consisted of 70 patients, …

Some Biological Markers In Diabetic Patients, Ahmed Malk Hassan, Hasan Ali Hussein, Radhwan Mohmmed Hussein, Maryam Hiyder Kadhum

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Endstage renal disease (ESRD) usually comes on by diabetic nephropathy (DN) and is one of the most dreaded chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the DN-biomarker landscape with a particular emphasis on new approaches that improve the sensitivity of biomarkers for identifying patients who will develop DN or who are at risk of developing ESRD. This study was designed as a case-control study. 120 individuals were involved, divided into three groups: a control group diabetic without nephropathy, Early stage and end stage of nephropathy, 40 patients were taken for each …

Association Between Leptin And Lipid Profile In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Wafa Zughair Mohi, Khawla A. Shemran, Yasameen Al-Saffar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is worldwide disease, the levels of lipids are too affected in a patient with diabetes mellitus due to a variety of factors, one of them carbohydrate metabolism. This investigation evaluated liptin as an indicator to the levels of the lipids in people with DM. The study included a total of 90 patients divided into 30 healthy controls (Group 1), 30 DM type 2 patients (Group 2) as well as 30 DM with atherosclerosis (Group 3). The high value where observed by ELISA and spectrophotometer in DM patients (Group 2) compared to the controls (Group 1) (54.68±9.67 vs. …

Nanoparticles Used In Treatment And Diagnosis Of Leishmaniasis In Iraq: A Review, Harith S. Al-Warid, Layla M. Hasan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

The aim of this paper is to identify Nano-particles that have been used in diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis in Iraq. All experiments conducted in this field were based on the following nanoparticles: gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, zinc nanoparticles, and sodium chloride nanoparticles. Most of these experiments were reviewed in terms of differences in the concentrations of nanoparticles and the method that was used in the experiments whether it was in vivo or in vitro. These particles used in most experiments succeeded in inhibiting the growth of Leishmania parasites.

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Epidemiology And Antibiotic Resistance: A Five Years Retrospective Study In Iraq., Huda Ghassan Hameed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

One of the leading causes of diseases and deaths across the world are bacterial infections, and the situation is only going to grow worse as antibiotic resistance spreads. Antimicrobial resistance must be closely monitored so as to control the spread of multi-antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. As a result, the goal for the study was to estimate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on top of that to look into the antibacterial pattern over the last five years. This retrospective investigation was carried out in various hospitals in Iraq like Central Children's Teaching Hospital for Children, Al Kindi Teaching Hospital, Al-Numan Hospital, Yarmouk …

Cariesthe Effect Of Sweet Taste Perception On Dental Caries Experience In Relation To Age And Gender In Primary School Children, Mohammed H. Abdulaziz, Suha T. Abd

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

This study aims to investigate the impact of sweet taste perception (sweet taste threshold and preference) on dental caries experience in relation to age and gender among a sample of schoolchildren. The research follows a cross-sectional observational design and includes 181 schoolchildren of both genders aged between 6 and 12 years from the Al-Risafa district of Baghdad city. The participants were divided into two age groups (6-8 and 9-12). Dental caries were assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled indices for primary and permanent teeth (dmfs, dmft, DMFS, and DMFT). Additionally, the sweet taste threshold and sweet taste preference were …

Determination The Effect Of Glucose On Btp, Lfabp Levels In The Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy, Zahraa Khalid Mahmood, Suhayr Aesa Al-Qaysi, Alaa Jafear Mahrath

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Everywhere in the globe, kidney illness is becoming more common, and there is no medication that can stop the progression of chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease, which is extremely expensive. Diabetes, kidney stones, accidents, and bleeding are the main contributors to kidney disease. The study was designed as a case control study. The study was involved (80) participants, only (36) were involved in this study and divided into two groups patients with nephropathy (23) and diabetic nephropathy (13) with age (20-65years) and BMI (19 -29 kg/m2). All these patients were diagnosed by nephrologist conducted in nephrology Clinic at …

Genetic Polymorphisms Of Aqp1 Rs10244884 Associated With Iron Deficiency Anemia In Baghdad City, Sawsan Hashim Hoshe, Moead E. Al Gazally, Hussein Naji Al-Shammari

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Most people throughout the world suffer from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The morbidity rate is relatively high for such a complicated illness. Importantly, it has been identified that the aquaporin-1 polymorphism rs10244884 plays a critical role in iron homeostasis in the human body. The rs10244884 (T > C) polymorphism is significantly associated with iron levels and a variety of blood factors, leading to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Venous blood samples were collected from (100) people in this analytical (case and control) investigation, including (50) patients with iron deficiency anemia and (50) healthy volunteers as a control group. The following parameters were …

The Effect Of An Electric Current On Human Body (A Review), Yasir Khaleel Almusawi, Maha Raad Hashim Al-Sammarraie, Mukaram D. Shikara

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), four people are killed every week by electrocution in the last decade, while 3% of people (suffering from electrical injuries) were admitted to emergency wards. The severity of electric injury depends on the electrical resistance of the human body, which depends on several factors such as the long duration of electric contact, type of the current (AC or DC), intensity of the current (amperes/voltages), sites of entry and exit points, wet or dry body, individual metabolism of the person, sweat gland activity, human body mass, type of tissue it travels through and its …

Biological Activity Of Rats Treated With Riboflavin In Polymeric Plga As Injectable Form, Sarah A. Hamood, Jabar A. Faraj, Ziad T. Al-Dahan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

The current study aims to optimize a fast, reproducible, reliable, and effective technique for estimating the biological activity of Vitamin B2 in injectable dose form using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). A biodegradable polymer, PLGA (Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) 50:50 type, approved as an active ingredient for parenteral administration, was used to load the vitamin in the injection volume of 1mg. Rats, both male and female, were employed as the animal models. Each animal was hosted for a duration of 40 days, and the activity of vitamin B2 was monitored at rapid intervals over six weeks using an HPLC device on …

Analysis Of Chloramphenicol, Sulphamethoxazole, And Sulfanilamide Drugs By Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Fluorescent Detector, Tariq Y. Mahmoud, Aziz L. Jarallah, Isam S. Hamza

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

This study proposed to analyze chloramphenicol (CPA), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfanilamide (SNA) drugs by reverse-phase liquid chromatography method in the form of pharmaceutical preparations and synthetic mixture. For this method, column C18-ODS (25 cm x 4.6 mm) was used with an isocratic elution mobile phase composed of methanol and 2% orthophosphoric acid, fluorescent detector (Ex= 310 nm, Em= 440 nm). It was found that the time of retention for CPA, SMX, and SNA was 8.99 ± 0.02, 10.76 ± 0.2, and 8.21 ± 0.2 min, respectively. The suggested method has been validated for limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, …

Hyaluronic Acid Gel Effectiveness As An Adjunctive Treatment In Patients With Perio Dontal Disease, Ban Zuhair Ahmed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Both hard and soft periodontal components require hyaluronic acid (HA) for extracellular matrices to function properly. HA is crucial to understanding how inflammation and wound healing work. Different amounts of HA are found in periodontal tissues, including non-mineralized tissues like gingiva and periodontal ligament, and lesser levels in mineralized tissues like cementum and alveolar bone. Preliminary research indicates that HA can control periodontal tissue regeneration and treat periodontal disease. In both deeper periodontal tissues and marginal gingiva, HA helps to relieve symptoms. Aims: This research aimed to detect the influence of hyaluronic acid 1% gel as an adjunctive therapy …

Influence Of Il-1ss, Anti-Cdtb And Histamine In Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Khalid Mahdi Salih, Ola Amer Jasim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gut disorder that affects approximately 11% of the global population and negatively affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. A control-based study was conducted on 42 Iraqi patients with IBS who presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs), along with 20 healthy individuals matched in age and gender to act as a control group. The study aimed to determine the frequency of IBS among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of biomarkers on the disease's initiation, type, and severity such as IL-1ß, anti-Cytolethal distending toxin …

The Relationship Between The Nervous System And Dna Expression(A Review), Maha Raad Hashim Al-Sammarraie, Yasir Khaleel Almusawi, Mukaram D. Shikara

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Neurotransmitters travel through synapses mediated by neurons. The DNA inside the neurons does not replicate since it arrests in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, which explains the absence of replication as DNA replication occurs during the S phase, which is preceded by the G1 phase. Experiments have shown that environmental factors can influence the DNA code and have been tried in both plant and animal kingdoms over the last two centuries with great success, leading to the belief that environmental factors can prompt the brain to send signals (neurotransmitters) to somatic cells. The next question will be: "Is …

Dna - Chemistry Of Life, Abdulrazzak Hammody Al-Qaraghuli, Ayad Ahmed Al-Taweel

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

The chemical structure of DNA, RNA, telomeres, and mitochondria and their principal components are reviewed based on the type of chemical bonds and interactions between those components. This study also briefly outlines the types of chromosomes and genes in the cells of some living species, including humans. An approach regarding the polymeric nature of DNA is introduced, including the number of units or molecules in the polymer based on the unit cell dimensions of crystalline DNA material. Furthermore, the mechanism of protein synthesis inside the living cell, including the role of DNA and RNA in this process, is discussed.