Radiology Commons^™

Repeatability Of Serial Carotid Intima Media Thickness Scanning On Individual Subjects, Judi Nightingale

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Heart disease affects millions of Americans each year. In order to improve primary prevention, early risk identification is essential. B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) assesses risk of a coronary event early in the process of plaque development. Because IMT changes are so small over time, in order to determine clinically significant versus clinically insignificant changes in IMT over a 12 month time period, a protocol is needed which can detect the least significant difference (LSD) of at least 0.030 mm.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a well-defined …

Accuracy Of The Newtom 3g™ In Measuring The Angle Of The Articular Eminence, Rehana Khan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Newtom 3G™ in determining the angulation of the articular eminence. The benefits of conducting this study were to provide additional uses for the standard records that are taken for the purposes of orthodontic treatment, as well as evaluate the Newtom 3G™ for accuracy in measuring the anatomy of the glenoid fossa. This study required 20 participants that volunteered to allow their records to be used. Records evaluated were the Newtom 3G™, impressions, and wax check bite registrations. The wax record was taken using the 'forced bite' technique to …

The Outcome Of Mta As A Root End Filling Material: A Long Term Evaluation, Christopher M. Sechrist

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Periradicular surgery is a viable option to save natural teeth when non-surgical treatment fails or when endodontic retreatment is not feasible or contraindicated. Laboratory and animal studies have demonstrated that MTA is biocompatible, provides an excellent seal against penetrating bacteria, and promotes hard tissue healing. The purpose of this study was to provide long term (>3 years) clinical evidence for its use as a root-end filling material in endodontics. The clinical records of 294 patients who had MTA used during endodontic treatment from 1996 to 2001 were reviewed. From these, 75 patients whose root end cavities had been filled …

Prevalence Of Degenerative Joint Disease In A Pre-Orthodontic Adolescent Sample, Marie Mansour

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this research was to determine a prevalence of degenerative joint disease in our pre-orthodontic adolescent patients age ten through seventeen. The prevalence was assessed according to gender. Severity of DJD was established for each patient and a "red flag" for diagnosis was identified. The purpose was also to establish norms for joint space for patients with and without degenerative joint disease. Correlations to distal condyle position and angle classification were described. 123 consecutive patients, 77 female and 46 male T1 NewTom records were reviewed. Severity of DJD was classified according to none, mild, moderate, and severe. Sagittal …

The Radiopacity Of 29 Resin Restorative Materials Compared To Enamel, Peter Lubisich Iv

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The radiodensity of a composite resin can greatly influence a clinician's ability to analyze a restoration for failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative radiopacities of 29 resin restorative materials compared to enamel, and to verify the comparable radiopacity between shades of 23 of the restorative composite resin materials. Composite resin discs measuring >5mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were made and polymerized. Radiographs were taken of the composite resin discs, which included an aluminum step wedge for calibration and a densitometer was used to measure the radiodensity of the composite resin samples. The …

Quantification Of Bone Deposition In Onlay Bone Grafting, Gregory Alan Kammeyer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate; 1) mandibular posterior mono-cortical block onlay bone graft success rates 2) the amount of grafted bone retained after initial resorption in radiographic projections. Seven consecutive patients with 14 mandibular posterior implant sites requiring bone augmentation for implants of a standard 3.8mm x 10mm dimension were sought. Mono-cortical block bone grafts from the ipsilateral ascending ramus were placed then observed with two standardized CT scans, dividing them into two groups: Group A had the first CT at 4 weeks after graft placement and a second taken before Prosthodontic reconstruction, 36.7 weeks later. …

Modular Machine Learning Methods For Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer, Mia Kathleen Markey '94

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to improve breast cancer diagnosis by reducing the number of benign biopsies performed. To this end, we investigated modular and ensemble systems of machine learning methods for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer. A modular system partitions the input space into smaller domains, each of which is handled by a local model. An ensemble system uses multiple models for the same cases and combines the models' predictions.

Five supervised machine learning techniques (LDA, SVM, BP-ANN, CBR, CART) were trained to predict the biopsy outcome from mammographic findings (BIRADS™) and patient age based on a …

The Next Step, Benjamin Y. Dai, Lynn Thompson, John David N. Dionisio, Hooshang Kangarloo, Ricky K. Taira

Computer Science Faculty Works

In traditional radiology practice, reports are typically dictated and then transcribed.? While the free-text reports represent the semantic knowledge interpreted and conveyed by a physician, the information can be hard to access. The advantages of representing medical data in a structured format using standard terminology are clearly recognized. These include the ability to implement a standardized electronic medical record, automatically invoke medical guidelines when appropriate, and conduct outcomes research. Standard structured reports facilitate intelligent indexing, searching, and retrieval of documents from clinical databases. Recent attempts have been made in the industry to enable structured data entry using preformatted templates, but …

Teleradiology As A Foundation For An Enterprise-Wide Health Care Delivery System, John David N. Dionisio, Ricky K. Taira, Usha Sinha, David B. Johnson, Benjamin Y. Dai, Gregory H. Tashima, Stephen Blythe, Richard Johnson, Hooshang Kangarloo

Computer Science Faculty Works

An effective, integrated telemedicine system has been developed that allows (a) teleconsultation between local primary health care providers (primary care physicians and general radiologists) and remote imaging subspecialists and (b) active patient participation related to his or her medical condition and patient education. The initial stage of system development was a traditional teleradiology consultation service between general radiologists and specialists; this established system was expanded to include primary care physicians and patients. The system was developed by using a well-defined process model, resulting in three integrated modules: a patient module, a primary health care provider module, and a specialist module. …

A Cephalometric Study Of The Class Ii Correction Effects Of The Eureka Spring, Ernest L. Stromeyer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of the Eureka Spring appliance, was investigated on 37 consecutively treated, non compliant, bilateral Class II malocclusions, requiring at least 3 mm or more of additional molar correction. The mean pretreatment age of this sample was 13.9 years. All patients were treated by a single clinician utilizing the Eureka Spring. Lateral cephalographs were taken at start of orthodontic treatment (T1), at insertion of Eureka Springs (T2), and at removal of the Eureka Springs (T3). The average treatment interval between T2 and T3 was 4 months. Class II correction occurred almost entirely by dentoalveolar movement, 33% in the maxilla …

Integrated Multimedia Timeline Of Medical Images And Data For Thoracic Oncology Patients, Denise R. Aberle, John David N. Dionisio, Michael F. Mcnitt-Gray, Ricky K. Taira, Alfonso F. Cárdenas, Jonathan G. Goldin, Kathleen Brown, Robert A. Figlin, Wesley W. Chu

Computer Science Faculty Works

A prototype multimedia medical database has been developed to provide image and textual data for thoracic oncology patients undergoing treatment of advanced malignancies. The database integrates image data from the hospital pieture archiving and communication system with textual reports from the radiology information system, alphanumeric data contained in the hospital information system, and other electronic medical data. The database presents information in a timeline format and also contains visualization programs that permit the user to view and annotate radiographic measurements in tabular or graphic form. The database provides an efficient and intuitive display of the changing status of oncology patients. …

Mandibular Asymmetry In Unilateral Class Ii Malocclusion : A Cephalometric Study, Raed Z. Moussa

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal and dental asymmetry in unilateral class II malocclusion. A study group of 25 unilateral subdivision patients was compared to 25 class I malocclusion patients serving as the control group. Submento-vertical and frontal radiographs were used for the evaluation. Symmetry was evaluated by comparing measurements between right and left sides for both groups and matching the middle points with the midsagittal axis. Statistical paired and simple t-test were used to evaluate the difference between the two sides for both groups. The measurements showed no significant skeletal and dental asymmetries except for three …

Development Of A Mammographic Image Processing Environment Using Matlab, John L. Kelley

Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is a disease that accounts for a disturbingly large number of deaths in females each year. Its prevalence is a topic of concern to all of us since it can affect our families, friends, and coworkers. Although mammographic screening is the most effective method currently available for the early detection of breast cancer, it is far from being an infallible procedure. Mammographic reading is error prone, partly because of the complexity of the task and partly because of the variability in human performance. Computers offer high reproducibility, and when used as an adjunct by the radiologist, may improve …

Soft Tissue Changes Of The Upper Lip Following Isolated Le Fort I Osteotomies, Kendall E. James

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Pre-operative (T-1) and post-operative (T-3) radiographs were obtained and traced for fifty-one non-growing patients who had undergone isolated Le Fort I osteotomies. These tracings were then digitized with the results arranged in a data file and subjected to statistical analysis. The purpose of this study was to establish ratios for certain hard to soft tissue movements that could be used to aid the clinician in post-surgical soft tissue profile prediction. The results showed that even though a large sample was used, individual patient variability remained high particularly in the horizontal directions. Most ratios found in this study were consistent with …

Condylar Angulations As Related To Submental-Vertex Radiographs, Jady L. Chiakowsky

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Pretreatment submental-vertex radiographs were obtained for 637 adolescent patients (307 males, 330 females) who had presented themselves for orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the relationship between condylar angulations and depth of cut with the variables: age, sex, and race, and (2) establish normative values for the categories studied. The results indicated that no significant differences existed between the condylar angulations for the variables measured. However, significant differences did exist between the depth of cut for the variables measured and there was significant interaction between age and race with respect to the depth of cut. …

The Accuracy Of Sonographic Imaging (Dolphintm Digigraph) And Standard Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs : A Comparative Study, Michael D. Teichman

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Radiation due to x-ray exposure is a concern, and the development of the Dolphin™ DigiGraph represents an attempt to limit this exposure. The purpose of this paper was to compare measurements (using Ricketts analysis) obtained from conventional radiographic cephalometric tracings with those obtained by computerized digitizing with the DigiGraph. Forty-six patients from the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry graduate orthodontic clinic were digitized, and the results were compared to the x-ray tracings of these patients. The results showed that seven of the twenty-one variables examined exhibited a statistical similarity between the two methods (DigiGraph and x-ray tracing). An examination …

Quick Ceph™, A Computer Program For Cephalometric Analysis And Treatment Planning, Günther Blaseio

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The quantification of cephalometric radiographs is an integral part of orthodontic treatment planning. Numerous computer programs have been designed to digitize headfilms and to provide accurate graphic output and exact measurements. Yet these early systems were either huge, bulky and expensive or were limited in their practical use. The aim of this development was to combine modern computer and electronic equipment with advanced software engineering. The result is a universal cephalometric program written in the computer language "C" with presently seven standard and virtually limitless user definable analyses, growth forecasting, mouse-driven interactive VTO, arch length calculation, superimpositions, table of values …

Third Molar Eruption Prediction, Michael L. Jacobsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The diagnosis and treatment of third molars has often been cited as a special problem to the orthodontist. If the prognosis of third molars could be determined, orthodontic treatment could progress on a more positive basis.

This study was designed to provide a method of deciding whether developing third molars will erupt or become impacted.

Records from 130 orthodontically treated cases of Dr. Fredsall⁸ were studied. Several factors were evaluated and measured using the patients' cephalometric radiographs.

The actual fate of the third molars were recorded in the hope it could be used to predict what to expect from …

Mandibular Repositioning With Frankel Appliance Therapy, Clark E. Schneekluth

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A sample of twelve Frankel appliance (FR-2) treated patients, in the mixed dentition stage, were selectively chosen by an orthodontist based on the Class II correction and evaluated from before treatment and end of treatment laminagraphic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The average treatment period was 22 months (1 yr. 10 mos.). The average pre-treatment age was 9.5 years with a range from 8 to 11 years old, while the average post-treatment age was 11.3 years with a range of 10 to 13 years.

Frankel appliance therapy was the only form of mechanics used in this study.

The before treatment lateral …

Treatment Of Persistent Open-Bite Malocclusions With Interarch Elastic Fixation, Kent L. Phillips

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the facial complex after treatment of persistent anterior open-bites with Dr. R. M. Ricketts' "squeeze treatment." This treatment method requires heavy elastic fixation for one month in conjunction with placement of T-loop arches.

Twelve open-bite patients were selected for the study. Quantative[sic] measurements from lateral cephalometric and laminagraphs of the temporomandibular joint were also evaluated. Qualitative observations were obtained from the periapical radiographs, models, and photos.

Tooth extrusion occurred in varying amounts followed by alveolar crest and apical repair.

Statistical significance was shown in the correction of incisor overbite, …

A Study Of Treatment And Cephalometric Variables In Relation To Facial Axis Change During Treatment In A Dolichofacial Sample, Laurence A. Seifert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The change in the facial axis in a sample of fifth-three dolichofacial patients, was compared with a number of pretreatment cephalometric variables. A number of treatment variables were also compared with the amount of facial axis change that occurred during orthodontic treatment.

The cephalometric variables measured were:

1. Facial axis
2. Upper face height (maxillary height)
3. Lower face height
4. Posterior face height
5. Mandibular arc
6. Palatal-mandibular plane
7. Palatal-occlusal plane
8. Occlusal-mandibular plane
9. Overbite
10. Upper first molar to palatal plane
11. Lower first molar to mandibular plane
12. Lower incisor to mandibular plane
13. Incisal edge of lower incisor to mandibular plane
14. Xi point to occlusal plane

Treatment …

Xeroradiography & Conventional Radiography : Comparative Imaging Of The Temporomandibular Joint, Nelson R. Gatov

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the application of Xeroradiography for imaging the Temporomandibular Joint using the Updegrave and Weinberg positioning boards and to compare these images to those obtained by conventional radiography using the same positioning boards.

A cadaver head in which three spherical radiopaque implants had been placed was used in this study. A General Electric Model 1000 (Dental Unit) was the source of radiation. The conventional radiographs were produced on Dupont Cronex 2DC film and processed by a Phillips 810 automatic processed by a Xerox "125 System".

MAGNIFICATION

A comparison of the implant sphere diameters and the …

Apical Closure Induction Using Bone Growth Factors And Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Kenneth W. Tittle

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the ability of three different bone growth factor combinations with that of Ca(OH)₂ to stimulate apical closure as well as the effectiveness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an apical barrier. Fifty-six roots of second and fourth mandibular premolars of seven six- month old beagle dogs were used. Periradicular lesions were created over a four week period. The canals were cleaned and shaped and filled with Ca(OH)₂ for one week. They were then irrigated and received one of seven different treatments in a balanced design. Growth factors were placed in a carboxymethylcellulose carrier and delivered …

A Cephalometric Study Of Mandibulo-Facial Disostosis In Monozygotic Twins Using Computerized Methods, Lyn M. Lamberton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An investigation using computerized cephalometrics has been conducted to consider the cephalometric factors responsible for the characteristic appearance evident in individuals afflicted with Mandibulo-Facial Dysostosis. A pair of Negro monozygotic affected twins were studied using the other 10 non-affected members of the family as a control to minimize the environmental and hereditary factors. The Rocky Mountain Data System was utilized to analyze the lateral and frontal cephalometric radiographs of each individual using Ricketts Analysis and the data were subjected to statistical tests to determine the factors contributory to the syndrome. Age and size were considered and adjustments were made to …

Cephalometric Norms For The Mexican Population Using The Ricketts, Steinar, And Tweed Analyses, Eduardo A. Velarde

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In order to investigate the characteristics of the facial complex of the Mexican and to compare them with the Caucasian, a sample of 40 subjects, 31 males and nine females, of Latin American origin from Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, with a mean age of 16.6 years, were selected for this study. The criteria for selection were visual and only individuals with clinical normal, Angle Class I occlusion were chosen.

Lateral head Roentgenograms were obtained and cephalometric evaluation of the Skeletal and Dental Pattern was carried out using the Ricketts, Steiner, and Tweed Analyses.

The mean values for the Mexican were compared …

Cephalometrics For The Oral Surgeon In The Diagnosis Of Facial Deformities, Frederick J. Mantz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Surgical orthodontics presents a challenge to the oral surgeon. By the nature of the oral surgeon's training and discipline he should be the one best qualified to treat the surgical aspect of the surgical orthodontic case. The establishment of a proper diagnosis and means of communication between the oral surgeon and orthodontist are essential in achieving a good final result for the surgically treated case. Fortunately, a scientific method of diagnosis is available that can provide both specialties with a common language. Computerized cephalometric analysis can provide the diagnosis and link of communication for the discussion of goals and treatment. …

A Method Of Analyzing Mandibular Movement, Richard B. Mccoy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Mandibular movement is considered to be a fundamental factor in the study, analysis, and treatment of occlusion. For many years, dentists have realized that dental health depends upon the compatibility of mandibular movements and occlusion. This realization has led to the development of new methods and techniques for recording accurately and scientifically the movements of the mandible. In order for this data to be of scientific value, it must be stored in a usable form which is easily available for analysis.

The purpose of this research project was to develop a procedure for storing and recalling mandibular-movement information. Before such …

A Computerized Study Of Midpalatal Suture Expansion, Clelan G. Ehrler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An investigation has been conducted to consider the effects of midpalatal suture expansion on the cranial-facial complex. Nine patients were treated that had constricted maxillae. Data was obtained from frontal and lateral headplate radiographs which were taken at four intervals during treatment. The Rocky Mountain Data Systems diagnosis was utilized to interpret the radiographic data.

The data from the nine cases were averaged to obtain a composit [sic] change at each of the four times.

Examination of the lateral headplate data revealed that no permanent significant alteration occurred to the positions of the mandible or maxilla in a vertical or …

An Analysis Of Orthodontic Treatment Results Employing Class Ii Armstrong Adjustable Intermaxillary Springs, Michael E. Shumate

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A study of orthodontic treatment results employing Class II Armstrong Adjustable Intermaxillary Springs was made on twenty-eight randomly selected patients which were treated by Dr. Maclay Armstrong.

The skeletal and dental changes observed during treatment with the Class II springs was compared with those results observed when comparable type malocclusions were treated with Class II elastics. A list of changes which were observed during treatment with Class II elastics was compiled from the literature using individual studies published by Ricketts, Creekmore and Hanes.

The study was based on the findings observed in the initial and final cephalometric radiographs. A statistical …

A Comparative Roentgenographic Cephalometric Study Of The Facial Profile Of Orthodontic Patients Treated At Loma Linda University With Winners Of The "Smiles Of The Year" Contest, Romeo I. Stoll

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The "Smiles of the Year" winners and patients treated at Loma Linda University by the extraction or non-extraction approach were compared by linear and angular variables of skeletal, dental and soft tissue components. These findings were analyzed statistically to determine significant differences in the profile and detect the relationship between the integument and hard structures.

The following conclusions were drawn from this investigation to reflect the trend of treatment at Loma Linda University.

1. After treatment the patients had less skeletal convexity, but were more convexity than established standards.
2. The incisors of the patients treated by the extraction approach were less …