Pathology Commons^™

Differential Impacts On Proteoglycan Expression In The Response To Lens Wounding In Reparative And Pro-Fibrotic Microenvironments, Janice L Walker, A. Sue Menko

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Ex vivo lens epithelial explant cultures created through a technique that mimics cataract surgery provided an ideal model with which to compare the impacts on proteoglycan expression in the response to wounding in both reparative promoting and pro-fibrotic microenvironments. On their native basement membrane capsule the injured lens epithelium undergoes regenerative repair, with the wound closing within a few days. Their migration across the wound area is led by a population of activated lens resident immune cells. The same leader cell population also directs the wounded epithelium to migrate off the outside edges of the lens explant across the surrounding …

“Coherent Nonsense”: Lessons Learned From Utilizing Chatgpt For Usmle-Style Anatomy And Pathology Questions, Alexander Macnow, Md, Mhpe

Department of Medical Education Posters

Undergraduate medical education (UME) encounters several challenges, including the need for adequate practice items replicating standardized medical exams like the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).1 This demand suggests a role for innovative, efficient approaches to item generation. Artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLM), like those employed by ChatGPT, present an attractive solution.

Previous authors have investigated ChatGPT’s ability to “pass” high-stakes assessments, such as the USMLE,^2–4 the ophthalmology and radiology board examinations,5,6 and other nations’ certification examinations.⁷ Less literature has been published on ChatGPT’s ability to construct vignette-based single best answer multiple choice items similar to …

Social Determinants Of Health Correlate With Placental Pathology, K. Rebecca Koob, Md, Lucy Ma, Md, Allison Goldberg, Md, Sarah Lawson, Bs, Taylor Extavour, Bs, Emily Torres, Bs, Joanna Chan, Md

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Posters

Background

• The intrauterine environment is the earliest space for human development
• Placental pathologies have been shown to correlate with perinatal outcomes
• Social determinants of health (SDoH) have also been shown to correlate with perinatal outcomes
• This study examined the association between SDoH at time of delivery and placental pathologies

Dependence Of Mitochondrial Calcium Signalling And Dynamics On The Disaggregase, Clpb, Donato D'Angelo, Víctor H. Sánchez-Vázquez, Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra, Denis Vecellio Reane, Ryan R. Cupo, Hilda Delgado De La Herran, Giorgia Ghirardo, James Shorter, Ron A. Wevers, Saskia B. Wortmann, Fabiana Perocchi, Rosario Rizzuto, Anna Raffaello, György Hajnóczky

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Cells utilize protein disaggregases to avoid abnormal protein aggregation that causes many diseases. Among these, caseinolytic peptidase B protein homolog (CLPB) is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and linked to human disease. Upon CLPB loss, MICU1 and MICU2, regulators of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (mtCU), and OPA1, a main mediator of mitochondrial fusion, become insoluble but the functional outcome remains unclear. In this work we demonstrate that CLPB is required to maintain mitochondrial calcium signalling and fusion dynamics. CLPB loss results in altered mtCU composition, interfering with mitochondrial calcium uptake independently of cytosolic calcium and mitochondrial membrane potential. …

Vdac2 And Bak Scarcity In Liver Mitochondria Enables Targeting Hepatocarcinoma While Sparing Hepatocytes, Shamim Naghdi, Piyush Mishra, Soumya S. Roy, David Weaver, Ludivine Walter, Erika Davies, Anil N. Antony, Xuena Lin, Gisela Moehren, Mark A. Feitelson, Christopher A. Reed, Tullia Lindsten, Craig B. Thompson, Hien T. Dang, Jan B. Hoek, Erik S. Knudsen, György Hajnóczky

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Differences between normal tissues and invading tumors that allow tumor targeting while saving normal tissue are much sought after. Here we show that scarcity of VDAC2, and the consequent lack of Bak recruitment to mitochondria, renders hepatocyte mitochondria resistant to permeabilization by truncated Bid (tBid), a Bcl-2 Homology 3 (BH3)-only, Bcl-2 family protein. Increased VDAC2 and Bak is found in most human liver cancers and mitochondria from tumors and hepatic cancer cell lines exhibit VDAC2- and Bak-dependent tBid sensitivity. Exploring potential therapeutic targeting, we find that combinations of activators of the tBid pathway with inhibitors of the Bcl-2 family proteins …

Pulmonopoly: A Game-Based Approach To Teach And Reinforce Basic Concepts Of Pulmonary Medicine To Medical Students, Michael Dong, James Uricheck, Urvashi Vaid

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonopoly is an innovative active-learning medical board game addressses core pulmonary concepts in an engaging, competitive style. The strength of Pulmonopoly lies in its ability to combine ease of setup and play with comprehensive content coverage that comprises a significant proportion of national board examinations, offering a gamification experience that can be readily applied in different settings and modified for learner levels.

METHODS: We created an instructional game, Pulmonopoly, based on pulmonary content delivered to preclinical medical students and required for national board examinations. We invited first-year medical students to participate in 60-minute small-group sessions. Content addressed pulmonary subject …

Co-Option Of Mitochondrial Nucleic Acid-Sensing Pathways By Hsv-1 Ul12.5 For Reactivation From Latent Infection, Patryk A. Krakowiak, Matthew E. Flores, Sean R. Cuddy, Abigail L. Whitford, Sara A. Dochnal, Aleksandra Babnis, Tsuyoshi Miyake, Marco Tigano, Daniel A. Engel, Anna R. Cliffe

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Although viruses subvert innate immune pathways for their replication, there is evidence they can also co-opt antiviral responses for their benefit. The ubiquitous human pathogen, Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), encodes a protein (UL12.5) that induces the release of mitochondrial nucleic acid into the cytosol, which activates immune-sensing pathways and reduces productive replication in nonneuronal cells. HSV-1 establishes latency in neurons and can reactivate to cause disease. We found that UL12.5 is required for HSV-1 reactivation in neurons and acts to directly promote viral lytic gene expression during initial exit from latency. Further, the direct activation of innate immune-sensing pathways triggered …

The Passing Of A Giant In Proteoglycan Research: Robert J. Linhardt (1953–2025), Renato V. Iozzo, Fuming Zhang, Paul L. Deangelis

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Transcriptional Regulation In The Absence Of Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor Calcium Signaling, Michael Young, David M. Booth, David Smith, Marco Tigano, György Hajnóczky, Suresh K. Joseph

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The activation of IP3 receptor (IP3R) Ca2+ channels generates agonist-mediated Ca2+ signals that are critical for the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. It is therefore surprising that CRISPR induced loss of all three IP3R isoforms (TKO) in HEK293 and HeLa cell lines yields cells that can survive, grow and divide, albeit more slowly than wild-type cells. In an effort to understand the adaptive mechanisms involved, we have examined the activity of key Ca2+ dependent transcription factors (NFAT, CREB and AP-1) and signaling pathways using luciferase-reporter assays, phosphoprotein immunoblots and whole genome transcriptomic studies. In addition, the diacylglycerol …

Nuclear Expression Of Dynamin 2 Is Associated With Tumor Aggressiveness In Bladder Cancer Patients: A Bioinformatics And Experimental Approach, Mahdieh Razmi, Leili Saeednejad Zanjani, Mandana Rahimi, Roya Sajed, Sadegh Safaei, Zahra Madjd, Roya Ghods

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is aberrantly expressed in different malignancies and exerts a function in tumor progression.

AIMS: This study, for the first time, aimed to evaluate the clinical and prognostic value of DNM2 in the pathophysiology of bladder cancer using bioinformatics analysis and experimental evaluation.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed gene expression of DNM2 in bladder tumor by GEPIA2 and GENT2 platforms. Cluster subnetworks were recognized from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the MCODE plugin to screen the key genes. Subsequently, the pathway enrichment analysis was evaluated. Then, the immunohistochemical examination was conducted on 209 paraffin-embedded bladder cancer …

Mammalian Mitochondrial Inorganic Polyphosphate (Polyp) And Cell Signaling: Crosstalk Between Polyp And The Activity Of Ampk, Renata T. Da Costa, Anna Nichenko, Matheus M. Perez, Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner, Sheida Kavehmoghaddam, Vedangi Hambardikar, Ernest R. Scoma, Erin L. Seifert, Uwe Schlattner, Joshua C. Drake, Maria E. Solesio

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

UNLABELLED: Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an evolutionary and ancient polymer composed by orthophosphate units linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. In mammalian cells, polyP shows a high localization in mammalian mitochondria, and its regulatory role in various aspects of bioenergetics has already been demonstrated, via molecular mechanism(s) yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, a role for polyP in signal transduction, from brain physiology to the bloodstream, has also emerged.

OBJECTIVE: In this manuscript, we explored the intriguing possibility that the effects of polyP on signal transduction could be mechanistically linked to those exerted on bioenergetics.

METHODS: To conduct our studies, …

Multi-Organ Gene Expression Analysis And Network Modeling Reveal Regulatory Control Cascades During The Development Of Hypertension In Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, Eden Hornung, Sirisha Achanta, Alison Moss, James S. Schwaber, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease with stage-specific gene expression changes occurring in multiple organs over time. The temporal sequence and the extent of gene regulatory network changes occurring across organs during the development of hypertension remain unresolved. In this study, female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used to analyze expression patterns of 96 genes spanning inflammatory, metabolic, sympathetic, fibrotic, and renin-angiotensin (RAS) pathways in five organs, at five time points from the onset to established hypertension. We analyzed this multi-dimensional dataset containing ~15,000 data points and developed a data-driven dynamic network model that accounts for …

Institutional Experience Of Lymphoproliferative Disorders With Initial Diagnosis Made Via Fine Needle Aspiration At Otolaryngology Clinic, Alaa S. Hrizat, Jerald Gong, Stacey M. Gargano

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: This study characterizes lymphomas presenting as palpable head and neck masses and evaluates the role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and flow cytometry (FC) in diagnosis.

DESIGN: A 5-year retrospective review of FNAs performed by pathologists in an ENT clinic identified cases with a predominant lymphoid population that lacked an epithelial component. Cytology, FC, and subsequent surgical pathology diagnoses were correlated.

RESULTS: Of 821 FNAs, 154 (19%) met selection criteria. Reactive lymph nodes accounted for 43% (67/154), with most diagnosed as 'negative for malignancy,' except one 'atypical' (ATY) case. Lymphoma was confirmed in 57% (87/154) of cases, categorized as …

Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma To The Brain - A Clinicopathologic Analysis Of 21 Cases, Namra Ajmal, Yutao Deng, Lawrence C Kenyon, Mark T. Curtis, Mauro Dispagna, Joseph Izes, Li Li

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) is rare, often leading to death within a year. Its infrequent occurrence and atypical histopathologic features contribute to lower consideration in the differential diagnosis of tumor brain metastasis. This study aims to assess the clinical characteristics and distinctive histopathologic features of metastatic PCa in the brain for timely and enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

DESIGN: A retrospective search spanning 20 years (2003-2022) was conducted on our archives and identified 21 cases diagnosed as "metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (mPCa)" in brain biopsies and resections. All existing slides were thoroughly reviewed to evaluate the histopathology of the mPCa. …

Keratin 17 Is A Prognostic And Predictive Biomarker In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Lyanne Delgado-Coka, Lucia Roa-Peña, Sruthi Babu, Michael Horowitz, Emanuel Petricoin, Lynn Matrisian, Edik Blais, Natalia Marchenko, Felicia Allard, Ali Akalin, Wei Jiang, Md, Phd, Brent Larson, Andrew Hendifar, Vincent Picozzi, Minsig Choi, Kenneth Shroyer, Luisa Escobar-Hoyos

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of keratin 17 (K17) as a predictive biomarker for response to chemotherapy by defining thresholds of K17 expression based on immunohistochemical tests that could be used to optimize therapeutic intervention for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

METHODS: We profiled K17 expression, a hallmark of the basal molecular subtype of PDAC, by immunohistochemistry in 2 cohorts of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDACs (n = 305). We determined a K17 threshold of expression to optimize prognostic stratification according to the lowest Akaike information criterion and explored the potential relationship between K17 and chemoresistance by multivariate predictive analyses.

RESULTS: …

Immunoregulatory Properties Of Immune Cells That Associate With The Lens Capsule Surface During Acute And Resolution Phases Of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis, Phuong M. Le, Mary J. Mattapallil, Rachel R. Caspi, Mary Ann Stepp, A. Sue Menko

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Inflammation in the eye is tightly regulated to prevent vision impairment and irreversible blindness. Emerging evidence shows that immune cells are specifically recruited to the lens capsule in response to autoimmune uveitis, yet the potential that they have a role in regulating this inflammatory disease remained unexplored. Here, an immunolocalization approach combined with high-resolution confocal microscopy was used to investigate whether the immune cells that become stably associated with the lens capsule in the eyes of C57BL/6J mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) have an immunoregulatory phenotype. These studies revealed that during the acute phase of uveitis, at day 18 …

Recurrent Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Of Larynx Harboring A Novel Thbs1::Alk Fusion, Namra Ajmal, Stacey Gargano, Ujwala Gosavi, Madalina Tuluc

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare soft tissue tumor primarily occurring in the abdominopelvic region of young patients, and it is characterized by spindle-shaped myofibroblasts, or fibroblasts surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate. Herein, we report a case of a 24-year-old male with a firm submucosal mass in the anterior right vocal fold diagnosed as an IMT that recurred 14 months later. The tumor demonstrated a novel THBS1::ALK fusion containing Exons 1-7 of the thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) gene fused to Exon 19 of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene via next-generation sequencing with the NextSeq sequencer. The fusion of THBS1 to …

Absence Of Motor Impairments Or Pathological Changes In Tmem230 Knockout Rats, Wenjuan Zhang, Hao Peng, Daihe Yang, Guohua Song, Juan He, Yun Zhou, Cao Huang, Bo Huang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Parkinson's disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive movement impairment and loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although mutations in TMEM230 are linked to familial PD, the pathogenic mechanism underlying TMEM230-associated PD remains to be elucidated. To explore the effect of TMEM230 depletion in vivo, we created TMEM230 knockout rats using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. TMEM230 knockout rats did not exhibit any core features of PD, including impaired motor function, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, or altered expression of proteins related to autophagy, the Rab family, or vesicular trafficking. …

Perinuclear Damage From Nuclear Envelope Deterioration Elicits Stress Responses That Contribute To Lmna Cardiomyopathy, Kunal Sikder, Elizabeth Phillips, Zhijiu Zhong, Nadan Wang, Jasmine Saunders, David Mothy, Andrew Kossenkov, Timothy Schneider, Zuzana Nichtova, György Csordás, Kenneth B. Margulies, Jason C. Choi

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamins A/C cause an array of tissue-selective diseases, with the heart being the most commonly affected organ. Despite progress in understanding the perturbations emanating from LMNA mutations, an integrative understanding of the pathogenesis underlying cardiac dysfunction remains elusive. Using a novel conditional deletion model capable of translatome profiling, we observed that cardiomyocyte-specific Lmna deletion in adult mice led to rapid cardiomyopathy with pathological remodeling. Before cardiac dysfunction, Lmna-deleted cardiomyocytes displayed nuclear abnormalities, Golgi dilation/fragmentation, and CREB3-mediated stress activation. Translatome profiling identified MED25 activation, a transcriptional cofactor that regulates Golgi stress. Autophagy is disrupted …

Design And Validation Of A Multiplex Qpcr Assay For The Diagnosis Of Bacterial Vaginosis, Morgan G. Shriver, Richard Sunday, Zi-Xuan Wang, Scott Gygax

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

Current diagnostic criteria and treatment options for bacterial vaginosis (BV) commonly result in the misdiagnosis and/or mistreatment of the active infection, as well as subsequent reinfection with BV. This project aims to design and validate a multiplex qPCR assay as a means to accurately detect and quantify populations of dysbiotic Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera Type 1 & Type 2, Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2 (BVAB2), as well as the commensal Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus gasseri in vaginal specimen for the accurate diagnosis of BV. As these bacterial species are generally unable to be …

The Combined Immunohistochemical Expression Of Ambra1 And Sqstm1 Identifies Patients With Poorly Differentiated Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma At Risk Of Metastasis: A Proof Of Concept Study, Michael H. Alexander, William J. Cousins, Tom Ewen, Andrew P. South, Penny Lovat, Niki Stefanos

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incidence continues to increase globally with, as of yet, an unmet need for reliable prognostic biomarkers to identify patients at increased risk of metastasis. The aim of the present study was to test the prognostic potential of the combined immunohistochemical expression of the autophagy regulatory biomarkers, AMBRA1 and SQSTM1, to identify high-risk patient subsets.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 68 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary cSCCs with known 5-year metastatic outcomes were subjected to automated immunohistochemical staining for AMBRA1 and SQSTM1. Digital images of stained slides were annotated to define four regions of interest: the normal …

Needle Biopsy Accelerates Pro-Metastatic Changes And Systemic Dissemination In Breast Cancer: Implications For Mortality By Surgery Delay, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Priya Dondapati, Reese Simmons, Macall Leslie, John Langenheim, Yunguang Sun, Misung Yi, Aubrey Rottschaefer, Rashmi Pathak, Shreya Nuguri, Kar-Ming Fung, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Inna Chervoneva, Hallgeir Rui, Takemi Tanaka

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

ncreased breast cancer (BC) mortality risk posed by delayed surgical resection of tumor after diagnosis is a growing concern, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our cohort analyses of early-stage BC patients reveal the emergence of a significantly rising mortality risk when the biopsy-to-surgery interval was extended beyond 53 days. Additionally, histology of post-biopsy tumors shows prolonged retention of a metastasis-permissive wound stroma dominated by M2-like macrophages capable of promoting cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. We show that needle biopsy promotes systemic dissemination of cancer cells through a mechanism of sustained activation of the COX-2/PGE₂/EP2 feedforward loop, …

Phi-1, An Endogenous Inhibitor Protein For Protein Phosphatase-1 And A Pan-Cancer Marker, Regulates Raf-1 Proteostasis, Jason Kirkbride, Garbo Nilsson, Jee In Kim, Kosuke Takeya, Yoshinori Tanaka, Hiroshi Tokumitsu, Futoshi Suizu, Masumi Eto

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Raf-1, a multifunctional kinase, regulates various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, by phosphorylating MAPK/ERK kinase and interacting with specific kinases. Cellular Raf-1 activity is intricately regulated through pathways involving the binding of regulatory proteins, direct phosphorylation, and the ubiquitin-proteasome axis. In this study, we demonstrate that PHI-1, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), plays a pivotal role in modulating Raf-1 proteostasis within cells. Knocking down endogenous PHI-1 in HEK293 cells using siRNA resulted in increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. This heightened cell proliferation was accompanied by a 15-fold increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Importantly, the observed …

Educational Case: An Invasive Salivary Gland Tumor: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Of The Parotid Gland, Jaime Eberle-Singh, Madalina Tuluc, Joanna Sue Yee Chan

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Of Vagal Nerve Stimulation To Regulate Hemodynamic Variables, Oluwasanmi Adeodu, Michelle Gee, Babak Mahmoudi, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Mayuresh Kothare

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Various pre-clinical investigations indicate that the electrical stimulation of the cervical branch of the vagus that innervates the heart has therapeutic value in the management of various cardiac diseases. In theory, the design of a closed-loop control mechanism that automatically adjusts vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) parameters based on real-time physiological feedback can eliminate intra-patient variability in VNS outcomes and therefore represents a major step towards patient-specific therapy. This study develops a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach for VNS of a pulsatile, human cardio-baroreflex system. The manipulated variables are the frequency and amplitude of a charge-balanced biphasic current. The effects …

Increase In Hnrnpa1 Expression Suffices To Kill Motor Neurons In Transgenic Rats, Xionghao Liu, Tingting Zhang, Qinxue Wu, Cao Huang, Xu-Gang Xia, Hongxia Zhou, Bo Huang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

A dominant mutation in hnRNPA1 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it is not known whether this mutation leads to motor neuron death through increased or decreased function. To elucidate the relationship between pathogenic hnRNPA1 mutation and its native function, we created novel transgenic rats that overexpressed wildtype rat hnRNPA1 exclusively in motor neurons. This targeted expression of wildtype hnRNPA1 caused severe motor neuron loss and subsequent denervation muscle atrophy in transgenic rats that recapitulated the characteristics of ALS. These findings demonstrate that the augmentation of hnRNPA1 expression suffices to trigger motor neuron degeneration and the manifestation of ALS-like phenotypes. …

The Combination Of Platelet Rich Plasma And Corticosteroids In Musculoskeletal And Musculotendinous Pathologies, Mikayla Stoudt

Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies Capstone Presentations (Center City)

Background

- 126 million Americans reported to have a musculoskeletal or musculotendinous pathology in 2012¹

- Combined direct and indirect cost of these injuries in 2015 was $874 billion¹

- Corticosteroid injections have been the mainstay of invasive management after conservative methods fail
Long-term effects of corticosteroids

• Intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis resulted in cartilage volume loss¹⁰
• Harm to flexor tendons, neurovascular structures, and compromised integrity^{7, 11}

- Platelet Rich Plasma

• Sample patient blood --> Centrifuge --> Separate plasma and platelets from other blood products --> Reconcentrate the platelets into the plasma
• Platelets release growth factor …

Primary Adrenal Angiosarcoma: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Zunaira Naeem, Joon Yau Leong, Arianna Morton, Alaa Hrizat, Eric Shiffrin, Andrew Gomella, Peter Mccue, Mark Mann, Li Li

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Primary adrenal angiosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with challenging diagnosis. A 66-year-old woman had a 4.3 cm right adrenal mass suspicious for adrenal cortical carcinoma. Pathological examination demonstrated a hemorrhagic adrenal cyst with numerous irregularly shaped anastomosing vascular channels lined by atypical endothelial cells that had frequent atypical mitotic figures (12/10 HPF, Ki67 10%). The tumor cells were positive for CD31, ERG, and FLI-1, but negative for adrenal and other tumor lineage markers by immunohistochemistry. NGS fusion gene testing ruled out epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Accurate diagnosis and differential inclusion are important for appropriate treatment of this rare tumor.

Ifit2 Restricts Murine Coronavirus Spread To The Spinal Cord White Matter And Its Associated Myelin Pathology, Madhav Sharma, Debanjana Chakravarty, Afaq Hussain, Ajay Zalavadia, Amy Burrows, Patricia Rayman, Nikhil Sharma, Lawrence C. Kenyon, Cornelia Bergmann, Ganes C. Sen, Jayasri Das Sarma

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2, Ifit2, is critical in restricting neurotropic murine-β-coronavirus, RSA59 infection. RSA59 intracranial injection of Ifit2-deficient (-/-) compared to wild-type (WT) mice results in impaired acute microglial activation, reduced CX3CR1 expression, limited migration of peripheral lymphocytes into the brain, and impaired virus control followed by severe morbidity and mortality. While the protective role of Ifit2 is established for acute viral encephalitis, less is known about its influence during the chronic demyelinating phase of RSA59 infection. To understand this, RSA59 infected Ifit2-/- and Ifit2+/+ (WT) were observed for neuropathological outcomes at day 5 (acute phase) and 30 …

The Association Between Higher Expression Of Talin-1 And The Reduced Survival Rate In Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Patients, Mina Sharbatoghli, Leili Saeednejad Zanjani, Fahimeh Fattahi, Elham Kalantari, Zohre Habibi Shams, Mahshid Panahi, Medhi Totonchi, Mohsen Asadi-Lari, Zahra Madjd

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Background & Objective: Talin-1 is a constituent of the multiprotein adhesion complexes that play main role in the formation of tumors and migration in different types of malignancies. The present study aimed to assess expression and prognostic significance of the talin-1 protein in ovarian serous carcinoma (OSC) patients.

Methods: The expression of talin-1 in mRNA and its protein levels were investigated for ovarian cancer (OC) by using bioinformatics tools, including Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2), Gene Expression Database of Normal and Tumor Tissue 2 (GENT2), and The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal (UALCAN) databases. …