Oncology Commons^™

Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression In Mesenteric Adipose Tissue During Acute Experimental Colitis, William Conan Mustain, Marlene E. Starr, Joseph Daniel Valentino, Donald A. Cohen, Daiki Okamura, Chi Wang, B. Mark Evers, Hiroshi Saito

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Production of inflammatory cytokines by mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Animal models of colitis have demonstrated inflammatory changes within MAT, but it is unclear if these changes occur in isolation or as part of a systemic adipose tissue response. It is also unknown what cell types are responsible for cytokine production within MAT. The present study was designed to determine whether cytokine production by MAT during experimental colitis is depot-specific, and also to identify the source of cytokine production within MAT.

METHODS: Experimental colitis was induced in 6-month-old C57BL/6 …

Using Expression Profiling To Understand The Effects Of Chronic Cadmium Exposure On Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cells, Zelmina Lubovac-Pilav, Daniel M. Borras, Esmeralda Ponce, Maggie Louie

Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Cadmium is a metalloestrogen known to activate the estrogen receptor and promote breast cancer cell growth. Previous studies have implicated cadmium in the development of more malignant tumors; however the molecular mechanisms behind this cadmium-induced malignancy remain elusive. Using clonal cell lines derived from exposing breast cancer cells to cadmium for over 6 months (MCF-7-Cd4, -Cd6, -Cd7, -Cd8 and -Cd12), this study aims to identify gene expression signatures associated with chronic cadmium exposure. Our results demonstrate that prolonged cadmium exposure does not merely result in the deregulation of genes but actually leads to a distinctive expression profile. The genes deregulated …

Ewing's Sarcoma Arising From The Adrenal Gland In A Young Male: A Case Report, Muhammad Nauman Zahir, Tayyaba Zehra Ansari, Tariq Moatter, Wasim Memon, Shahid Pervez

Section of Haematology/Oncology

Background: Ewing's sarcoma uncommonly arises from extraosseous soft tissue or parenchymal organs. Primary adrenal Ewing's Sarcoma, although very rare, is extremely aggressive and commonly fatal.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 17 year old Pakistani male was referred to the outpatient oncology clinic at our center with a three month history of concomitant pain, swelling and dragging sensation in the right hypochondrium. Abdominal examination revealed a large, firm mass in the right hypochondrium extending into the right lumbar region and epigastrium. His genital exam was unremarkable and there were no stigmata of hepatic or adrenal disease.Computed tomography scans revealed a large peripherally …

Can Experienced Observers Differentiate Between Lipoma And Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Using Only Mri?, Patrick W. O'Donnell, Anthony M. Griffin, William C. Eward, Amir Sternheim, Lawrence M. White, Jay S. Wunder, Peter C. Ferguson

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Well-differentiated liposarcoma represents a radiographic diagnostic dilemma. To determine the accuracy, interrater reliability, and relationship of stranding, nodularity, and size in the MRI differentiation of lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma, MRI scans of 60 patients with large (>5 cm), deep, pathologically proven lipomas or well-differentiated liposarcomas were examined by 10 observers with subspecialty training blinded to diagnosis. Observers indicated whether the amount of stranding, nodularity, and size of each tumor suggested a benign or malignant diagnosis and rendered a diagnosis of lipoma or well-differentiated liposarcoma. The accuracy, reliability, and relationship of stranding, nodularity, and size to diagnosis were calculated for …

Larynx-Sparing Techniques Using Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy For Oropharyngeal Cancer., Voichita Bar-Ad, Haibo Lin, Wei-Ting Hwang, Curtiland Deville, Pinaki R Dutta, Zelig Tochner, Stefan Both

haibo lin

The purpose of the current study was to explore whether the laryngeal dose can be reduced by using 2 intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques: whole-neck field IMRT technique (WF-IMRT) vs. junctioned IMRT (J-IMRT). The effect on planning target volumes (PTVs) coverage and laryngeal sparing was evaluated. WF-IMRT technique consisted of a single IMRT plan, including the primary tumor and the superior and inferior neck to the level of the clavicular heads. The larynx was defined as an organ at risk extending superiorly to cover the arytenoid cartilages and inferiorly to include the cricoid cartilage. The J-IMRT technique consisted of an …

Effects Of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs On Cellular Structure And Adhesion Proteins In Human Colorectal Cancer, Jason Lee Liggett

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation explores the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proteins related to cellular structure and adhesion. NSAIDs are extensively used not only to treat inflammatory diseases but also to prevent cancer among high-risk groups. Their mechanisms are not fully understood, but both cyclooxygenase (COX) dependent and independent pathways play a role in NSAID-induced anti-tumorigenesis. Our lab previously reported that NSAIDs induce other anti-tumorigenic genes in a COX-independent manner (Chapter 1). Human CRC cells treated with the NSAID sulindac sulfide (SS) showed dramatic morphological changes under differential interference contrast and fluorescent microscopy, as well …

Cxcr2 Expression In Tumor Cells Is A Poor Prognostic Factor And Promotes Invasion And Metastasis In Lung Adenocarcinoma, Erminia Massarelli

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor which mediates signaling by binding to CXC chemokines CXCL1-3 and 5-8. In non-small cell lung cancer CXCR2 has been studied mainly in stromal cells and is known to increase tumor inflammation and angiogenesis. However, there is controversial data in the literature about CXCR2 expression in tumor cells and its role in the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that tumoral expression of CXCR2 and its ligands promote tumor invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. The effect of CXCR2 expression on tumor cells was studied using stable knockdown clones derived from …

Electrotransfer Of Single-Stranded Or Double-Stranded Dna Induces Complete Regression Of Palpable B16.F10 Mouse Melanomas, Loree Heller, Vesba Todorovic, Maja Cemazar

Bioelectrics Publications

Enhanced tumor delivery of plasmid DNA with electric pulses in vivo has been confirmed in many preclinical models. Intratumor electrotransfer of plasmids encoding therapeutic molecules has reached Phase II clinical trials. In multiple preclinical studies, a reduction in tumor growth, increased survival or complete tumor regression have been observed in control groups in which vector or backbone plasmid DNA electrotransfer was performed. This study explores factors that could produce this antitumor effect. The specific electrotransfer pulse protocol employed significantly potentiated the regression. Tumor regression was observed after delivery of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA with or without CpG motifs in both …

City Tumour Board Karachi: An Innovative Step In Multidisciplinary Consensus Meeting And Its Two Years Audit., Asghar Hussain Asghar, Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi, Abid Jamal, Ghulam H, Sadia Rizvi

Department of Medicine

Management of cancer patients is a team work which usually comprises of surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, psychiatrist, nutritionist and a nurse. Any patient who is suffering from any tumour needs a multimodality meeting as cancer treatment is not a single persons job. Most of the time, it is difficult to get the whole team together for a plan discussion due to their busy schedule. This problem was overcome by starting a tumour board meeting early morning of Sunday in Karachi which was named "City Tumour Board (CTB) Karachi". Its first meeting was held on Sunday March 28, 2010 and since …

Characterization Of Prophylactic Antiemetic Regimens In Pediatric Patients Receiving Moderately And Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy, Jessica Degiacomo Pharmd, Kristin M. Held Pharmd, Bcop

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Cell Culture Environment On Expression Of Cd44+, Ki67, And Foxo3a And Its Implications On The Role Of Foxo3a In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Erin Vegter

All Theses

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer, which is known for a high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis. TNBC cells are hypothesized to undergo the cellular processes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). The known prognostic markers CD44+ and Ki67 as well as the transcription factor and proposed tumor suppressor FoxO3a are thought to be indicators of EMT and MET activity in cancer cells. In order to better understand these processes an effective cell culture technique to mimic the tumor environment needs to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine if changing …

Scanned Ion Beam Therapy For Thoracic Tumors, John Gordon Eley

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Although frequently cured of Hodgkin lymphoma, adolescents and young adults can develop radiation induced second cancers. These patients could potentially benefit from scanned ion radiotherapy yet likely would require motion mitigation strategies. In theory, four-dimensional (4D) optimization of ion beam fields for individual motion states of respiration can enable superior sparing of healthy tissue near moving targets, compared to other motion mitigation strategies. Furthermore, carbon-ion therapy can sometimes provide greater relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for cell sterilization in a target but nearly equivalent RBE in tissue upstream of the target, compared to proton therapy. Thus, we expected that for some …

Radiosensitization Of Head & Neck Carcinoma Cells By Linifanib, A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Heng-Wei Hsu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of advanced cancers and promotes invasion and metastasis. Over 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) express angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Since radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for HNSCC, it is imperative to identify the interactions between antiangiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, and to develop combination therapy to improve clinical outcome. The mechanisms between antiangiogenic agents and ionizing radiation are complicated and involve many interactions between the vasculature, tumor stroma and tumor cells. The proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells rely on angiogenesis/blood vessel formation. …

Synthesis Of Novel Ciprofloxacin Analogues And Evaluation Of Their Anti-Proliferative Effect On Human Cancer Cell Lines, Narva Suresh, Hunsur Nagendra Nagesh, Kondapalli Venkata Govri Chandra Sekhar, Anil Kumar, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A series of twenty two novel 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid analogues have been synthesized, characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR and LCMS) and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on the proliferation of human caucasian acute lymphoblastic leukemiacells (CCRF-CEM), breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-468) and human colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116). Among all the synthesized ciprofloxacin analogues 3t at 50 µM showed comparable potency to doxorubicin (10mol) in all three cell lines and 3j inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-468 up to 35% selectively over other two cell lines. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth. Cancer …

Radiogenic Second Cancer Risk Differences In Female Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Treated With Proton Versus Photon Radiotherapies, Kenneth L. Homann

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is the most common cancer diagnosis of young adults in the United States. Advances in curative treatments for HL, including the use of photon radiation therapy (RT) techniques, have increased 10 year survival rates to approximately 90% among young patients. These RT treatments, however, contribute to an increased incidence of radiogenic second cancer (RSC) formation to the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor volume relative to the general population. These RSCs are the leading cause of death among long-term HL survivors. Proton therapy has been shown to reduce the therapeutic dose, and therefore, the risk of developing a …

The Effect Of Marriage On Stage At Diagnosis And Survival In Women With Cervical Cancer, Sanae El Ibrahimi

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Marriage is associated with improved health outcomes for many conditions. Married persons enjoy financial stability, social and emotional support, and tend to have better control of health risk behaviors compared to the unmarried. The marriage scene is changing continuously. Americans are marrying less or delaying the engagement to an older age. They are divorcing more, they choose cohabitation as an alternative to marriage, or engage in premarital relationships. As a consequence, barely half of Americans were married in 2011 compared to close to three quarters of Americans were married in the sixties. With the increase of the unmarried population - …

Targeting Cell Cycle And Hormone Receptor Pathways In Cancer., C E S Comstock, M A Augello, J F Goodwin, R De Leeuw, M J Schiewer, W F Ostrander, R A Burkhart, A K Mcclendon, Peter Mccue, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, Leonard G Gomella, Md, M M Centenera, Jonathan Brody, Md, L M Butler, W D Tilley, K E Knudsen, Phd

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/retinoblastoma (RB)-axis is a critical modulator of cell cycle entry and is aberrant in many human cancers. New nodes of therapeutic intervention are needed that can delay or combat the onset of malignancies. The antitumor properties and mechanistic functions of PD-0332991 (PD; a potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor) were investigated using human prostate cancer (PCa) models and primary tumors. PD significantly impaired the capacity of PCa cells to proliferate by promoting a robust G1-arrest. Accordingly, key regulators of the G1-S cell cycle transition were modulated including G1 cyclins D, E and A. Subsequent investigation demonstrated the ability …

Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Prospective Cohort Study From Pakistan, Abdul Sattar Shaikh, Ali Faisal Saleem, Shazia Samad Mohsin, Muhammad Matloob Alam, Mehnaz Atiq Ahmed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objectives: To identify anthracycline-induced acute (within 1 month) and early-onset chronic progressive (within 1 year) cardiotoxicity in children younger than 16 years of age with childhood malignancies at a tertiary care centre of Pakistan.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Participants: 110 children (aged 1 month–16 years).

Intervention: Anthracycline (doxorubicin and/or daunorubicin).

Outcome measurements: All children who received anthracycline as chemotherapy and three echocardiographic evaluations (baseline, 1 month and 1 year) between July 2010 and June 2012 were prospectively analysed for cardiac dysfunction. Statistical analysis including systolic and diastolic functions at baseline, 1 month and 1 …

Intestinal Gucy2c Prevents Tgf-Β Secretion Coordinating Desmoplasia And Hyperproliferation In Colorectal Cancer., Ahmara V Gibbons, Jieru Egeria Lin, Gilbert Won Kim, Glen P Marszalowicz, Peng Li, Brian Arthur Stoecker, Erik S Blomain, Satish Rattan, Adam E. Snook, Stephanie Schulz, Scott A Waldman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process that reflects intimate reciprocal interactions between epithelia and underlying stroma. However, tumor-initiating mechanisms coordinating transformation of both epithelial and stromal components are not defined. In humans and mice, initiation of colorectal cancer is universally associated with loss of guanylin and uroguanylin, the endogenous ligands for the tumor suppressor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), disrupting a network of homeostatic mechanisms along the crypt-surface axis. Here, we reveal that silencing GUCY2C in human colon cancer cells increases Akt-dependent TGF-β secretion, activating fibroblasts through TGF-β type I receptors and Smad3 phosphorylation. In turn, activating TGF-β signaling induces fibroblasts to …

Hrs Promotes Ubiquitination And Mediates Endosomal Trafficking Of Smoothened In Drosophila Hedgehog Signaling, Jun-Kai Fan, Kai Jiang, Yajuan Liu, Jianhang Jia

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

In Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) acts as a signal transducer that is regulated by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and cell surface accumulation. However, it is not clear how Smo cell surface accumulation and intracellular trafficking are regulated. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of Hrs by deletion or RNAi accumulates Smo in the late endosome that is marked by late endosome markers. Inactivation of Hrs enhances the wing defects caused by dominant-negative Smo. We show that Hrs promotes Smo ubiquitination, deleting the ubiquitin-interacting-motif (UIM) in Hrs abolishes the ability of Hrs to regulate Smo ubiquitination. However, the UIM domain …

The Third International Inflammatory Breast Cancer Conference., Kenneth L Van Golen, Massimo Cristofanilli

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive and deadly form of breast cancer. Disease-specific research and conferences have been organized since 2008 with the intent to bring together experts in various disciplines. This report focus on the Third International IBC Conference held in Philadelphia on December 2012.

Feasibility Of Improving Cone-Beam Ct Number Consistency Using A Scatter Correction Algorithm., Jun Li, Weiguang Yao, Ying Xiao, Yan Yu

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The study was to explore the feasibility of improving cone-beam CT (CBCT) number (corresponding to the Hounsfield units in computed tomography) consistency using a scatter-correction algorithm, with the aim of using CBCT images for treatment planning with density correction. A scatter correction algorithm was applied to a Varian OBI CBCT and an Elekta XVI CBCT, and was evaluated for improving CBCT number consistency. CBCT numbers of phantom materials were compared between images with and without bolus, which introduced additional scatter, and with and without scatter correction processing. It was observed that CBCT numbers were different in the images with and …

Outcomes Of Peginterferon Alfa-2a And Ribavirin Combination Therapy In A Resident-Initiated, Multidisciplinary, Hepatitis C Clinic, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Erini Vasiliadis Do, K Nadeem Ahmed Md, Suzanne J. Templer Do, Edward R. Norris Md, Fapa, Fapm, Charles M. Brooks Md, Eric J. Gertner Md, Mph, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp

Edward R Norris MD, FAPA, FAPM

No abstract provided.

Oncology Section Task Force On Breast Cancer Outcomes: Scapular Assessment, Mary Insana Fisher, Pamela K. Levangie

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Functional deficits and changes in scapular mechanics following breast cancer (BC) treatments have been documented. Scapular assessment is important when examining the shoulder in survivors of breast cancer to document the need for or effectiveness of physical therapy intervention. The Oncology Section Task Force on Breast Cancer Outcomes sought to identify scapular examination tools that can be recommended for routine use in individuals treated for BC.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature on scapular measures was conducted. Relevant studies were examined for psychometric properties and clinical usefulness. Each method was given a recommendation score based on the Breast …

Oncology Section Task Force On Breast Cancer Outcomes: An Introduction To The Edge Task Force And Clinical Measures Of Upper Extremity Function, Pamela K. Levangie, Mary Insana Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

With the proliferation of outcome measures in the literature, many of which lack documentation of sufficient psychometric properties to justify use, it is difficult to document patient change or demonstrate effectiveness of interventions. The goal of the Section on Research’s EDGE (Evaluation Database to Guide Effectiveness) Task Force is to facilitate identification of valid and reliable tests and measures that reflect clinically important outcomes and are responsive to change for standard use across selected patient groups. This paper lays the groundwork for understanding the work of the Oncology Section’s Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force on clinical measures of shoulder function …

Nfkb Disrupts Tissue Polarity In 3d By Preventing Integration Of Microenvironmental Signals, Sabine Becker-Weimann, Gaofeng Xiong, Saori Furuta, Ju Han, Irene Kuhn, Uri-David Akavia, Dana Pe'er, Mina J. Bissell, Ren Xu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The microenvironment of cells controls their phenotype, and thereby the architecture of the emerging multicellular structure or tissue. We have reported more than a dozen microenvironmental factors whose signaling must be integrated in order to effect an organized, functional tissue morphology. However, the factors that prevent integration of signaling pathways that merge form and function are still largely unknown. We have identified nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) as a transcriptional regulator that disrupts important microenvironmental cues necessary for tissue organization. We compared the gene expression of organized and disorganized epithelial cells of the HMT-3522 breast cancer progression series: the non-malignant …

Ebp Fellows²: A Model For Sharing Science In The Oncology Setting And Beyond..., Elena Brinker Rn, Laura Herbener Rn, Ocn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Oncolog, Volume 58, Number 11-12, November - December 2013, Amelia Scholtz, Bryan Tutt, Luanne Jorewicz, K Stuyck

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues)

• Paget Disease of the Breast: A Rare, Often Misdiagnosed Malignancy: A small, scaling rash around the nipple may not be just another case of eczema or dermatitis. Paget disease of the breast, a rare malignancy, is often mistaken for a benign dermatological condition. But Paget disease typically indicates underlying ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer
• New Partial-Breast Radiation Therapy Regimen Uses Protons: Whole-or partial-breast radiation therapy can reduce a patient's chance of brest cancer recurrence after lumpectomy, but this benefit must be weighed against the risk of damage to healthy tissue
• Managing Dental Complications in Patients with Head …

Diabetes Care Management During Cancer Treatment, Gregory R. Harper Md, Phd, Janelle M. Sharma Dnp, Crnp, Cara Habeck Rn, Cde, Cathy A. Coyne Phd, Mph, Hope Kincaid Mph, Cph, Roya Hamadani Mph, Ada M. Rivera Mba, Cph, Gretchen Perilli Md, Nicole R. Sully Do

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Thoracic Multidisciplinary Clinic (Tmdc) And The Treatment Of Stage Iii Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Eliot L. Friedman Md, Michael F. Szwerc Md, Robert Kruklitis Md, Michael J. Weiss

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.