Medical Specialties Commons^™

Effectiveness And Safety Of Moisturizing Wash And Cream In The Treatment Of Elderly Xerosis Cutis, Lili Legiawati, Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya, Rinadewi Astriningrum, Fathirah Rahmatiah Puteri, Nabila Chalisya Ilyas

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: The skin undergoes degenerative and metabolic changes with aging, increasing susceptibility to dermatological conditions. Xerosis cutis, characterized by rough, scaly skin on the lower legs, is the most common cause of pruritus in elderly patients, with a prevalence of 38–85%. Treating xerosis cutis is challenging due to its multifactorial causes, especially in the elderly. Moisturizers remain the primary and most effective treatment, providing convenience and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of QV Intensive Moisturizing Cleanser™️ and QV Intensive Cream™️ (Ego Pharmaceuticals, Australia), which contain humectants, emollients, and occlusives.

Case Illustration: This observational case series involved six …

The Recurrence Of Bowen’S Disease After Topical 5% 5-Fluorouracil Cream Application: A Systematic Review, Mohammad Agassi Antoniman, Ika Anggraini

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Bowen’s disease (BD) may develop into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), which can spread to other parts of the body. 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream is commonly used for topical therapy on BD; however, the frequency and duration of treatment per cycle have not been standardized. This systematic review aimed to identify the most effective frequency and duration of 5% 5-FU treatment for achieving complete clearance or minimal recurrence.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using three electronic databases (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024607488): MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus. The articles were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question. Appraisals were …

Association Between Gonial Angle And Mandibular Residual Ridge Resorption In Implant-Overdenture Patients, Pl Ranganayakidevi S Palaniappan, Norsiah Yunus, Norliza Ibrahim, Siti Fauzza Ahmad, Anitha Krishnan

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: The gonial angle could be one of the contributing factors for the continuous bone resorption in edentulous persons. This study aimed to examine the association between the gonial angle and RRR in edentulous patients receiving mandibular implant-supported overdenture (ISOD) and to compare different gonial angle measuring techniques. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with opposing mandibular ISOD and maxillary full dentures were recruited. The proportional area index was used to calculate the posterior RRR. Orthopantomographs (OPGs) pre- and four years post-implant insertion were compared. Comparison of the gonial angle measurements was made on 5 patients using four measurement methods: (i) Two different …

Pengaruh Aerobic Low Impact Exercise Terhadap Fungsi Kognitif Lansia Dengan Risiko Demensia Di Sasana Tresna Werdha Cibubur Tahun 2025, Nur Achirda, Liza Laela Abida, Kania Annisa Zahra

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Background: Entering old age, the elderly often face various problems, one of which is impaired cognitive function. Some factors that influence the decline in cognitive abilities in the elderly include gender, education level, occupation, nutritional status, and comorbidities that can interfere with the nervous system, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The problem of dementia in the elderly is an important concern that requires effective prevention and treatment. Dementia in the elderly can include several aspects, such as orientation, registration, attention and calculation, memory, and language. Physiotherapy has an important role in maintaining and improving body movement function, so that …

Pengaruh Deep Neck Flexor Exercise Terhadap Neck Pain Non-Specific Pada Penjahit, Salwa Maylani, Fendy Nugroho, Yoni Rustiana

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Background: tailors tend to bow for a long time which results in excessive activation of the postural muscles in maintaining the position of the neck which causes weakness, decreased activity, and muscle imbalance which results in pain in the neck area. In overcoming these disorders, the intervention that can be given is deep neck flexor exercise. Objective: to determine the effect of deep neck flexor exercise on non-specific neck pain in tailors. Methods: this study used an experimental one group pre and post test with control design which was carried out in May-July 2024 at PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile …

Kecemasan Orang Tua Yang Memiliki Anak Disabilitas Intelektual Di Slbn 4 Jakarta, Hermito Gidion, Purnama Betty Sitorus, Zahrah Nabila Humayrah

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Anxiety is a common mental condition characterized by feelings of nervousness, fear, and restlessness that can interfere with daily life. Parents who have children with intellectual disabilities often experience anxiety due to various factors, including psychological pressure and high emotional burdens. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of anxiety among parents who have children with intellectual disabilities at SLBN 4 Jakarta and to identify the relationship between predisposing and precipitating factors and the level of anxiety. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 81 parents at SLBN 4 …

Hubungan Alignment Knee Joint Terhadap Kecepatan Berlari Pada Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun, Rifka Alifia Haura, Miranti Yolanda Anggita, Abdul Chalik Meidian

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Alignment Knee joint alignment is a critical component in the biomechanical analysis of the body, particularly in locomotor activities such as running. Imbalance or malalignment in the knee joint can disrupt movement patterns and increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. In pediatric physiotherapy, early identification of lower limb posture is essential to support optimal gross motor development. This study aims to examine the relationship between knee joint alignment and running speed in children aged 4–6 years. A crosssectional design was used, involving 45 children who met the inclusion criteria. Measurement of knee alignment was performed using a goniometer to assess …

Pengaruh Biofeedback Terhadap Program Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot, Aditya Johan Romadhon, Fendy Nugroho, Pajar Haryatno

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Background: In sport the muscle fiber composition surely affect athlete performances, selective training technic and using advance technology may improve and set a new standards for athlete optimal performances, technology innovation such as computer simulator has been use to generate realistic match simulation in several sport, but the technology is not cheap that many sport clubs can afford, so biofeedback may become innovation to improve athletes performance by monitoring muscle activation to achieve selective muscle contraction in muscle strengthening programs. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether auditory feedback as biofeedback can improve muscle activation in a …

Hubungan Frailty Dengan Kesintasan Satu Tahun Pada Pasien Lanjut Usia Dengan Tumor Padat Ganas Stadium Lanjut, Trian Satrio, Aulia Rizka, Findy Prasetyawaty, Alvina Widhani, Noto Dwimartutie, Rm Suryo Anggoro, Mira Yulianti, Dono Antono

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Frailty is characterized by a multisystem physiological decline that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with advanced-stage solid malignancies. The association between frailty and one-year survival in older adults with solid malignancies in Indonesia has not yet been established. This study aimed to assess the association between frailty status and one-year survival in elderly patients with advanced-stage solid tumors.

Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta utilizing patient data from a previous study conducted between November 2020 and 2021. Subjects were cancer patients aged …

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hemodialisis Reguler, Shofi 'Ainun Azzahra Br Manurung, Bayu Rusfandi Nasution, Imelda Rey

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the renal replacement therapies commonly used in patients with end-stage renal disease. Patients undergoing hemodialysis typically exhibit lower levels of physical activity compared to inactive yet healthy individuals. A decline in physical function and muscular strength may impair the ability to perform daily activities, ultimately affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and quality of life among hemodialysis patients at Rumah Sakit Khusus Ginjal Rasyida Medan.

Methods. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 50 respondents undergoing hemodialysis therapy …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gejala Depresi Pada Pasien Insomnia Usia Lanjut Di Rawat Jalan, Amalia Nur Pratiwi, Edy Rizal Wahyudi, Profitasari Kusumaningrum, Hamzah Shatri, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Rino Alvani Gani, Ika Prasetya Wijaya, Adityo Susilo, Kaka Renaldi

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The elderly population is increasing globally, including in Indonesia, where 10.7% of the population in 2020 were elderly. Insomnia is a common health issue among older adults and has been identified as a predictor of depression. This study aims to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly outpatients with insomnia.

Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on patients aged ≥60 years at the outpatient unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia, using consecutive sampling to select participants. Elderly patients were screened using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and those with a score …

Penggunaan Continous Glucose Monitoring Pada Pasien Dm Tipe 2 Dengan Insulin Dosis Tinggi, Amanda Trixie Hardigaloeh, Dicky Tahapary, Em Yunir, Tri Juli Edi Tarigan

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with a high risk of complications, requiring optimal glycemic control. This case report aims to describe the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the evaluation of a patient with T2DM and obesity whose glycemic levels remained uncontrolled despite high-dose insulin therapy. A 58-year-old woman with an 18-year history of T2DM presented to the Endocrinology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with uncontrolled blood glucose accompanied by classic diabetic symptoms. CGM revealed that the majority of glucose levels were within the time above range (TAR) at 83% without hypoglycemia, while the time …

Kerentanan Dan Kanker Pada Usia Lanjut: Sebuah Tantangan, Rahmat Cahyanur

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Hubungan Faktor Psikologis Dengan Atrium Fibrilasi: Suatu Tinjauan Kepustakaan, Arina Widya Murni, Annesa Fadella

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Psychological factors influence the onset of cardiac rhythm and dysrhythmia disorders, including atrial fibrillation (AF), which is defined as uncoordinated atrial activation resulting in ineffective contractions. Psychological factors have a bidirectional relationship with AF, as AF symptoms can lead to a decline in mental health, which in turn negatively affects the clinical course. One explanation for how psychological stress impacts the heart and contributes to AF involves the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities in AF. These conditions can be assessed using standardized instruments, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale …

Hubungan Hiperurisemia Dengan Penurunan Lfg Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Diabetes Di Rscm Jakarta, Rury Maharani Adna, Maruhum Bonar Hasiholan Marbun, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Em Yunir, Sukamto Koesnoe, Gurmeet Singh, Robert Sinto

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with the progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), through mechanisms involving endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Research in Indonesia on the relationship between uric acid levels and the decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients remains limited. This study aimed to determine the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and decline in glomerular filtration rate among patients with diabetes mellitus diagnosed with diabetic kidney disease at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, over a one-year period.

Methods. This retrospective cohort study …

Pengaruh Heart Rate Variability Terhadap Kesintasan Pasien Dengan Kanker: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti, Kartika Anastasia Kosasih, Nida Raniah, Rudi Putranto, Wulyo Rajabto, Hamzah Shatri, Edward Faisal, Vinandya Irvianita Poespitasari

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Depression, anxiety, and poor outcomes in cancer are possibly mediated by autonomic dysfunction. Autonomic disfunction found in cancer patients can cause increase in sympathetic tone and decrease in cardiac muscle vagal tone. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive index for measuring vagal response and a potential stress response in autonomic dysfunction. In patients with cancer, high vagal tone measured by HRV is significantly correlated with increased overall survival. This evidence-based case report aims to investigate the role of HRV as a prognostic factor in cancer patients. Literature search was done by two authors on five databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, …

Hubungan Visceral Adiposity Index Dengan Neuropati Diabetik Perifer Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Muhammad Arif Sanusi, Dian Anindita Lubis, Santi Syafril

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the leading metabolic disease in Indonesia. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a major complication of T2DM, was associated with insulin resistance and adipose dysfunction. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a tool to measure visceral fat as the indicator of adipose dysfunction and insulin sensitivity. The association between VAI and DPN has not been widely researched, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the association between them.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with T2DM at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from December 2024 …

Artificial Intelligence For Detecting Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash), Muhammad Wildan Gifari, Yogi Ramadhani, Dhadhang Wahyu Kurniawan

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory disease of the liver, has recently raised concern among healthcare professionals worldwide due to its asymptomatic features, making early diagnosis challenging. If left unnoticed, NASH often progresses to lethal diseases such as liver fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) might facilitate the early diagnosis of NASH in a more efficient manner, forming a promising strategy to diagnose patients. In simple terms, AI is any machine that is capable of human-level intelligence, including visual perception, speech recognition, or decision making. A subclass of AI, which particularly deals with knowledge-based …

Mortalitas Pada Pasien Hemodialisis: Masih Menjadi Tantangan Globa, Anandhara Indriani Indriani Khumaedi, Dina Elita

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Massa Otot, Kekuatan Otot, Dan Performa Fisik Pada Lansia, Nur Riviati, Taufik Indrajaya, Rukiah Chodilawati, Ridzqie Dibyantari, Bima Indra

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on health, comprehensive studies are still needed to explore the factors affecting sarcopenia parameters, such as muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing sarcopenia parameters in the elderly, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2022 on elderly individuals (>60 years old) at the Geriatric Polyclinic, Moh. Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, selected through consecutive sampling. Muscle mass was measured using bioimpedance analysis, expressed in ASMI values; muscle strength was measured …

Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kematian Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Pada Usia Dewasa Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Reguler Di Provinsi Lampung, Joue Abraham Trixie Latupeirissa, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Muhamad Zulfikar Hadiaturahman, Steven Sapta Putra Sinaga

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Although mortality among adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on regular hemodialysis remains infrequent within the first three months, it is still a potential outcome. Given that hemodialysis is required for life, identifying risk factors for mortality is critical. This study aims to examine risk factors associated with mortality in adult CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis.

Methods. A case-control study, without matching, was conducted using medical record data from adult CKD patients (≥18 years) receiving regular hemodialysis between 2022 and 2024 at three hospitals (types A, B, and C) in Lampung Province. The case group consisted of …

Gejala Neuropsikiatri Pasien Hiv Setelah Menjalani Transisi Antiretrovirus Nevirapin Ke Dolutegravir Di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Metra Adi Pratama, Rudi Putranto, Herqutanto Herqutanto, Aisyah Syahrani, Aljira Fitya Hapsari, Veritea Natali, Meivina Ramadhani Pane, Evy Yunihastuti

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Dolutegravir (DTG) is one of the effective antiretroviral therapies (ART) for suppressing HIV replication and has a favorable safety profile. However, reports regarding neuropsychiatric side effects, especially in patients transitioning from a nevirapine (NVP) regimen to dolutegravir, have started to emerge. This study aimed to describe the changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms before and after the transition from a NVP-based ARV regimen to DTG in HIV patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta.

Methods. This study employed a prospective cohort design involving 292 HIV patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who were transitioning from NVP to DTG regimen. Participants …

Peran Prediktif Il-6, Il-10, Dan Tnf-Α Plasma Terhadap Gagal Ginjal Akut Pada Pasien Dengan Covid-19 Derajat Sedang Dan Berat, Dewi Gathmyr, Maruhum Bonar H Bonar, Adityo Susilo, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ginova Nainggolan, Alvin Tagor, Hamzah Shatri, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, Zulkifli Amin

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients due to inflammation and immune dysregulation. This study aimed to correlate serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α with serum creatinine changes and their roles to predict incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.

Methods. This prospective cohort study was conducted among patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 in Pertamina Central Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia during November 2020 to January 2021. All serum levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and creatinine were collected on the first day and …

Korelasi Stenosis Penyakit Arteri Perifer Di Bawah Lutut Dengan Kecepatan Hantar Saraf Pada Penyandang Neuropati Perifer Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Akbarbudhi Antono, Dono Antono, Birry Karim, Manfaluthy Hakim, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Dyah Purnamasari Sulistianingsih, Eka Ginanjar, Erni Juwita Nelwan, Pringgodigdo Nugroho

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. One consequence of DM is the emergence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a complication of diabetes that presents signs and symptoms of motor and sensory disturbances, while PAD is an atherosclerosis condition that gradually develops in the arterial vessels. This study aimed to determine correlation of arterial obstruction assessed using arteriography and the nerve impairment assessed using nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in DM patients with PAD and DPN.

Methods. This is a cross-sectional study that takes secondary data from previous research conducted from July 2018 to June 2021 …

Laporan Kasus Hipokalemi Periodik Paralisis Pada Pasien Dengan Graves’ Disease, Anggi Cahaya Millenia S Sirait, Borries Foresto Buharman, Adinda Zhafira Dyanti Putri, Derby Ayudhia Utami Iskandar Putri

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Hypokalemia periodic paralysis (HPP) characterized by episodes of flaccid weakness or paralysis that may be associated with abnormalities of the serum potassium level. HPP often associated with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease. HPP prevalence is 1 in 100.000. Each individual has different clinical manifestations, so it’s necessary to adjust therapy based on the etiology. This case report was developed to provide more information regarding Graves’ disease, considering lack of information about management and description of HPP with Graves’ disease. A 27-year-old male with sudden weakness in both legs radiating to upper extremity, shortness of breath, palpitations, and sweating. Over the last …

Pemberian Asupan Kalori Terestriksi Vs. Asupan Kalori Standar Yang Berlanjut Pada Pasien Penyakit Kritis Dengan Refeeding Syndrome: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti, Sukma Hapsari, Rabbinu Rangga Pribadi

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Refeeding syndrome is a different clinical symptom and metabolic disorder that occur during the reintroduction of nutrition in chronically malnourished patients. Calorie restriction can increase survival and reduce mortality rates. This evidence-based case report was developed to examine the influence of caloric restriction on mortality, morbidity, and duration of critical illness. A literature search was performed using PubMed, EBSCOHost, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane with the keywords: “critically ill,” “restricted caloric intake,” “standard caloric intake,” “mortality,” “morbidity,” and “duration”. Articles were appraised using the University of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) tools. Two studies met the inclusion criteria. The first was …

Tata Laksana Fraktur Panggul Pada Geriatri: Sudut Pandang Internis, Laila M. Jannah, Noto Dwimartutie

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Hip fracture are a common issue in geriatric patients, associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The complex and multimorbid characteristics of geriatric patients presents significant challenge in their management. Optimal outcomes require a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to care, aiming to restore functional status and reduce postoperative complications. A holistic strategy, grounded in thorough Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), is essential to guide individualized treatment and ensure effective, patient-centered management.

The Benefits Of Infrared Therapy, Mirror Exercise, And Faradic Current In A Patient With Bell’S Palsy: Case Study, Dhyan Rachmawati, Sugiono -, Fendy Nugroho, Noerdjanah -

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Background: Bell’s Palsy is defined as paralysis of one side of the facial nerve, with an unknown cause. Several other conditions can also cause facial paralysis, such as brain tumors, stroke, myasthenia gravis, and Lyme disease. However, if no specific cause can be identified, this condition is known as Bell’s Palsy, which is caused by swelling and pressure on the nerve at the stylomastoid foramen, leading to nerve compression or damage. Often, the affected side’s eye cannot be closed. Physiotherapy management plays a vital role in the rehabilitation process for Bell’s Palsy patients to reduce symptoms, accelerate recovery, and …

The Effectiveness Of The Addition Of Slow Deep Breathing To Brain Gym Exercise On Cognitive Impairment Of The Elderly, Dhia Maharani Ms, Mohammad Ali Mr, Zahra Sativani Mrs

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Background: According to WHO, 65.5 million elderly people worldwide have impaired cognitive function. Cognitive impairment can be caused by impaired oxygen supply to the brain, stress, and lack of physical activity. Physiotherapy has a role in elderly cognition through interventions to improve cognition, namely in the form of Brain Gym Exercise with the addition of Slow Deep Breathing. Objective: Knowing the effectiveness of the addition of Slow Deep Breathing to Brain Gym Exercise on cognitive impairment of the elderly at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 4. Methods: This study used quasi experimental with two group pre-post …

Efektivitas Senam Hamil Dalam Mengurangi Tingkat Stres Dan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester Iii: Literature Review, Suyati Suwito, Dini Nur Alpiah

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

According to WHO (2020), around 10% of pregnant women experience depression and this condition is higher in developing countries, reaching 15.6% during pregnancy and 19.8% after giving birth. Anxiety experienced during pregnancy can have negative effects on both the mother and the fetus. These negative impacts are not only during pregnancy but can also affect the labor process and lactation period. There are various types of sports to reduce anxiety, one of which is gymnastics. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pregnancy gymnastics in reducing stress and anxiety before childbirth. Literature review research was conducted using PICO search …