Medical Specialties Commons^™

Efektivitas Massage Endorphin Untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan Pada Ibu Hamil Menjelang Persalinan, Widiya Saryani, Dini Nur Alpiah

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Pregnancy is a biological process involving complex physiological and psychological transitions that demand high adaptability from women, especially approaching childbirth. Anxiety during the third trimester is frequently reported and is associated with increased cortisol secretion, which may negatively impact labor effectiveness. This literature review aimed to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of endorphin massage in reducing anxiety among pregnant women in the third trimester. The review used a systematic approach based on the PICO framework, covering studies published between 2021 and 2025. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SINTA were used to identify quasi-experimental studies comparing endorphin massage …

Peningkatan Keterampilan Makan Pada Anak Down Syndrome Melalui Terapi Okupasi Berbasis Sensory Integration: Studi Kasus, Reza Nur Arsyi, Tambunan Seselia Thresagloria, Muhammad Luthfi, Ayleen Alicia K, Hermito Gideon

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Children with Down Syndrome (DS) frequently experience feeding difficulties due to hypotonia, sensory processing disorder, and oromotor impairments. This case study aimed to describe the clinical reasoning and effectiveness of a sensory integration (SI)-based occupational therapy intervention in improving feeding skills in a 10-year-old child with DS. The intervention consisted of 12 structured sessions focusing on postural stability, proprioceptive awareness, fine motor control, and oromotor coordination. Evaluation tools included Sensory Profile 2 and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Post-intervention outcomes indicated significant improvement in spoon use, posture during mealtime, texture tolerance, and self-feeding independence. FIM scores improved from total assistance …

Efektivitas Latihan Aerobik Dalam Mengurangi Gejala Depresi: Literature Review, Putra Adytio Giriyoga, Dini Nur Alpiah

Jurnal Fisioterapi Terapan Indonesia

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders worldwide and can significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Various treatment approaches have been implemented, with one of the most noteworthy being non-pharmacological interventions in the form of aerobic exercise. This study aims to review the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in reducing depressive symptoms. This research is a narrative literature review, in which 3,610 articles were initially identified and then filtered based on inclusion-exclusion criteria, resulting in 8 articles. After eliminating duplicates, further screening was conducted through critical appraisal. The final selection of 8 articles was reviewed. The findings …

Correlation Between Drug-Related Problems And The Treatment Cost For Geriatric Ischemic Stroke Patients In Tulungagung, Dhanang Prawira Nugraha, Martanty Aditya

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Ischemic stroke was one of the diseases that frequently occurred in geriatric patients, while hemorrhagic stroke had a higher prevalence. Geriatric patients who experienced a stroke were not exempt from drug-related problems (DRP) due to the complexity of treatment and comorbid factors they encountered. This study aimed to determine the correlation between DRP and the cost of care for ischemic stroke patients, particularly in the geriatric population. The study design was cross-sectional, with data collected retrospectively, and the sample comprised 53 geriatric stroke patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. DRP was assessed using the PCNE 6.2 criteria, and …

Psoriasis Genomics: A Review, Magna Hutasuhut, Windy Keumala Budianti, Wresti Indriatmi, Mirawati Setyorini

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Psoriasis is a dermatological condition influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, environmental triggers, as well as immune responses. Genomics refers to the study of individual genes (genomes) and their interactions with environmental influences. In the context of psoriasis genomics, the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors contributes to the manifestation and variations of the disease. With advancements in molecular genotyping technology and genome-wide association studies (GWASs), researchers have identified 50 genetic markers linked to psoriasis.

Discussion: Several genetic loci associated with psoriasis have been identified, including PSORS 1-15. The genetics of psoriasis is also linked to its onset, …

Factors Associated With The Severity Of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reactions, Ita Anggraini, Prima Kartika Esti, Eka Komarasari

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy reactions, including erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), are induced by immune responses. ENL can cause neurological damage and deformities that result in disabilities. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the severity of ENL to help control the leprosy reactions.

Methods: This was an analytical study on 148 patients with ENL reactions, who were divided into two groups based on the severity of their reactions. A retrospective cross–sectional study was conducted in the medical record unit of Sitanala Hospital, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, from May 2022 to …

Effectiveness Of 5% Channa Striata Extract Gel In Wound Healing: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Yulia Farida Yahya, Yuli Kurniawati, Erial Bahar, Theresia Lumban Toruan, Soenarto Kartowigno, Muhammad Izazi Hari Purwoko, Tiar Marina Octyvani

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Snakehead fish (Channa striata, CS) has traditionally been used in Indonesia as a nutrient to promote wound healing. It contains protein highly similar to human protein, which may be involved in wound healing via biological pathways. We aim to determine the effectiveness of the topical 5% CS extract gel in promoting wound healing.

Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from June to August 2022 at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. We allocated 32 post-skin surgery participants with grade I acute superficial wounds on the face, neck, …

Topical Application Of Exosomes In A Patient With Acne Conglobata: A Case Report, Theressia Handayani, Stefani Luziani

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Acne conglobata (AC) is a rare and severe acne characterized by interconnected nodules, cysts, and abscesses. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) have immunosuppressive properties that alleviate inflammation and immunological reactions. We present a case of AC in a patient who received topical administration of exosomes.

Case Illustration: A 20-year-old male was diagnosed with AC, presenting as inflammatory papules and cysts covered with yellowish crusts that had been present for five months. Exosomes (ASCE+®, Seoul, South Korea) were topically administered at a dose of 5 mL, applied evenly to the face. The patient underwent three treatment sessions, with a …

Herpes Zoster Reactivation Following Covid-19 Mrna Vaccination In An Elderly Patient: A Case Report, Ratu Siti Khadijah Sarah, Yari Castiliani Hapsari, Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya, Eliza Miranda, Sarah Qanita Edwar

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in nerve ganglia may reactivate into herpes zoster infection. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine is suspected of triggering VZV reactivation, although the exact cause is unclear. This case report aims to raise awareness of the potential complications induced by the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, particularly in elderly patients.

Case Illustration: A 62-year-old woman complained of itchy and painful unilateral dermatomal herpetiform blisters six days after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. The vesicle first appeared on the left breast, spreading to the back. The patient has a history of hypertension. After the administration of 800 mg of acyclovir five …

Serial Excision Of A Nevus Sebaceous Of Jadassohn On The Scalp, Belladikna Brillianty Sugiatno, Arif Widiatmoko, Adinda Amalia Dani, Diah Prabawati Retnani

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (NSJ) is a non-hereditary hamartoma of the skin’s adnexal structures. The incidence of NSJ in newborns is estimated at 0.1-0.3% with no gender or ethnic propensity. Surgical excision is a common treatment for NSJ, although there is no definite consensus on the timing or recommendations for the removal. This article aims to present the advantages of serial excision therapy in a case of NSJ.

Case Illustration: A 14-year-old male presented with a complaint of a bump on the scalp since birth, which had progressively enlarged during puberty. Dermatological examination revealed a well-demarcated, yellow-orange …

Validity And Reliability Of The Indonesian Version Of Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire 2002 (Nosq-2002), Listya Paramita, Fajar Waskito, Dikky Prawiratama, Niken Indrastuti, Tuntas Rayinda, Sri Awalia Febriana

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Epidemiological data on occupational hand eczema in Indonesia is still limited, partly because there are no valid and reliable instruments in the Indonesian language as a means of survey. This study aims to translate the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire 2002 (NOSQ-2002) into the Indonesian language and assess the validity and reliability of the Indonesian NOSQ-2002 as an instrument for epidemiological surveys and screening of occupational hand eczema.

Methods: The original English version of NOSQ-2002 was translated into the Indonesian language following the standard procedure of translation. The Indonesian NOSQ-2002 version, which had been collectively approved, was subsequently completed by …

Comparing Sodium Fusidate And Petrolatum For Electrosurgery-Related Wound Healing: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Firman Parrol, Larisa Paramitha Wibawa, Irma Bernadette Simbolon Sitohang, Siti Rizny Fitriana Saldi

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Electrosurgery is a common surgical technique used to treat skin tumors. This procedure produces necrotic skin, which might impair the wound healing process, prompting physicians to prescribe topical antibiotics to prevent infection. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of sodium fusidate ointment compared to petrolatum for wound healing after electrosurgery.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled study with a within-person design. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects with seborrheic keratosis or acrochordon with a size of 4 mm to 10 mm on the face and neck, with a minimum of 2 lesions. Electrodessication was performed on the …

Combination Of 1064 Nm Qs Nd:Yag Photoacoustic Technology And Exosome For Facial Rejuvenation, Stanley Setiawan, Samuel Septrian Putranto, Angela Maria Linata, Stephanie Salim, Novia Sari Andriati Mertosono, Shelly Nobel, Flora Asri Wardianti, Ita Anggraini, Zulaikha Rizqina Rahmawati

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Facial rejuvenation has become a global trend in cosmetic and aesthetic dermatology to restore youthful skin. The combination of 1064 nm Q-Switched Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser and exosomes as a facial rejuvenation procedure restores youthfulness by increasing collagen and elastin.

Case Illustration: This case series evaluated the effectiveness of 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser with and without human amniotic fluid stem cell-derived exosomes (hAFSC-exo) for facial rejuvenation in six adults aged 24–39 years with Fitzpatrick skin types III-IV. Participants were randomized to receive either laser treatment alone or combined with intradermal hAFSC-exo injections every two weeks for …

Skin Rejuvenation With Microbotox: A Review, Ifen Ayu Malinda, Nelva Karmila Jusuf

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Skin aging is characterized by a gradual loss of tissue and organ function. Skin aging can be classified into two types: intrinsic aging, associated with the aging process itself, and extrinsic aging, which is linked to external factors. Microbotox—an intradermal injection of diluted botulinum toxin—has emerged as a promising technique for rejuvenation by improving skin texture, pore size, and sebum control. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the microbotox technique in the context of skin aging, emphasizing its mechanisms, indications, and clinical outcomes.

Discussion: In Asia, intradermal injection of botulinum toxin or microbotox has been widely …

Profil Kadar Vitamin D Dan Hubungannya Dengan Derajat Keparahan Klinis Serta Parameter Inflamasi Pada Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19, Wicensius Parulian Hasudungan, Andhika Rachman, Alvina Widhani, Arif Mansjoer

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The available data currently is not adequate to show the differences in vitamin D levels across various clinical stages of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the profile of vitamin D levels and its relationship with the clinical severity and inflammatory parameters in confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Methods. The study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Wisma Atlet COVID-19 Emergency Hospital from January to December 2021. Subjects who were 18 years old and above and had confirmed COVID-19 status through COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from oropharyngeal swab were included. Those who refused …

Profil Anafilaksis Di Rsu Hasanah Graha Afiah, Depok Pada Januari 2023 – April 2024, Sukamto Koesnoe, Risky Wulandari, Bramantya Wicaksana

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitivity reaction that occurs rapidly and can be life-threatening. This reaction disrupts the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and/or integumentary systems. The global prevalence of anaphylaxis is 1-2%, with a mortality rate of 0.3%. However, data on anaphylaxis in Indonesia is very limited. The aim of this study was to obtain anaphylaxis profile at Hasanah Graha Afiah Hospital, Depok.

Methods. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive study from January 2023 to April 2024 at Hasanah Graha Afiah Hospital, Depok, Jawa Barat. Inclusion criteria include patients aged ≥17 years, diagnosed with anaphylaxis in medical records in …

Hubungan Heart Rate Variability Dengan Global Longitudinal Strain Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Puskesmas Jakarta, Dwi Rendra Hadi, Lusiani Rusdi, Tri Juli Edi Tarigan, Arif Mansjoer

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a major global health issue due to its direct consequences and complications, particularly cardiovascular complications. These complications are influenced by autonomic neuropathy, which can be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Autonomic dysfunction is thought to impair heart function, which can potentially be predicted early by observing Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS). The relationship between HRV and GLS has not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between HRV and GLS.

Methods. A cross-sectional study with a population of adult type 2 DM patients residing in Jakarta in December 2020. …

Infeksi Oportunistik Pada Pasien Hiv Yang Dirawat Inap Di Rsup Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2019-2022, Katarina Salma, Yovita Hartantri, Nisa Fauziah

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that infects and attacks the human immune system. The high morbidity and mortality rates in HIV patients can be attributed to various factors, one of which is the presence of opportunistic infections due to the weakened immune response, making HIV patients highly susceptible to other infections. This study aims to provide an overview of opportunistic infections in HIV patients hospitalized at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung within the period of 2019-2022.

Methods. This descriptive observational study was conducted on 255 HIV patients with opportunistic infections who were hospitalized at dr. …

Penghambat Kanal Kalsium Sebagai Kontrol Glukosa Darah Pada Insulinoma: Sebuah Laporan Kasus, Nadhira Nizam, Ryan Tresna Putra, Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas arising from β-cells, leading to excessive insulin secretion and resultant hypoglycaemia. Surgical resection is the first-line treatment for insulinoma, but when surgery is not feasible, medical therapy is an important option. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) such as verapamil can inhibit insulin release from β-cells and have been proposed as an adjunct therapy to help control blood glucose levels in insulinoma. We report a 43-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with decreased consciousness due to hypoglycaemia. His capillary blood glucose at home was 35 mg/dL, about 8 hours after his …

Advanced Hiv Disease: Wajah Hiv Yang Hampir Terlupakan, Evy Yunihastuti, Bramantya Wicaksana

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Efek Hipnoterapi Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik: Suatu Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti, Aisha Putri Chairani, Rudi Putranto, Hamzah Shatri, Maruhum Bonar Hasiholan Marbun, Edward Faisal, Vinandia Irvianita, Diah Martina

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of kidney damage with a decrease in glomerulus filtration rate of 60 ml/min/1.73 m3 for a duration of more than three months. CKD is closely related to the patient’s quality of life because the patient must carry out various lifestyle restrictions to slow the progression of kidney damage. Lifestyle restrictions often cause problems in the psychosocial field that increase the severity of symptoms and decrease kidney function faster. This evidence-based case review was compiled to determine the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in improving the quality of life of CKD patients. Literature searches were conducted …

Pencegahan Sindrom Delirium Akut Pada Pasien Lansia Di Rawat Inap, Vera Vera

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Acute delirium syndrome is often found in hospitalized older patients, requiring longer hospital stay and higher hospital cost. Studies showed that 40% of these delirium cases in older patients may be prevented with multicomponent intervention based on National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) guidelines. This article explained multicomponent intervention, which includes protocols for disorientation, dehydration, hypoxia, constipation, malnutrition, pain control, infection control, infection prevention, drugs evaluation, early mobilization, and education for patients’ family / caregiver. Prevention of acute delirium syndrome in hospitalized older patients will reduce the medical cost and distress among …

Status Gizi Sebagai Faktor Risiko Mortalitas Di Rumah Sakit Pada Pasien Lanjut Usia Pasca Reseksi Tumor Kolorektal, Ayu Fitri Sekar Wulandari, Parish Budiono, Yudo Murti Mupangati

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Malnutrition in elderly patients, particularly those with colorectal cancer, increases morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay due to metabolic dysregulation and hypermetabolic perioperative response, affecting wound healing, infection risk, postoperative complications, and nutritional deficits. This study aimed to analyze whether nutritional status is a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in elderly patients after colorectal tumor resection.

Methods. A case-control matching study was conducted on elderly patients who underwent colorectal tumor resection, using secondary data from elderly inpatients at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital from January 2020 to April 2024. The collected data were analyzed using bivariate analysis …

Hubungan Abnormalitas Ekokardiografi Terhadap Mortalitas Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 Derajat Berat Dan Kritis Di Rsupn Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Fidiaji Hiltono Santoso, Idrus Alwi, Sally A. Nasution, Cleopas Martin Rumende

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in Indonesia is high with manifestations of cardiac complications. Echocardiographic evaluation can help identify cardiac functional and structural disorders associated with patient mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between echocardiographic abnormalities and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record data of severe and critical COVID-19 patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta during March 2020 to April 2021. Subjects were selected using total sampling. Descriptive analysis was performed, presenting descriptive tables, and bivariate analysis was conducted using the …

Saatnya Memberikan Vaksin Influenza Untuk Tenaga Kesehatan, Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Pengaruh Durasi Pengobatan Dan Preferensi Pasien Kanker Stadium Akhir Terhadap Layanan Homecare Di Rumah Sakit Medistra Pada Tahun 2021-2023, Peter Brian Sutanto Putra Dr, Erfen Gustiawan Suwangto Dr, Tena Djuartina Dr, Iskandar Rahardjo Budianto Dr, C. Rinaldi A. Lesmana

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Cancer is still an enormous health problem in the world and rank second as the most common cause of mortality. End-stage cancer requires end-of-life or palliative care to improve the patient’s quality of life before death. Homecare services have become an option for providing palliative care to avoid long-term hospital stays. The study aimed to provide an overview of the treatment duration and other factors in end-stage cancer patients regarding the selection of homecare services at Medistra Hospital during the period of 2021-2023.

Methods. This study with a cross-sectional design analyzed medical records of end-stage cancer patients …

Efektivitas Vaksin Covid-19 Mrna Booster Kedua Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Dan Faktor Yang Memengaruhinya, Siti Taqwa Fitria Lubis, Sukamto Koesnoe, Evy Yunihastuti, Hamzah Shatri, Teguh Harjono Karjadi, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Em Yunir

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The emergence of the Omicron variant during the pandemic had an impact on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. The spread of Omicron increased rapidly even in populations that had been vaccinated with booster doses, causing a high incidence of infection. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and factors related to the effectiveness of the second mRNA booster vaccine as well as antibody levels after the second mRNA booster vaccine in healthcare workers at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital.

Methods. This study used a cohort design. Total sampling of 271 healthcare workers were obtained from previous …

Efek Terapeutik Analog Somatostatin Dalam Menghambat Perkembangan Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Irvin Rembrant Holleritz Sitompul, Grasella Angelika Putri, Purwita Wijaya Laksmi

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary disorder characterized by formation and progressive growth of cysts in the kidneys and other organs such as liver, spleen, and pancreas. Recent advances have led to possibilities to target the main cause of cyst growth, cAMP. Somatostatin targets cAMP and inhibits its production directly and indirectly in kidney and liver, which might potentially prevent renal and liver cyst progression in ADPKD. This report aims to evaluate the effectiveness of somatostatin analogue therapy in slowing disease progression in ADPKD patients, according to the latest evidence. A literature search was conducted on five …

Long Covid Dan Sistem Kardiovaskular, Muhadi Muhadi, Ivan Mardhi Laksmana

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Even after nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) swab investigation revealed no COVID-19 infection, some individuals continue to have long COVID symptoms. According to a research published in 2022, 4.5 – 36.6% of patients had symptoms following a COVID-19 infection more than three months. Long COVID symptoms may impact multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. Chest pain, palpitations, arrhythmia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and other symptoms are possible appeared in long COVID. D-Dimer, echocardiography, CT scan, cMRI and other supportive test showed meaningful results. Pharmacological treatment can be given based on the concurrent diagnosis found in patients with long COVID. …

Pengetahuan Dan Persepsi Keluarga Penderita Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (Pgta) Terhadap Transplantasi Ginjal Di Rs Hasan Sadikin Bandung, Rizqa Adinda Syakira, Helni Mariani, Rizky Andhika

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Kidney transplantation is the best kidney replacement therapy for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. The gap between the number of donors and recipients remains a problem contributing to the low rate of kidney transplantation in Indonesia. The families of ESRD patients are the most recommended donor candidates. Knowledge and perception have a crucial role in the decision to donate organs, making it important to know the knowledge and perception of ESRD patients’ families towards kidney transplantation. This study aimed to describe the knowledge and perception of families of ESRD patients undergoing dialysis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General …