Medical Specialties Commons^™

Prognostic Effect Of Glycated Hemoglobin In Acute Myocardial Infarction, Mohamad El Bordy, Nadia Youssef Riad

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Impaired glucose tolerance and even prediabetic states have a crucial role as risk factors among several different risk factors in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Some recent studies have shown that poor diabetes management, diagnosed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), has poor prognostic value regarding future cardiovascular events, whereas other studies recommend that it is the blood glucose level at admission that predicts short-term mortality after AMI and not the HbA1C level. Aim The target of this research is to detect the correlation between the level of HbA1C and risk factors in the patients with AMI and its value regarding the …

Predictors Of Mortality Among Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort, Amany A. Salem, Enass E. El-Sayed, Hala M. Abd-Elmaguid, K Allayeh Abdou, Mona Abd Elmotaleb A. Hussein, Muhammed M. Abdul-Ghaffar, Omnia S. Ali, Sheren M. Omar, Wael M. Essa

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background With a diagnostic problem, the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused a devastating global consequence. We were identifying severity/mortality risk variables that assist in determining the need for early admission. As a result, we sought to establish for the first time the clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Egyptian hemodialysis patients and to identify the risk factors for mortality. Patients and methods In this observational multicenter retrospective cohort study in Egypt, the data of 377 confirmed COVID-19 patients on regular hemodialysis were collected from hospitals affiliated to the general organization of teaching …

Lower-Limb Resistive Versus Aerobic Training Impact On Quality Of Life In Post-Covid-19 Patients, Asmaa M. Mohamed, Elsaeed E. Shaaban, Esraa A. Mohamed, Zahra M. H. Serry

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To determine the effect of lower-limb resistive versus aerobic training impact on quality of life (QOL) in post-COVID-19 patients. Participants and methods Sixty young volunteer patients participated in this study and randomly divided into two equal groups: group A that received an aerobic exercise program three times per week, group B, which received lower-body-resistance exercises. Both groups were evaluated before and after therapy (6 weeks) through measuring resting heart rate (RHR), peak heart rate (PHR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) of selected muscle groups, and QOL assessment using the Short-Form (SF-12) Health Survey Questionnaire. Results The results revealed a …

Assessment Of Auditory Dysfunction As An Extra-Articular Manifestation In Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Brainstem Auditory-Evoked Potential, Abeer H. Ismaiel, Ahmad M. A. Gawad, Amany F. Hakim, Soha S. Shaaban

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objectives The paper aims to study brainstem auditory-evoked potential parameter changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and their relation to the duration of illness, degree of disease activity, functional stage of the disease, and intensity of pain. Materials and methods Control (group 1) comprised 25 healthy female patients of age 50–60 years, while the study group (group 2) comprised 25 female patients with RA of more than 5 years. Proven cases of RA (according to american college of rheumatology (ACR) 2010 criteria) underwent brainstem auditory-evoked potentials. The recording was carried out by using RMS EMG EPMK2. In the RA group, …

Posterior Tympanotomy Versus Posterior Atticotomy In Creating Well-Ventilated Middle Ear Cleft Pros And Cons, Essam F. Abdelfattah, Wael A. Alzami

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Cortical mastoidectomy is considered a cornerstone step in the surgical management of noncholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media. It comprises the canal wall-up technique, preserving the posterior and superior bony canal walls. The goal of cortical mastoidectomy is mainly to ventilate the middle ear cleft besides eradication of diseased mastoid air cells. The ventilation of the middle ear cleft has no way except through the aditus ad antrum and patent epitympanic diaphragm besides well-functioning Eustachian tube. This way of ventilation is usually affected in chronic infected ears by edematous and polypoid mucosa, leading to its obstruction. Traditional practice used to …

Prediction Of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Using Cleveland And Mehta Scores, Maged M. A. Kisho

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To detect the clinical accuracy of two models for the prediction of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe AKI that need renal replacement therapy according to Cleveland and Mehta scores and using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definitions for AKI. Patients and methods In total, 742 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the Department of Cardiac Surgery NHI of Egypt, between January 2016 and December 2018, were enrolled in this research. We evaluate the prediction for cardiac surgery-associated AKI using Cleveland and Mehta scores. We also evaluate the effect of hemofiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass as a …

Predictors Of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention For Patients With Left Anterior Descending Artery Occlusion, Ahmed Galal A Fattah Fahmy, Mohamed E. L Bordy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Depressed left ventricular (LV) systolic function after acute coronary syndrome is the most important predictor affecting morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of reperfusion therapy is to restore epicardial flow and to reperfuse the myocardial tissue. However, not all the patients show improvement, and a group of patients may experience depression in heart function. Aim To determine the factors affecting impairment of LV function assessed by echocardiography following successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome involving the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Patients and methods A total of 50 patients were included in this …

Metabolic Syndrome And Asthma, Therese S. Ghatas

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Bronchial asthma is one of the chronic diseases that most commonly present worldwide. Asthma is still a poorly controlled disease despite the availability and intake of medications in a large percentage of asthmatic patients. Research studies are indicated to identify the effect of metabolic syndrome on the occurrence of asthma and its severity and also to clear the underlying important mechanisms. Patients and methods This cross-section study was carried out on 108 patients with asthma. Asthma was diagnosed and classify according to Global Initiative for Asthma guideline. All asthmatic patients were tested for the criteria of metabolic syndrome. Aim …

Health-Related Quality Of Life In Children And Adolescents With Chronic Kidney Diseases At Sohag, Egypt: A Case–Control Study, Ahmed M. Hegab, Eman Abdel-Baset Mohamed, Fouad M. A. Yousef, Rasha Gamal-El-Din Abu-El-Goud

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background and objectives Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) have multiple complications that could impair the quality of life in the affected children and their families. This study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and detect factors affecting it in children with CKD and their families at Sohag, Egypt. Patients and methods The study included 113 children and adolescents with CKD stages 1–5, aged 2–18 years old, attending the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic and the pediatric dialysis unit at Sohag University Hospital. Two hundred twenty-six children were in the control-group age and sex matched to cases with urinary-system condition …

The Effect Of Cervical Spondylosis On Diaphragmatic Thickness And Excursion In Nonsmoking Adults, Akram A. Elaziz, Bishoy G. Khalil, Saif Mehmed, Tamer A. El-Kassas

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Cervical spondylosis is defined as a series of signs and symptoms that result in anatomical and physiological changes in the vertebral column that may impair phrenic nerve function by compressing the C3/C5 that affect diaphragmatic movements. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cervical spondylosis on diaphragmatic thickness and excursion in nonsmoking adults by using ultrasonographic evaluation of the diaphragm. Eighty-four nonsmoking volunteers participated in this study and were divided into two equal groups: group A, patients with cervical spondylosis and group B, healthy volunteers with a normal cervical spine. Both groups were evaluated …

Effectiveness Of Ultrasound-Guided Platelets Rich Plasma Injection In Knee Osteoarthritic Cases, Abeer N. A. Aziz, Gamal S.E E. Khalifa, Hesham Alshabrawy, Lamis Safwat

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Backgroud Knee osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease. Different methods are used to alleviate the symptoms of patients with knee osteoarthritis, including analgesics, physical therapy, exercise prescription, and intra-articular injections (glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid). New studies have focused on modern therapeutic methods that stimulate the cartilage healing process and improve the damage, including the use of platelet-rich plasma as a complex growth factor. Aim of the work To evaluate the effectiveness of intra articular PRP in mild to moderate degree knee osteoarthritis. Objectives To slow the rate of progression of knee Osteoarthritis by injection of PRP intraarticular. Decrease pain and …

Relationship Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Moheb W. Elfaizy, Therese S. Ghatas

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction There are insignificant observations and few research studies that indicate the action of Helicobacter pylori in the induction of extra-gastrointestinal tract diseases, which include autoimmune, skin, and vascular diseases, and also some pulmonary diseases. Moreover, it has been documented that the incidence of chronic bronchitis may be elevated in patients who experienced H. pylori infection. Aim To assess infection with H. pylori in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in control persons and also to determine the association between serology level of H. pylori and spirometry parameters in patients experiencing COPD. Results A total of 100 individuals …

The Role Of Postoperative Imaging In Cochlear Implants, Essam F. Mohammed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The aim was to evaluate the role and efficacy of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan after cochlear implantation in evaluating the integrity and insertion of the electrode, whether complete or incomplete, whether intracochlear or extracochlear, and whether to change the decision for revision or not. Sitting The study was conducted at the Hearing and Speech Institute. Patients and methods All the patients 300 cases undergo CT scan radiology within one week postoeratively and reevaluated for electrode insertion. Complete, incomplete, or over insertion. intracochlear or extracchlear. Results This study was carried out on 312 cases from January 2019 to December …

Patient–Valve Mismatch: A Comparison Of Mechanical Versus Biological Prostheses In Ischemic Mitral Patients Undergoing Chordal-Sparing Mitral Valve Replacement, Ahmed S. Ali, Rania D.E A. Shokka, Rasha H. Mohammed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement (MVR) is now preferred over downsized annuloplasty repair in treating chronic severe ischemic mitral regurgitation. However, total leaflet preservation carries the risk of patient–valve mismatch (PVM). The authors aimed to investigate the incidence of PVM among those groups of patients who were treated with either mechanical or biological MVR. Objective This study aimed to compare the incidence of PVM in ischemic mitral regurgitation patients undergoing total revascularization together with chordal-sparing MVR with either biological or mechanical prosthesis. Patients and methods A controlled prospective study was carried out at the National Heart Institute Cairo, Egypt. 50 …

Processing Binding Data Using An Open-Source Workflow, Errol L G Samuel, Secondra L Holmes, Damian W Young

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The thermal shift assay (TSA)—also known as differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), thermofluor, and Tm shift—is one of the most popular biophysical screening techniques used in fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) to detect protein–ligand interactions. By comparing the thermal stability of a target protein in the presence and absence of a ligand, potential binders can be identified. The technique is easy to set up, has low protein consumption, and can be run on most real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instruments. While data analysis is straightforward in principle, it becomes cumbersome and time-consuming when the screens involve multiple 96- or 384-well plates. There …

Dementia Risk Reduction: Why Haven't The Pharmacological Risk Reduction Trials Worked? An In-Depth Exploration Of Seven Established Risk Factors, Ruth Peters, John Breitner, Sarah James, Gregory A. Jicha, Pierre-Francois Meyer, Marcus Richards, A. David Smith, Hussein N. Yassine, Erin L. Abner, Atticus H. Hainsworth, Patrick G. Kehoe, Nigel Beckett, Christopher Weber, Craig Anderson, Kaarin J. Anstey, Hiroko H. Dodge

Neurology Faculty Publications

Identifying the leading health and lifestyle factors for the risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease has yet to translate to risk reduction. To understand why, we examined the discrepancies between observational and clinical trial evidence for seven modifiable risk factors: type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, estrogens, inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Sample heterogeneity and paucity of intervention details (dose, timing, formulation) were common themes. Epidemiological evidence is more mature for some interventions (eg, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) than others. Trial data are promising for anti-hypertensives and B vitamin supplementation. Taken together, these risk factors highlight a future need …

Sox10 Requirement For Melanoma Tumor Growth Is Due, In Part, To Immune-Mediated Effects, Sheera Rosenbaum, Manoela Tiago, Signe Caksa, Claudia Capparelli, Timothy J. Purwin, Gaurav Kumar, Mckenna Glasheen, Danielle Pomante, Daniel Kotas, I Chervoneva, A E Aplin

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Developmental factors may regulate the expression of immune modulatory proteins in cancer, linking embryonic development and cancer cell immune evasion. This is particularly relevant in melanoma because immune checkpoint inhibitors are commonly used in the clinic. SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) mediates neural crest development and is required for melanoma cell growth. In this study, we investigate immune-related targets of SOX10 and observe positive regulation of herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and carcinoembryonic-antigen cell-adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). Sox10 knockout reduces tumor growth in vivo, and this effect is exacerbated in immune-competent models. Modulation of CEACAM1 expression but not HVEM elicits modest …

Hypothalamic Steroid Receptor Coactivator-2 Regulates Adaptations To Fasting And Overnutrition, Yongjie Yang, Yanlin He, Hailan Liu, Wenjun Zhou, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Kaifan Yu, Zhou Pei, Ilirjana Hyseni, Makoto Fukuda, Qingchun Tong, Jianming Xu, Zheng Sun, Bert W O'Malley, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The neuroendocrine system coordinates metabolic and behavioral adaptations to fasting, including reducing energy expenditure, promoting counterregulation, and suppressing satiation and anxiety to engage refeeding. Here, we show that steroid receptor coactivator-2 (SRC-2) in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons is a key regulator of all these responses to fasting. POMC-specific deletion of SRC-2 enhances the basal excitability of POMC neurons; mutant mice fail to efficiently suppress energy expenditure during food deprivation. SRC-2 deficiency blunts electric responses of POMC neurons to glucose fluctuations, causing impaired counterregulation. When food becomes available, these mutant mice show insufficient refeeding associated with enhanced satiation and discoordination of anxiety …

Using The Behaviour Change Wheel Program Planning Model To Design Games For Health: Development Study, Michael C Robertson, Tom Baranowski, Debbe Thompson, Karen M Basen-Engquist, Maria Chang Swartz, Elizabeth J Lyons

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Games for health are a promising approach to health promotion. Their success depends on achieving both experiential (game) and instrumental (health) objectives. There is little to guide game for health (G4H) designers in integrating the science of behavior change with the art of game design.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to extend the Behaviour Change Wheel program planning model to develop Challenges for Healthy Aging: Leveraging Limits for Engaging Networked Game-Based Exercise (CHALLENGE), a G4H centered on increasing physical activity in insufficiently active older women.

METHODS: We present and apply the G4H Mechanics, Experiences, and Change (MECHA) …

Bi-Allelic Variants In Ogdhl Cause A Neurodevelopmental Spectrum Disease Featuring Epilepsy, Hearing Loss, Visual Impairment, And Ataxia, Zheng Yie Yap, Stephanie Efthymiou, Simone Seiffert, Karen Vargas Parra, Sukyeong Lee, Alessia Nasca, Reza Maroofian, Isabelle Schrauwen, Manuela Pendziwiat, Sunhee Jung, Elizabeth Bhoj, Pasquale Striano, Kshitij Mankad, Barbara Vona, Sanmati Cuddapah, Anja Wagner, Javeria Raza Alvi, Elham Davoudi-Dehaghani, Mohammad-Sadegh Fallah, Srinitya Gannavarapu, Costanza Lamperti, Andrea Legati, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Kolsoum Saeidi, Vincenzo Salpietro, Sarah Von Spiczak, Abigail Sandoval, Sirous Zeinali, Massimo Zeviani, Adi Reich, Synaps Study Group, University Of Washington Center For Mendelian Genomics, Cholsoon Jang, Ingo Helbig, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Daniele Ghezzi, Suzanne M Leal, Yvonne Weber, Henry Houlden, Wan Hee Yoon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) protein is a rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial metabolism. OGDHL expression is restricted mainly to the brain in humans. Here, we report nine individuals from eight unrelated families carrying bi-allelic variants in OGDHL with a range of neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes including epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, gait ataxia, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. The variants include three homozygous missense variants (p.Pro852Ala, p.Arg244Trp, and p.Arg299Gly), three compound heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (p.Arg673Gln/p.Val488Val, p.Phe734Ser/p.Ala327Val, and p.Trp220Cys/p.Asp491Val), one homozygous frameshift variant (p.Cys553Leufs∗16), and one homozygous stop-gain variant (p.Arg440Ter). To support the …

Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Caused By Kodamaea Ohmeri In A Young Child, Amier Haidar, Farhana Khaja, Brian Simms, Amr Issam Elgehiny, Tracy Omoegbele, Nikita Khetan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION:

CASE REPORT: The patient is a 5-year-old male with a history of short gut syndrome, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence who presented to the emergency room with a two-day history of productive-cough, rhinorrhea, and fever. Antibiotic therapy was initiated with cefepime and vancomycin for suspected CLABSI. However, within the first twenty-four hours of his admission, his initial blood culture from his central venous catheter became positive for yeast so fluconazole was added due to suspicion of candidemia. During his admission, his initial central line and peripheral blood culture were later speciated as

CONCLUSIONS: This case report further acknowledges …

Dietary Supplementation Of Bacillus-Based Probiotics On The Growth Performance, Gut Morphology, Intestinal Microbiota And Immune Response In Low Biosecurity Broiler Chickens, Mohammad Arif, Md Akteruzzaman, Tuhin-Al-Ferdous, Sk Shaheenur Islam, Bidhan Chandra Das, Mahbubul Pratik Siddique, S M Lutful Kabir

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, intestinal histo-morphology, gut microbial population and immune response in broilers. A total of 2000 Hubbard Classic day-old chicks were randomly enrolled in four experimental groups and 4 replicates of 500 birds in each group, and reared for 35 days under a low- level of biosecurity measures. The trial groups were assigned treatment-1 (T1): basal diet(control), treatment-2 (T2): basal diet plus Bacillus licheniformis (DSM17236), treatment-3 (T3): basal diet plus Bacillus subtilis (PB6), and treatment-4 (T4) basal diet plus 4% Flavomycin. All four groups were fed …

The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray

Nursing | Senior Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly more prevalent in today’s society and is attributed to an alarming percentage of American hospitalizations and deaths. Americans are unhealthier than ever before, and the main contributor is the Western diet. Diet is a double-edged sword that can offer benefits or detriments to one’s health. CVD encompasses numerous diagnoses originating from various underlying physiological alterations. These alterations are downstream effects of increased body weight and BMI, increased cholesterol levels, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased arterial plaque buildup. Research shows that a plant-based diet has the potential to manage and reverse all fundamental physiological alterations that …

Tavr In Older Adults: Moving Toward A Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment And Away From Chronological Age: Jacc Family Series, Joy M Schmitz, Scott D Lane, Michael F Weaver, Ponnada A Narayana, Khader M Hasan, Delisa D Russell, Robert Suchting, Charles E Green

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cocaine use continues to be a significant public health problem with limited treatment options and no approved pharmacotherapies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) remains the mainstay treatment for preventing relapse, however, people with chronic cocaine use display cognitive impairments that are associated with poor response to CBT. Emerging evidence in animal and human studies suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- γ) agonist, pioglitazone, improves white matter integrity that is essential for cognitive function. This project will determine whether adjunctive use of pioglitazone enhances the effect of CBT in preventing relapse during the early phase of recovery from cocaine use disorder. This …

Alterations In Excitatory And Inhibitory Synaptic Development Within The Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway In A Mouse Model Of Prenatal Drug Exposure, Taylor Boggess, James C. Williamson, Ethan B. Niebergall, Hannah Sexton, Richard D. Egleton, Larry Grover, Chris Risher

Biomedical Sciences

The rise in rates of opioid abuse in recent years in the United States has led to a dramatic increase in the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Despite improved understanding of NAS and its acute symptoms, there remains a paucity of information regarding the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse on neurological development. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal drug exposure on synaptic connectivity within brain regions associated with the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, the primary reward pathway associated with drug abuse and addiction, in a mouse model. Our secondary …

Role Of Meibum And Tear Phospholipids In The Evaporative Water Loss Associated With Dry Eye., Samiyyah M. Sledge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is generally believed that the tear film lipid surface film inhibits the rate of evaporation (Revap) of the underlying tear aqueous. It is also generally believed that changes in the composition of the tear film lipid layer is responsible for an increase in Revap in patients with dry eye. Both of these ideas have never been proven. The purpose of the current studies was to test these ideas. Revap was measured in vitro gravimetrically. Lipid spreading was measured using Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. The influence of the following surface films on the Revap of the sub phase of physiologically …

Modeling Recurrence In Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis With Mobile Peak Expiratory Flow, Kyle Kimura, Liping Du, Lynn D Berry, Li-Ching Huang, Sheau-Chiann Chen, David O Francis, Alexander Gelbard

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: We sought to establish normative peak expiratory flow (PEF) data for patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS), evaluate whether immediate changes in PEF after a procedure predict long-term treatment response, and test if a decline in longitudinal PEF is associated with disease recurrence.

STUDY DESIGN: International, prospective, 3-year multicenter cohort study of 810 patients with untreated, newly diagnosed, or previously treated iSGS.

METHODS: iSGS patients consented and enrolled in the North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) iSGS

RESULTS: Within the NoAAC iSGS1000 cohort, 810 patients participated in a 3-year, prospective study comparing surgical treatment efficacy and 385 had appropriate PEF …

A Staged Approach To Address Youth Unresponsive To Initial Obesity Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Katherine R Arlinghaus, Daniel P O'Connor, Tracey A Ledoux, Sheryl O Hughes, Craig A Johnston

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/objective: Maintenance interventions inherently require BMI improvement to maintain. This overlooks individuals initially unresponsive to obesity interventions. Staged pediatric clinical treatment guidelines were adapted to the school setting to develop an escalated treatment option for individuals initially unresponsive. This staged randomized controlled trial examined differences between escalated treatment (Take CHARGE!) and a maintenance program (PE Planners). Take CHARGE was hypothesized to have greater improvements in BMI as a percentage of the 95th BMI Percentile (%BMIp95) than PE Planners.

Subjects/methods: From 2018 to 2020, 171 middle and high schoolers (BMI Percentile ≥ 85) were recruited from a Houston school district to …

5-Ht Recruits Distinct Neurocircuits To Inhibit Hunger-Driven And Non-Hunger-Driven Feeding, Yanlin He, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Krisitine M Conde, Pingwen Xu, Yongxiang Li, Chunmei Wang, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Tingting Yang, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Julia Wang, Rong Zheng, Feng Liu, Zheng Sun, Lora Heisler, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Canjun Zhu, Gang Shu, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity is primarily a consequence of consuming calories beyond energetic requirements, but underpinning drivers have not been fully defined. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (5-HTDRN) regulate different types of feeding behavior, such as eating to cope with hunger or for pleasure. Here, we observed that activation of 5-HTDRN to hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (5-HTDRN → ARH) projections inhibits food intake driven by hunger via actions at ARH 5-HT2C and 5-HT1B receptors, whereas activation of 5-HTDRN to ventral tegmental area (5-HTDRN → VTA) projections inhibits non-hunger-driven feeding via actions at 5-HT2C receptors. Further, hunger-driven feeding gradually activates ARH-projecting 5-HTDRN …

Dash Diet Adherence And Cognitive Function: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, George D Daniel, Haiying Chen, Alain G Bertoni, Stephen R Rapp, Annette L Fitzpatrick, José A Luchsinger, Alexis C Wood, Timothy M Hughes, Gregory L Burke, Kathleen M Hayden

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: The Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with better cognitive function in studies of predominantly White participants; few studies have examined this association in diverse cohorts. Our objective was to examine the association between the DASH diet and cognitive function in the diverse Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.

Methods: Among 4169 MESA participants, we evaluated prospectively, the association between DASH diet adherence and cognitive function. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002) and cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding …