Medical Anatomy Commons^™

Traumatic Brain Injury-Associated Epigenetic Changes And The Risk For Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paul Smolen, Pramod K Dash, John B Redell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Epidemiological studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk for developing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, molecular mechanisms that underlie this risk are largely unidentified. TBI triggers widespread epigenetic modifications. Similarly, NDs such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's are associated with numerous epigenetic changes. Although epigenetic changes can persist after TBI, it is unresolved if these modifications increase the risk of later ND development and/or dementia. We briefly review TBI-related epigenetic changes, and point out putative feedback loops that might contribute to long-term persistence of some modifications. We then focus on evidence suggesting persistent TBI-associated epigenetic changes may contribute …

More Management Is Needed To Improve The Effectiveness Of Artificial Grassland In Vegetation And Soil Restoration On The Three-River Headwaters Region Of China, Nengyu Wang, Jiayi Wan, Mingjun Ding, Hua Zhang, Shicheng Li, Linshan Liu, Yili Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Establishing an artificial grassland is a common measure employed to restore heavily degraded alpine grasslands for regional sustainability. The Three-River Headwaters Region in China has significant areas of black-soil-type grassland which is typified by heavy degradation; nearly 35% of the grassland regions in the Three-River Headwaters Region has degraded into this type. There are different plant community types of black-soil-type grasslands, however, it is not clear which restoration measures should be adopted for different kinds of black-soil-type grasslands. Here, we investigate the plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties of artificial grasslands, two types of black-soil-type grasslands, and native undegraded …

Sp1 Trans-Activates The Murine H+-K+-Atpase Α2-Subunit Gene, Xiaobo Wang, Yili Zhang, Xiuyun Zhou, Xiumei Xia, Weijun Teng, Lin Sheng, Jing Ding

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Acute lung injury (ALI) followed with severe inflammation and oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant are the properties of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5). The goal of this study was to see if soy isoflavone can diminish lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and the underling mechanism. LPS-induced ALI was given to Sprague-Dawley rats 14 days following oophorectomy. One hour before the LPS challenge, estradiol (1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously as positive control and soy isoflavone was intragastric administration for 14 days prior to LPS challenge with different doses. Six hours after LPS challenge, the pulmonary edema, pathophysiology, inflammation, and the oxidative …

Risking The Wrist, Tyler Mosier, Evan White

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Abstract:

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is now one of the most common workplace injuries, with nearly 50% of patients eventually requiring CTS release surgery as a permanent solution. With a concern of a younger incidence of CTS developing in a technology dependent society, some patients may fear even a minimal loss of function. To our knowledge there has been no study comparing forearm grip strength before symptoms develop to grip strength after the procedure has been performed.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if there was a significant change in strength of the flexor digitorum superficialis …

Use Of Cardiomems Hf Sensor In Management Of Nyha Class Iii Heart Failure, Trevor Andrunik, Anne Eady

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: Assess the ability of continuous pulmonary artery pressure monitoring via implantable CardioMEMs HF device to reduce hospitalization in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III heart failure patients over the age of 18. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: Searches were conducted via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using the single search term “CardioMEMs.” Inclusion criteria narrowed results to studies performed in the last 10 years, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and utilizing heart failure related hospitalization as the primary endpoint. Results: The current data unanimously asserts that the CardioMEMs HF device is effective at reducing heart failure related hospitalizations, with secondary …

Complexity Of Progranulin Mechanisms Of Action In Mesothelioma, Elisa Ventura, Christopher Xie, Simone Buraschi, Antonino Belfiore, Renato V. Iozzo, Antonio Giordano, Andrea Morrione

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Background: Mesothelioma is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. The growth factor progranulin plays a critical role in several cancer models, where it regulates tumor initiation and progression. Recent data from our laboratories have demonstrated that progranulin and its receptor, EphA2, constitute an oncogenic pathway in bladder cancer by promoting motility, invasion and in vivo tumor formation. Progranulin and EphA2 are expressed in mesothelioma cells but their mechanisms of action are not well defined. In addition, there are no data establishing whether the progranulin/EphA2 axis is tumorigenic for mesothelioma cells.

Methods: The expression of progranulin in various mesothelioma cell …

Autopsy V. Virtopsy: A New Approach For Postmortem Forensic Examination, Nicole Elaine Lawson

Honors Projects

Virtopsy as a potential new standard in forensic science investigation in the place of a conventional autopsy. In recent years there have been new advancements across the forensic field and in the scientific world as a whole. These advancements have changed many approaches bringing new capabilities and new challenges and pushback. This report takes a specific interest in the evolution of forensic autopsy. With improvements such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography scan (CT), X-Rays, and other approaches a new term and technique have been coined Virtopsy. As this new potential approach has come to light the resistance against …

Nursing Considerations For Post-Traumatic Amnesia After A Traumatic Brain Injury, Hannah Grant

Senior Honors Theses

A period known as post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) often follows a traumatic brain injury (TBI). PTA is characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia, confusion, disorientation, and agitation. The duration and severity of PTA is a key indicator of the long-term prognosis after a TBI, so proper assessment and nursing care of a PTA patient is crucial. TBIs range from mild to severe, but primarily affect the fronto-temporal lobes. In PTA, both neural lesions and white matter damage within the parahippocampal region can cause PTA. A nurse must perform a thorough assessment of a TBI patient, but, since PTA is a key …

Defective Synaptic Plasticity In A Model Of Coffin-Lowry Syndrome Is Rescued By Simultaneously Targeting Pka And Mapk Pathways, Rong-Yu Liu, Yili Zhang, Paul Smolen, Leonard J Cleary, John H Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Empirical and computational methods were combined to examine whether individual or dual-drug treatments can restore the deficit in long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse observed in a cellular model of Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS). The model was produced by pharmacological inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) activity. In this model, coapplication of an activator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoform ERK and an activator of protein kinase A (PKA) resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of RSK and enhanced LTF to a greater extent than either drug alone and also greater than their additive effects, which is termed …

Data Supporting The Roles Of Bap1, Sting, And Ifn-Β In Isgf3 Activation In Ccrcc, Lauren E Langbein, Eleonora Sementino, Zhijiu Zhong, Wei Jiang, Li Li, Joseph R Testa, Haifeng Yang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The data presented in this article are companion materials to our manuscript titled "BAP1 maintains HIF-dependent interferon beta induction to suppress tumor growth in clear cell renal cell carcinoma" (Langbein et al., 2022), where we investigated the downstream effects of BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines and mouse xenograft models. In the manuscript, we showed that BAP1 upregulates STING (stimulator of interferon genes) expression and activity in ccRCC cells, leading to IFN-β transcription and activation of interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), the transcription factor that mediates the effects of type I …

Early Systemic Glycolytic Shift After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Is Associated With Functional Outcomes, Aaron M Gusdon, Chenlian Fu, Vasanta Putluri, Atzhiry S Paz, Hua Chen, Xuefang Ren, Mohammed Khurshidul Hassan, Pramod Dash, Cristian Coarfa, Nagireddy Putluri, Huimahn A Choi, Jude P J Savarraj

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) leads to a robust systemic inflammatory response. We hypothesized that an early systemic glycolytic shift occurs after aSAH, resulting in a unique metabolic signature and affecting systemic inflammation.

METHODS: Control patients and patients with aSAH were analyzed. Samples from patients with aSAH were collected within 24 h of aneurysmal rupture. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed to assess relative abundance of 16 metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway. Principal component analysis was used to segregate control patients from patients with aSAH. Dendrograms were developed to depict correlations between metabolites and …

Altered Expression Of Glycobiology-Related Genes In Parkinson’S Disease Brain, Jay S Schneider, Garima Singh

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The precise mechanisms initiating and perpetuating the cellular degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. There is decreased expression of the main brain gangliosides, and GM1 ganglioside in particular, in the PD brain along with decreased expression of the genes coding for the glycosyltranferase and the sialyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of these brain gangliosides. However, potentially important pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the neurodegeneration in PD may also include altered levels of expression of genes involved in glycosylation, sialylation and sphingolipid synthesis and metabolism. Although various studies have described pathological lipid and glycolipid changes in PD brain, there have been …

Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling Reveals Sequential Dysregulation Of Glutathione Metabolism In Livers From Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis, Alexandra Manchel, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan, Ramon Bataller, Jan B. Hoek, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver disease for which there is no efficacious treatment aiding most patients. AH manifests differently in individuals, with some patients showing debilitating symptoms more so than others. Previous studies showed significant metabolic dysregulation associated with AH. Therefore, we sought to analyze how the activity of metabolic pathways differed in the liver of patients with varying degrees of AH severity. We utilized a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that allowed for integration of a generic human cellular metabolic model with specific RNA-seq data corresponding to healthy and multiple liver disease states to …

Corneal Edema Associated With Degenerating Soemmering Ring Cataract: Clinical-Pathologic Correlation, Jordan P Safran, Nathan Nataneli, Jayesh Vazirani, Ralph C. Eagle Jr, Tatyana Milman

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Purpose: To report three patients with an uncommon delayed complication of cataract extraction: corneal edema following dispersion of calcific lens particles from a degenerating Soemmering ring cataract.

Observations: We report three patients, 75-92 years old, presenting with corneal edema and dispersed, degenerated calcific lens material in the anterior chamber and vitreous 20-30 years after cataract surgery. In all patients, calcific particles studded the posterior surface of the cornea in a gravity-dependent distribution without apparent inflammation and were associated with localized corneal edema. In one patient, calcific particles were also associated with secondary open angle glaucoma. Deposits originated from the calcified …

Pi3k Isoform-Specific Regulation Of Leader And Follower Cell Function For Collective Migration And Proliferation In Response To Injury, Morgan D Basta, A. Menko, Janice L Walker

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

To ensure proper wound healing it is important to elucidate the signaling cues that coordinate leader and follower cell behavior to promote collective migration and proliferation for wound healing in response to injury. Using an ex vivo post-cataract surgery wound healing model we investigated the role of class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms in this process. Our findings revealed a specific role for p110α signaling independent of Akt for promoting the collective migration and proliferation of the epithelium for wound closure. In addition, we found an important role for p110α signaling in orchestrating proper polarized cytoskeletal organization within both leader and …

Bap1 Maintains Hif-Dependent Interferon Beta Induction To Suppress Tumor Growth In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma., Lauren Langbein, Rayan El Hajjar, Shen He, Eleonora Sementino, Zhijiu Zhong, Wei Jiang, Benjamin E Leiby, Li Li, Robert G Uzzo, Joseph R Testa, Haifeng Yang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a deubiquitinase that is mutated in 10-15% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Despite the association between BAP1 loss and poor clinical outcome, the critical tumor suppressor function(s) of BAP1 in ccRCC remains unclear. Previously, we found that hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) and BAP1 activate interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a transcription factor activated by type I interferons and a tumor suppressor in ccRCC xenograft models. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanism(s) through which HIF and BAP1 regulate ISGF3. We found that in ccRCC cells, loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) …

Epigenetic Modifications And Their Potential Contribution To Traumatic Brain Injury Pathobiology And Outcome, Laura Zima, Rebecca West, Paul Smolen, Nobuhide Kobori, Georgene Hergenroeder, Huimahn A Choi, Anthony N Moore, John B Redell, Pramod K Dash

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Epigenetic information is not permanently encoded in the DNA sequence, but rather consists of reversible, heritable modifications that regulate the gene expression profile of a cell. Epigenetic modifications can result in cellular changes that can be long lasting and include DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA methylation. As epigenetic modifications are reversible, the enzymes that add (epigenetic writers), the proteins that decode (epigenetic readers), and the enzymes that remove (epigenetic erasers) these modifications can be targeted to alter cellular function and disease biology. While epigenetic modifications and their contributions are intense topics of current research in the context …

Synaptic Origins Of The Complex Receptive Field Structure In Primate Smooth Monostratified Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrea S Bordt, Sara S Patterson, James A Kuchenbecker, Marcus A Mazzaferri, Joel N Yearick, Emma R Yang, Judith Mosinger Ogilvie, Jay Neitz, David W Marshak

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ganglion cells are the projection neurons of the retina. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) express the photopigment melanopsin and also receive input from rods and cones via bipolar cells and amacrine cells. In primates, multiple types of ipRGCs have been identified. The ipRGCs with somas in the ganglion cell layer have been studied extensively, but less is known about those with somas in the inner nuclear layer, the "displaced" cells. To investigate their synaptic inputs, three sets of horizontal, ultrathin sections through central macaque retina were collected using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. One displaced ipRGC received nearly all …

Unreliable Automated Complete Blood Count Results: Causes, Recognition, And Resolution, Gene Gulati, Guldeep Uppal, Jerald Z. Gong

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Automated hematology analyzers generate accurate complete blood counts (CBC) results on nearly all specimens. However, every laboratory encounters, at times, some specimens that yield no or inaccurate result(s) for one or more CBC parameters even when the analyzer is functioning properly and the manufacturer's instructions are followed to the letter. Inaccurate results, which may adversely affect patient care, are clinically unreliable and require the attention of laboratory professionals. Laboratory professionals must recognize unreliable results, determine the possible cause(s), and be acquainted with the ways to obtain reliable results on such specimens. We present a concise overview of the known causes …

Alteration Of Biomolecular Conformation By Aluminum-Implications For Protein Misfolding Disease, Yuhai Zhao, Aileen I. Pogue, Peter N. Alexandrov, Leslie G. Butler, Wenhong Li, Vivian R. Jaber, Walter J. Lukiw

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The natural element aluminum possesses a number of unique biochemical and biophysical properties that make this highly neurotoxic species deleterious towards the structural integrity, conformation, reactivity and stability of several important biomolecules. These include aluminum’s (i) small ionic size and highly electrophilic nature, having the highest charge density of any metallic cation with a Z2/r of 18 (ionic charge +3, radius 0.5 nm); (ii) inclination to form extremely stable electrostatic bonds with a tendency towards covalency; (iii) ability to interact irreversibly and/or significantly slow down the exchange-rates of complex aluminum–biomolecular interactions; (iv) extremely dense electropositive charge with one of the …

Patient With Multiple Genetically Distinct Thyroid Nodules Including Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Harboring Novel Ywhag-Braf Fusion, Ruihe Lin, Zi-Xuan Wang, Elizabeth Cottrill, Nitika Badjatia, Stacey Gargano

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of thyroid samples aids in risk stratification of cytologically indeterminate nodules and contributes to our understanding of molecular mechanisms in thyroid neoplasia. Several genes, including BRAF, RAS, and EIF1AX, are known to play a role in thyroid tumorigenesis. Here we report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in which a single lesion harbored a novel YWHAG-BRAF fusion and EIF1AX mutation and displayed mixed morphological findings. The patient is a 74-year-old female with multiple incidentally discovered thyroid nodules, two of which were sampled by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). Cytologic diagnosis for both nodules was suspicious …

Adipose Tissue-Specific Ablation Of Ces1d Causes Metabolic Dysregulation In Mice, Gang Li, Xin Li, Li Yang, Shuyue Wang, Yulin Dai, Baharan Fekry, Lucas Veillon, Lin Tan, Rebecca Berdeaux, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Philip L Lorenzi, Zhongming Zhao, Richard Lehner, Kai Sun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) is a crucial enzyme with a wide range of activities in multiple tissues. It has been reported to localize predominantly in ER. Here, we found that Ces1d levels are significantly increased in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, a high level of Ces1d translocates onto lipid droplets where it digests the lipids to produce a unique set of fatty acids. We further revealed that adipose tissue-specific Ces1d knock-out (FKO) mice gained more body weight with increased fat mass during a high fat-diet challenge. The FKO mice exhibited impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and developed exacerbated liver …

Glucose Uptake By Glut1 In Photoreceptors Is Essential For Outer Segment Renewal And Rod Photoreceptor Survival, Lauren L. Daniele, John Y.S. Han, Ivy S Samuels, Ravikiran Komirisetty, Nikhil Mehta, Jessica L Mccord, Minzhong Yu, Yekai Wang, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Brent A Bell, Jianhai Du, Neal S Peachey, Nancy J. Philp

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Photoreceptors consume glucose supplied by the choriocapillaris to support phototransduction and outer segment (OS) renewal. Reduced glucose supply underlies photoreceptor cell death in inherited retinal degeneration and age-related retinal disease. We have previously shown that restricting glucose transport into the outer retina by conditional deletion of Slc2a1 encoding GLUT1 resulted in photoreceptor loss and impaired OS renewal. However, retinal neurons, glia, and the retinal pigment epithelium play specialized, synergistic roles in metabolite supply and exchange, and the cell-specific map of glucose uptake and utilization in the retina is incomplete. In these studies, we conditionally deleted Slc2a1 in a pan-retinal or …

Body Size, Shape And Ecology In Tetrapods, Alice E. Maher, Gustavo Burin, Philip G. Cox, Thomas W. Maddox, Susannah C.R. Maidment, Natalie Cooper, Emma R. Schachner, Karl T. Bates

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Body size and shape play fundamental roles in organismal function and it is expected that animals may possess body proportions that are well-suited to their ecological niche. Tetrapods exhibit a diverse array of body shapes, but to date this diversity in body proportions and its relationship to ecology have not been systematically quantified. Using whole-body skeletal models of 410 extinct and extant tetrapods, we show that allometric relationships vary across individual body segments thereby yielding changes in overall body shape as size increases. However, we also find statistical support for quadratic relationships indicative of differential scaling in small-medium versus large …

Altered Genome-Wide Hippocampal Gene Expression Profiles Following Early Life Lead Exposure And Their Potential For Reversal By Environmental Enrichment, Garima Singh, V Singh, T Kim, A Ertel, W Fu, J S Schneider

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Early life lead (Pb) exposure is detrimental to neurobehavioral development. The quality of the environment can modify negative influences from Pb exposure, impacting the developmental trajectory following Pb exposure. Little is known about the molecular underpinnings in the brain of the interaction between Pb and the quality of the environment. We examined relationships between early life Pb exposure and living in an enriched versus a non-enriched postnatal environment on genome-wide transcription profiles in hippocampus CA1. RNA-seq identified differences in the transcriptome of enriched vs. non-enriched Pb-exposed animals. Most of the gene expression changes associated with Pb exposure were reversed by …

Evaluation Of Neonatal Ankyloglossia, Ellen M. Ray

Dissertations

Problem Ankyloglossia occurs when the tongue cannot extend past the gums or lips due to frenulum restriction. In breast feeding, proper movement of the tongue around the nipple is hindered causing difficulty for the infant to obtain a proper latch. This may result in slow weight gain (SWG), failure to thrive (FTT), and dehydration due to poor milk production. Evaluating for ankyloglossia is difficult, however, the Hazelbaker Ankyloglossia Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (HATLFF) may be of benefit.

Method Observational descriptive design utilizing a retrospective medical record review. The HATLFF was utilized in full term neonates suspected of ankyloglossia in …

Perioperative Risks Of The Patient With Heart Failure, Gabrielle Metoyer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Perioperative Risks of the Patient with Heart Failure

Gabrielle Metoyer

Department of Nursing, Otterbein University

NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology

Dr. Deanna Batross and Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar

August 5, 2022

Abstract

According to the CDC (2020), heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Heart failure is an epidemic disease affecting 1-2% of the population worldwide (Schwinger, 2020). It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an estimated 6.5 million adults with heart failure in the United States (Lo et al., 2021). Medical advances …

A Mathematical Model Of Glut1 Modulation In Rods And Rpe And Its Differential Impact In Cell Metabolism, Andrea Aparicio, Erika T Camacho, Nancy J. Philp, Stephen A Wirkus

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

We present a mathematical model of key glucose metabolic pathways in two cells of the human retina: the rods and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Computational simulations of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibition in the model accurately reproduce experimental data from conditional knockout mice and reveal that modification of GLUT1 expression levels of both cells differentially impacts their metabolism. We hypothesize that, under glucose scarcity, the RPE’s energy producing pathways are altered in order to preserve its functionality, impacting the photoreceptors’ outer segment renewal. On the other hand, when glucose is limited in the rods, aerobic glycolysis is preserved, which …

Ros And Mirna Dysregulation In Ovarian Cancer Development, Angiogenesis And Therapeutic Resistance, David C Stieg, Yifang Wang, Ling-Zhi Liu, Bing-Hua Jiang

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

The diverse repertoires of cellular mechanisms that progress certain cancer types are being uncovered by recent research and leading to more effective treatment options. Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the most difficult cancers to treat. OC has limited treatment options, especially for patients diagnosed with late-stage OC. The dysregulation of miRNAs in OC plays a significant role in tumorigenesis through the alteration of a multitude of molecular processes. The development of OC can also be due to the utilization of endogenously derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK. Both miRNAs and ROS are …

Computational Analysis Of Memory Consolidation Following Inhibitory Avoidance (Ia) Training In Adult And Infant Rats: Critical Roles Of Camkiia And Mecp2, Yili Zhang, Paul Smolen, Cristina M Alberini, Douglas A Baxter, John H Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Key features of long-term memory (LTM), such as its stability and persistence, are acquired during processes collectively referred to as consolidation. The dynamics of biological changes during consolidation are complex. In adult rodents, consolidation exhibits distinct periods during which the engram is more or less resistant to disruption. Moreover, the ability to consolidate memories differs during developmental periods. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying consolidation are poorly understood, the initial stages rely on interacting signaling pathways that regulate gene expression, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) dependent feedback loops. We investigated the ways …