Medical Anatomy Commons^™

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Variations And Strategies For Injury Prevention: A Systematic Review, Hana Abdelmeguid, Bamdad Tayyari, Yuvedha Senthil Velan, Michael J. Montalbano Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objective

Anatomical variations in the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), namely extra-laryngeal terminal bifurcation and non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve, are known risk factors for RLN injury during surgery and represent a considerable jeopardy for iatrogenic damage like vocal cord paralysis. This systematic review aims to identify strategies for protecting RLN during thyroid surgery from nerve damage.

Methods

A search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PUBMED for articles published till February 2023 while strictly adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Subject headings and keywords related to anatomical variations, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and surgical prevention …

The A1 Segment Of The Anterior Cerebral Artery: A Systematic Review Of Cadaveric Morphometry Studies, Marlena Muszynska, Emily Awdish, Afua Osei-Wusu, Parker Ballard

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

The P1 Segment Of The Posterior Cerebral Artery: A Systematic Review Of Cadaveric Morphometry Studies, Marlena Muszynska, Afua Osei-Wusu, Emily Awdish, Parker Ballard

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Review Of Methodological Practices In Cadaveric Cerebral Arterial Morphometry: Variability In Contemporary Protocols (2015-2025), Marlena Muszynska, Emily Awdish, Afua Osei-Wusu, Parker Ballard

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Gastric Sleeve And Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass On Chief Cell Function And Protein Digestion In Obese Patients, Garikoitz Mikel Gainza

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Obesity has become one of the largest global health concerns of the 21^st century, correlating with numerous associated diseases. To help address the growing prevalence and burden of obesity, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have become two commonly performed surgical procedures done to promote weight loss by altering the anatomical structure of the stomach and surrounding organs of the gastrointestinal system. Although the benefits of improved metabolism linked to these surgical procedures are well studied, their impact on the physiology of gastric cells, and more specifically chief cells as they relate to protein digestion post-surgery, is yet to …

Bodies Of Knowledge: The Accuracy Of Medical Anatomical Drawings From The 14th To The 18th Century, Marina G. Mitchell

Honors Undergraduate Theses

From the fourteenth to the eighteenth centuries, European anatomical illustration underwent major transformations in response to changing scientific methods, technologies, and visual conventions, reflecting critical transitions in anatomical history. Scientific evolution allowed these images to achieve increasing structural precision and internal detail, though they frequently diverged from anatomical forms as they are understood today. This study examines how anatomical inaccuracies across five centuries emerged not from ignorance, but from deliberate mediation between purpose, observation, pedagogy, artistic convention, and cultural ideology. Through close analysis of works in visual comparison to their modern counterparts, this thesis identifies specific deviations from the twenty-first …

Influence And Excess: A Study Of Alcohol’S Governmental, Societal, Biochemical, And Enzymatic Impact In The U.S And Other Countries Around The World, Thomas W. Snider

Senior Honors Theses

The conduct of the thesis is to explore the intricacies of alcohol consumption. The thesis will outline the history of alcohol and the societal pressures and conduct of drinking with relation to the government. After the history of alcohol has been defined, the thesis will move into the chemistry portion, delineating the absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion of alcohol. This is the portion of the thesis that will contain the quantitative data and source material as much research has already been conducted regarding these components of alcohol consumption. The condition of the research is that the data will be collected …

The Fascia Iliaca Regional Nerve Block Using Ultrasound And Landmark Technique: An Objective Structured Clinical Examination For Nurse Anesthetists, Braxton T. Beech, Parker F. Rigby

Doctoral Projects

The fascia iliaca block (FIB) is an effective regional anesthesia technique used in various clinical settings, including operating rooms, emergency departments, and pain management clinics. Despite its advantages in reducing postoperative complications and minimizing opioid use, FIB remains underutilized among Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), primarily due to limited exposure and training. This doctoral project examines the implementation of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) as an educational intervention to enhance CRNA proficiency in performing FIB using both ultrasound-guided and landmark techniques.

A pre- and post-test study design was conducted with 18 CRNA participants attending a continuing education workshop. Demographic …

Influence Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Anatomy Higher Education Around The World, Sneh Patel, Santanu De

FDLA Journal

The Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted the higher education sector worldwide in several disciplines, especially those in healthcare as well as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) that require active, experiential learning via practical application of concepts centering around anatomy. Dynamic instructional and technological interventions took place rapidly in an effort to minimize the adverse repercussions of moving away from traditional means of education in these critical scientific fields. COVID-19 necessitated administrators, faculty, students, and interns at colleges, universities, medical/ healthcare science programs and residencies to pursue teaching, learning, and assessment of anatomy courses/curricula through innovative strategies without compromising …

Corticobasal Syndrome With Mixed Pathology In The Absence Of Grn Mutation: A Clinico-Pathological Case Of Ftld-Tdp With Coexisting Alzheimer’S And Lewy Body Pathology, Hugo Zamarron, David Irwin, Jeffery Phillips, Edward Lee, Matthew Tisdall, Corey Mcmillan

Research Colloquium

Background: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by often asymmetric fronto-pariteal and extra-pyramidal features that is traditionally associated with tauopathy, but pathological findings are heterogenous, including other forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and mixed pathologies of aging. We present clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of asymmetry in a unique patient with CBS and underlying FTLD with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP), co-occurring with other age-related pathologies.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old man presented with progressive cognitive and motor dysfunction including asymmetric parkinsonism, left-sided dystonia and rigidity, apraxia, visuospatial impairment, and a subtle social disorder including apathy and social withdrawal. The …

Evaluation Of The Usage And Effectiveness Of The Gross Anatomy Osteology E-Learning Module, Conor Young

Theses & Dissertations

Supplementary online learning modalities have reached near ubiquity in graduate health sciences education, yet evidence about their effectiveness remains mixed. The Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy at UNMC recently introduced their own bespoke electronic study platform called the Osteology e-Learning Module to aid gross anatomy students in the study of osteology. To assess its effectiveness, osteology and whole gross lab practical exam scores were compared in four different content units across three school year cohorts of graduate students in the same gross anatomy class. A survey was also distributed to one cohort to capture subjective information about the …

Targeting Student Outcomes Through Implementation Of Laboratory Experiences In A First Year Medical Neuroanatomy Course, Grant Boxey

Anatomical Education Dissertations

The pillars of anatomical sciences, including neuroanatomy, have undergone massive shifts in their teaching methodologies in recent years. With the increased enrollment in graduate medical education, as well as the introduction of new technologies, the anatomical sciences have reformed the ways in which future healthcare practitioners learn. Among the challenges to neuroanatomical education have been reliable access to donor specimens, and a decrease in laboratory-based hours. This study evaluated the introduction of voluntary laboratory-based experiences within a first-year medical neuroanatomy course. The first research question evaluated the effect of hands-on laboratory experiences on examination performance between participants and non-participants. There …

Successful Flexible Bronchoscopic Extraction Of A Dental Foreign Body Aspirated Into The Left Mainstem Bronchus, Alexys Bolden, Hayden Cooper, Lynnetta Payne, Mark Coomes, Mark Cooper

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a potentially life-threatening emergency that commonly occurs in children but varies widely in clinical presentation. Rapid diagnosis and intervention are of the utmost importance to prevent complications such as airway obstruction, infection, and lung injury. While uncommon in adults, most encountered causes occur in the setting of intoxication, neuromuscular weakness, or iatrogenic dental work. Those with dental prostheses are especially susceptible due to the partially attached nature, rendering the risk of accidental dislodgement. This report discusses an uncommon case wherein an 82-year-old male aspirated a dental bridge into his left mainstem bronchus during routine dental …

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex: An Anatomical And Medical Illustration Study., Hallie Tiburzi, Carlos A G Machado, Massimo S D'Antoni, R Shane Tubbs

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Recent advances in small-joint arthroscopy and cutting-edge magnetic resonance imaging systems have enabled orthopedic surgeons to perform more complex repairs of the wrist. Such repairs can include those of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) of the wrist that necessitates a reappraisal of its morphometry with special emphasis on the relationship between its articular disc (AD) and surrounding tissues. The TFCC AD is a fibrocartilaginous, biconcave structure located between the ulnar styloid process and the carpal bones of the wrist. We carefully dissected and measured the ADs of 58 wrists from 34 embalmed cadavers (20 females, 14 males) and fabricated three-dimensional …

Maternal Health And Congenital Heart Defects: Investigating Ventricular Septal Defects In South Texas Region 11, Miguel A. Lopez, Sophia Moon, Jonathan M. Hebert, Padmanabhan Rengasamy

Research Symposium

Congenital heart defects are a known risk factor for early childhood mortality and can be traced to poor maternal health, a crisis plaguing the South Texas region. This perspective research project utilizes previously computed data on the prevalence of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in South Texas region 11 combined with a comprehensive literature review to investigate the correlation between both maternal obesity and diabetes with VSD. Current literature supports a significant association between maternal diabetes and VSD, with one Russian study reporting an eight to nine fold increased risk in VSD in children born to diabetic mothers. By contrast, the …

Congenital Rickets, Melissa Intriago

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

No abstract provided.

Optimizing Decision-Making In A Cerebral Palsy Model Using Reinforcement Learning, Richard Ampah

Pitzer Senior Theses

This study presents an original interdisciplinary investigation into how reinforcement learning (RL) can model motor and cognitive defects and potentially improve motor and cognitive functions in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), a non-progressive neurological disorder that impairs movement and adaptability. Integrating computational neuroscience and machine learning, the research applies policy gradient methods and Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to simulate adaptive learning in agents with and without CP-related constraints.

The central aim is to compare the cumulative rewards of optimal policies, derived from value iteration, and human-like learning policies using the REINFORCE algorithm, both with and without the Bellman baseline. The …

Bilateral Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome: A Rare And Challenging Case Report, Jose Burgos, Gabriela Llerena, Spencer Rheingold, Jorge De La Portilla

HCA-NSU MD Research Day

Bilateral Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome: A Rare and Challenging Case Report Burgos, Jose Julian, MD, MDIV, HCA Florida Kendall Department of Vascular Surgery Miami, Florida. Llerena, Gabriela2, OMSIV, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine. Rheingold, Spencer, MSIV, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine. De La Portilla, Jorge MD, assistant professor, HCA Florida Kendall Department of Vascular Surgery Miami, Florida1 Objective: This case describes an atypical presentation of PES in an older male patient who presented with a sudden onset of symptoms without a history of claudication. Background: Popliteal entrapment syndrome (PES) is a …

Evolution Of Global Anatomy Research Through Covid-19: A Post-Pandemic Evaluation, Harsh Chheda, Santanu De

FDLA Journal

The Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) struck the world with a deep impact on many countries' healthcare systems. More specifically, anatomical research experienced a drastic setback due to the limitations and restrictions placed upon them by the medical community. This study aims to review how COVID-19 guidelines presented conflict regarding the retrieval and use of cadavers, as well as how anatomy research was modified on a global scale owing to the pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak called for several changes upon each significant anatomical research technique, ranging from cadaver dissection to diagnostic imaging. Given the remarkable shift in medical research guidelines …

Differential Roles Of Key Brain Regions: Ventral Tegmental Area, Locus Coeruleus, Dorsal Raphe, Nucleus Accumbens, Caudate Nucleus, And Prefrontal Cortex In Regulating Response To Methylphenidate: Insights From Neuronal And Behavioral Studies In Freely Behaving Rats, Nachum Dafny, Catherine Claussen, Emilee Frazier, Yin Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A total of 3102 neurons were recorded before and following acute and chronic methylphenidate (MPD) administration. Acute MPD exposure elicits mainly increases in neuronal and behavioral activity in dose–response characteristics. The response to chronic MPD exposure, as compared to acute 0.6, 2.5, or 10.0 mg/kg MPD administration, elicits electrophysiological and behavioral sensitization in some animals and electrophysiological and behavioral tolerance in others when the neuronal recording evaluations were performed based on the animals’ behavioral responses, or amount of locomotor activity, to chronic MPD exposure. The majority of neurons recorded from those expressing behavioral sensitization responded to chronic MPD with further …

Strict Conservation Yet Non-Essential Nature Of Plasmid Gene Bba40 In The Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, Yuqi Zhu, Yili Zhang, Hui Chen, Lisha Zhang, Chensi Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The increasing concern over climate change has spurred significant interest in exploring the potential of microalgae for wastewater treatment. Among the various types of industrial wastewaters, high-salinity NH₄⁺-N wastewater stands out as a common challenge. Investigating microalgae’s resilience to NH₄⁺-N under high-salinity conditions and their efficacy in NH₄⁺-N utilization is crucial for advancing industrial wastewater microalgae treatment technologies. This study evaluated the effectiveness of employing nitrogen-efficient microalgae, specifically Oocystis lacustris, for NH₄⁺-N removal from saline wastewater. The results revealed Oocystis lacustris’s tolerance to a Na_{2 …}

Cns-Associated Macrophages Contribute To Intracerebral Aneurysm Pathophysiology, Martina Glavan, Ana Jelic, Damien Levard, Juhana Frösen, Sara Keränen, Bart A A Franx, Ana-Rita Bras, Estelle R Louet, Ádám Dénes, Mario Merlini, Denis Vivien, Marina Rubio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Simple Summary

Vestibular schwannoma (VS), benign cranial nerve sheath tumors of the vestibulocochlear nerve, lack efficacious systemic therapies, especially if they develop in a NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) background. They cause hearing loss, tinnitus and balance problems. Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is a key driver of metastasis. Although MACC1 expression is associated with highly malignant tumors and VS are considered benign, both are attached to the HGF/MET signaling pathway and MACC1 is a candidate gene localized at a hearing loss-related gene locus. Therefore, it was investigated whether MACC1 might be involved in VS pathogenesis. Surprisingly, MACC1 expression …

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Hybrid Remnant Preservation Reconstruction Demonstrates Similar Outcomes As Traditional Reconstruction After 6 Months: A Randomized Control Trial, Joshua P. Castle, Eleftherios L. Halkias, Brittaney Pratt, Ashley Frei, Matthew A. Gasparro, Vasilios Moutzouros

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is often debrided during reconstruction (ACLR) to improve visualization. However, remnant ACL tissue contains nerve fibers and including remnant tissue in ACLR could provide benefit. Therefore, a technique was developed that preserves the tibial remnant and incorporates it into ACLR: Hybrid Remnant Preservation Reconstruction (HRPR) ACLR. This study compares HRPR-ACLR to traditional reconstruction by comparing patient reported outcomes and complications.

Methods

Patients presenting to one surgeon's clinic with an ACL injury are screened. Exclusion criteria are patient age<14 years, multi-ligament injury, chronic tears, and revision ACLR. Patients are consented and randomized to HRPR or traditional ACLR. Demographics, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion (ROM) and complications were collected.

Results

Thirty-three patients were included, 20 HRPR and 13 controls. No demographic differences were noted. PROMIS-PF, …

The Emerging Importance Of Skull-Brain Interactions In Traumatic Brain Injury, Peixi Zhao, Rui Jin, Bin Zhao, Le Han, Wenjuan Chen, Nina Hao, Yi Cui, Ankit Madan, Joy Awosika, Shane Lloyd, Yili Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and Objective

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely applied and studied in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, and have achieved good results. However, in clinical practice, it has been observed that only some patients respond well to ICIs, and some patients may experience various degrees of adverse reactions during the treatment. Timely evaluation of the potential therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of ICIs for patients has important clinical significance. This review aimed to summarize recent progress regarding efficacy-associated biomarkers for ICIs in GI cancer.

Methods

The literature on ICI treatment in GI cancers was searched in the …

Shewanella Phage Encoding A Putative Anti-Crispr-Like Gene Represents A Novel Potential Viral Family, Hongmin Wang, Kaiyang Zheng, Min Wang, Keran Ma, Linyi Ren, Ruizhe Guo, Lina Ma, Hong Zhang, Yundan Liu, Yao Xiong, Miaolan Wu, Hongbing Shao, Yeong Yik Sung, Wen Jye Mok, Li Lian Wong, Andrew Mcminn, Yantao Liang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Shewanella is a prevalent bacterial genus in deep-sea environments including marine sediments, exhibiting diverse metabolic capabilities that indicate its significant contributions to the marine biogeochemical cycles. However, only a few Shewanella phages were isolated and deposited in the NCBI database. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel Shewanella phage, vB_SbaS_Y11, that infects Shewanella KR11 and was isolated from the sewage in Qingdao, China. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that vB_SbaS_Y11 has an icosahedral head and a long tail. The genome of vB_SbaS_Y11 is a linear, double-stranded DNA with a length of 62,799 bp and a G+C …

Formulation Of Preservation Solutions For Model Generation With In Vivo Tissue Morphology, Holly Pickett

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Boosting The Electron Beam Transmittance Of Field Emission Cathode Using A Self-Charging Gate, Dongyang Xiao, Huanhuan Du, Leimeng Sun, Xiaochen Suo, Yurong Wang, Yili Zhang, Shaolin Zhang, Shuangyang Kuang, Fangjing Hu, Liangcheng Tu, Daren Yu, Peiyi Song

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The gate-type carbon nanotubes cathodes exhibit advantages in long-term stable emission owing to the uniformity of electrical field on the carbon nanotubes, but the gate inevitably reduces the transmittance of electron beam, posing challenges for system stabilities. In this work, we introduce electron beam focusing technique using the self-charging SiN_x/Au/Si gate. The potential of SiN_x is measured to be approximately −60 V quickly after the cathode turning on, the negative potential can be maintained as the emission goes on. The charged surface generates rebounding electrostatic forces on the following electrons, significantly focusing the electron beam on the …

Increased Cysteinyl-Trna Synthetase Drives Neuroinflammation In Alzheimer’S Disease, Xiu-Hong Qi, Peng Chen, Yue-Ju Wang, Zhe-Ping Zhou, Xue-Chun Liu, Hui Fang, Chen-Wei Wang, Ji Liu, Rong-Yu Liu, Han-Kui Liu, Zhen-Xin Zhang, Jiang-Ning Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not only a response to pathophysiological events, but also plays a causative role in neurodegeneration. Cytoplasmic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is considered to be a stimulant for immune responses to diseases; however, it remains unknown whether CARS is involved in the pathogenesis of AD.

Methods

Postmortem human temporal cortical tissues at different Braak stages and AD patient-derived serum samples were used to investigate the changes of CARS levels in AD by immunocytochemical staining, real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA. After that, C57BL/6J and APP/PS1 transgenic mice and BV-2 cell line were used to …

Vibrio Cyclitrophicus Phage Encoding Gene Transfer Agent Fragment, Representing A Novel Viral Family, Yao Xiong, Keran Ma, Xiao Zou, Yantao Liang, Kaiyang Zheng, Tiancong Wang, Hong Zhang, Yue Dong, Ziyue Wang, Yundan Liu, Hongbing Shao, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Vibrio is a prevalent bacterial genus in aquatic environments and exhibits diverse metabolic capabilities, playing a vital role in marine biogeochemical cycles. This study isolated a novel virus infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. The vB_VviC_ZQ26 comprises a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 42,982 bp and a G + C content of 43.21 %, encoding 72 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Transmission electron microscope characterization indicates a siphoviral-morphology of vB_VviC_ZQ26. Nucleic-acids-wide analysis indicates a tetranucleotide frequency deviation for genomic segments encoding putative gene transfer agent protein (GTA) and coil-containing protein, implying divergent …

Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block: An Objective Structured Clinical Examination For First-Year Anesthesia Providers, Andrew Edwards, Jonathan Mardis

Doctoral Projects

The use of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) in anesthetic practice is an invaluable tool for anesthesia providers to implement into their daily practice. One of these regional techniques is the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) which has anesthetic implications in numerous surgical procedures including cervical spine, thoracolumbar spine, thoracic wall, and chest wall procedures. Because of the novelty of this regional anesthetic technique, it is important to educate first-year anesthesia providers about the implications, skillset, and complications of the ESPB.

To bridge the gap between didactic knowledge and clinical practice in first-year anesthesia providers, an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) …