Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition Commons^™

Use Of Urine Samples For Ethanol Analysis, Patricia Schechter Lough

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Metabolism Of Branched-Chain Amino Acids By Rat Skeletal Muscle: Regulation Of Branched-Chain Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase, Robert Paul Aftring

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Catabolism of the essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by skeletal muscle of the rat was investigated. In diaphragm muscles incubated in vitro oxidation and transamination of leucine or valine were accelerated by diabetes or starvation overnight. In the presence of pyruvate, transamination of BCAA by diaphragms was increased; oxidation of BCAA by diaphragms from diabetic or starved rats was increased by pyruvate but was inhibited in diaphragms of normal, fed rats. The effects on transamination were verified by direct measurements of the alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) product of leucine transamination. The effect of pyruvate on KIC oxidation by diaphragms was similar to …

The Effect Of Dietary Alpha - Linolenic Acid On Apparent Risk Factors Of Cardiovascular Disease, Kelvin D. Lindbeck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Eight healthy male lacto-ovo-vegetarian subjects averaging 28.0 ± 3.6 years of age (22 to 53 years) were fed a diet rich in α-linolenic acid (18:3 ω 3) for four weeks. Arterial blood pressure and body weight were recorded each week. Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α (6-keto- PGF_1α ), thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and total phospholipid fatty acid composition were analyzed at 0, 2 and 4 weeks.

Systolic blood pressure increased significantly between weeks 0 and 1 (106.5 ± 2.7 mmHg to 114.0 ± 3.7 mmHg; p < 0.003), but decreased to 107.3 t 2.6 mrHg (p < 0.02) at week 2. There was an insignificant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures after four weeks. There was no significant change in either total cholesterol or triglyceride levels during the four weeks.

Plasma 6-keto-PGF_1α levels increased significantly from 60.13 ± …

The Zinc Status Of Pregnant Vegetarian Women, Michelle J. Abu-Assal

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The zinc status of twelve lacto-ovo-vegetariah pregnant women and seventeen non-vegetarian pregnant women was evaluated. Zinc intakes were calculated from three-day dietary records and twenty-four hour dietary histories. Plasma zinc levels were drawn during the last trimester of pregnancy and approximately ten weeks postpartum. Gestational age at birth, birthweight, and APGAR scores of the infants born were obtained from the medical charts. Dietary zinc intakes for the vegetarians (10.5 ± 4.0 mg) did not differ significantly from the intakes of the non-vegetarians (10.9 ± 3.0 mg). The vegetarian last trimester plasma zinc levels (47.9 ± 12.4 mcg/dl) and postpartum plasma …

Aspects Of Anuran Metabolism: Effects Of Chronic Hypoxia On Maximal Oxygen Uptake Rates And The Fate Of Lactic Acid, Thomas Charles Solberg

Dissertations and Theses

Some aspects of anuran metabolism are examined, with special emphasis on possible limitations to aerobic metabolism and the effect of chronic hypoxia acclimation on maximal rates of aerobic metabolism and the metabolic fate of lactic acid accumulated after anaerobic metabolism.

Muscle Catabolism During A Protein Sparing Modified Fast As Measured By Urinary 3-Methylhistidine, Judith D. Nielsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The urinary excretion of 3-Methylhistidine was used as an index of muscle catabolism in four groups of obese persons receiving a Protein Sparing Modified Fast (PSMF). The composition of the supplements were as follows: Group I: 75 g protein, 25 g complex carbohydrate (starch) per day; Group II: 25 g protein, 75 g complex carbohydrate (starch) per day; Group III: 75 g protein, 25 g simple carbohydrate (glucose) per day; Group IV: 25 g protein, 75 g simple carbohydrate (glucose) per day. The PSMF lasted for seven days and a 24-hour urine sample was collected at the beginning of the …

The Role Of The Parotid Salivary Glands In The Regulation Of Insulin Secretion, Kenneth L. Millard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Stress of handling, partial or complete sialoadenectomy, and the administration of parotid hormone (PH), sodium fluoride (NaF), or guanidino-succinic acid (GSA) were examined for effects on fasting plasma glucose and insulin or effects on intravenous glucose tolerance in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Basal glucose and insulin were substantially elevated as a result of the stress of translocation in large animals, but were not altered in small animals. A rise in plasma insulin occured in control animals 20 minutes following anesthesia and the removal of a blood sample by cardiac puncture but not in animals that had been handled twice daily for …

The Effect Of A Pufa Diet On Human Red Blood Cell Levels Of 2, 3-Dpg, Sandra A. Dassenko

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fasting blood was collected at weekly intervals and the level of 2,3-DPG of the red blood cell was determined in 15 male subjects age 28 to 57 with serum cholesterol levels greater than 250 mg%. A lactovegetarian diet containing no cholesterol, a high level of dietary fiber and a P/S ratio of 4.0 was provided for 28 days.

During the course of the experimental period the 2,3-DPG increased by an average of 0.83> «moles/ml red blood cell which was highly significant (p^.001). This significant increase of 2,3-DPG which relates to an increased oxygen delivery capability of the red blood cells …

The Relationship Of Alcohol Consumption In Rats To Morphine And Codeine Intake And The Metabolism Of Dopamine, Hsiu Fen Liu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of morphine and codeine free-choice alcohol consumption in male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Intakes of a 10% alcohol solution in milliliters per 100 gm. of body weight were on recorded weekly. No difference was found in the alcohol intake of rats given either a morphine-supplemented diet (0.01% of the diet) or daily injection of morphine sulfate (2 mg./kg.); however, there was a significant lower intake of water (p < .05) in those rats fed the diet with morphine. Total fluid consumption of both groups given the morphine-supplemented diet and daily injection of morphine sulfate was decreased (p < .05). It was found that morphine did not affect the percentage of total fluid consumed as alcohol or the weight gain.

Two levels of codeine phosphate (10 mg./kg. and 20 mg./kg.) were injected subcutaneously into rats twice a day. It was observed that the codeine significantly decreased alcohol intake in rats …

The Synthesis Of Active Site Directed Inhibitors For The Lac Permease Of Escherichia Coli, Mahmoud Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Glucose On The Food Intake Of Goldthioglucose Injected Mice, Janet Lahti

Dissertations and Theses

Jean Mayer has postulated the presence of glucoreceptors located primarily in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei of the brain which are activated by glucose in the measure that they utilize it. According to Mayer, hunger occurs when glucose is not available for metabolic purposes and satiation supervenes when glucose is made available. Control of this mechanism rests with the glucoreceptors. These receptors are believed to be destroyed when an injection of the compound goldthioglucose is given to mice. These animals subsequently become obese and are found to have gold deposits and lesions in the ventromedial area and also in other parts …

The Duration Of The Effect Of Different Carbohydrates On Neutrophilic Phagocytosis, Judy L. Reeser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In order to determine the duration of the effect of glucose, fructose, sucrose, honey, starch, and orange juice on neutrophilic phagocytosis, 10 subjects underwent a complete series of carbohydrate tolerance tests. Blood samples were drawn at specific time periods following ingestion of 100 grams of each carbohydrate. Blood was then analyzed for glucose and phagocytic index (the mean number of bacteria engulfed per leukocyte); a red blood cell and white blood cell count and differential white cell count were done also on about 1/2 of the samples. In addition, 7 other subjects participated in a fasting study in which no …

The Effect Of Exercise On Metabolic Rate With Time In Overweight And Normal Weight Subjects, Roberta Jewell Keswick

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Previous studies in the Lome Linda University laboratory showed that obese subjects on an exercise program lost approximately one pound more per week as compared to a non-exercise group. Energy expenditure calculations of the exercise did not account for the total caloric deficit required to lose the additional pound. The present study was designed to investigate changes in BMR and metabolic rate with time for normal weight and overweight subjects involved in a practical exercise program. The relationship of changes in BMR and metabolic rate in coping with the problems of obesity were also studied.

Fifteen subjects, eight overweight and …

Some Aspects Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The Cercariae Of Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon, 1907, A. Eugene Dunham Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cercariac of Schistosoma mansoni were studied for glycogen utilization, uptake of glucose from solution, lactic acid production, and respiration.

Using the anthrone method of determination of carbohydrate, the amount of glycogen used by a single cercaria in 4 hours is determined as 43.2 x 10^-4 μg ± 6.6 x 10^-4 μg.

Glucose was not observed to have been used from solution under the conditions of the experiment, even in the presence of trehalose. The determinations were made by the Glucostat method.

After deproteinization and desugarization, aliquots of supernatant from cercarial suspensions were analyzed for lactic acid using p-phenylphenol …

Scientific Approach To 4-H Food Projects, Grace Brill

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The scientific approach to 4-H food projects resulted from the stress on science from federal extension personnel of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and from surveys and consultations with representatives of the National Science Foundation. The result has been six bulletins prepared by the extension nutritionists of the University of Minnesota for the approximately 24,000 4-H members, aged 9 to 19, enrolled in 4-H food projects in Minnesota. The scientific approach has, consequently, added the question of "why" to the traditional 4-H approach of "how-to-do-it."

The Improvement Of Peripheral Blood Flow During Hemorrhagic Hypotension Following Phenoxybenzamine Treatment Expressed In Terms Of Extracellular Potassium Shifts, Thomas J. Wera

Master's Essays (1922 - )

The study of plasma electrolytes notably, the potassium and sodium ions during hemorrhagic stress and other forms of shock, were once the subject of intense investigation (42). However, the advent of new investigative techniques enabled more complex, experimental designs and methods to be used in which it was possible to study the many other variables which exist as a result of shock regardless of cause. The proponents of the probable electrolyte mechanism in shock subsequently diminished in numbers until recent times.

It is felt by this author that recent renewal regarding the various ions, especially the cations, sodium and potassium …

The Effect Of Varying Protein Intake On Trichinella Spiralis Infection In Mice, Clare K. Kwan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Three hundred Swiss Webster albino mice three weeks of age were placed on low (8%), medium (24%), high (48%) protein levels and a commercial laboratory animal feed, Purina Chow for various lengths of time: (1) simultaneously with infection, and four weeks thereafter, (2) three weeks before infection and throughout the four-week infection period, and (3) six weeks prior to infection and during the infection period. The protein source was casein. Sixty of the 300 mice used served as noninfected controls, and the other 240 were each infected with 400 washed, suspended Trichinella spiralis larvae obtained from a rat by the …

Effect Of Isocaloric Unsaturated Fats On Serum Cholesterol Of Patients Treated With Hypocholesterolemic Agents, Yvonne Marie Hatley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of a high unsaturated-low saturated fat diet on serum cholesterol levels were studied. Subjects were clinic patients receiving the following hypocholesterolmeic agents: triparanol (MER-29), diildothyroacetic acid (Diac), dextrothyroxine (d-T₄) and 3-methoxy-16, alpha-methyl-1,3,5, (10)-estratriene-16 beta, 17 beta-diol (Manvene or Anvene).

Fifteen hypercholesterolemic patients, eleven of whom were diabetic, were placed on diets with prescribed amounts of unsaturated fat. The caloric distribution was 40 per cent carbohydrate, 20 per cent protein, and 40 per cent fat. The level of unsaturated fat was 70 per cent of the total fat.

Seventy-one per cent of the patients on the hypocholesterolemic …