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Articles 271 - 300 of 346
Full-Text Articles in Medical Education
An Examination Of The Effects Of Various Procedures To Improve Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Michael Vela, Amanda Skaggs, Andrew Gutierrez, Caitlin Tagle, Kevin Canales, Mayra Limas, Gabriel Figueroa, Ulku Karabulut, Murat Karabulut
An Examination Of The Effects Of Various Procedures To Improve Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Michael Vela, Amanda Skaggs, Andrew Gutierrez, Caitlin Tagle, Kevin Canales, Mayra Limas, Gabriel Figueroa, Ulku Karabulut, Murat Karabulut
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a condition typically accompanied with muscular pain and stiffness. Prior research suggests that applying external pressure to muscle following DOMS may aid in the recovery process. PURPOSE: To examine the acute effects of various recovery methods on DOMS. METHODS: Following intense DOMS-inducing exercise, nine males (age = 23.6 ± 2.4 years) were exposed to three treatment conditions (foam rolling (FR); body tempering (BT); blood flow restriction (BFR)) or control in a random order. Resting blood pressures were observed and recorded each laboratory visit. Subjects warmed up with a 5-minute treadmill walk at …
Comparison Of Bioimpedance Analysis And Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry In Division Iii Football Athletes, Dylan J. Birdsell, Grant Tinsley, Javier Zaragoza, Matthias Tinnin, Jessica Prather, Christine Harrison, Shay Smith, Chris Lockwood, Lem Taylor
Comparison Of Bioimpedance Analysis And Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry In Division Iii Football Athletes, Dylan J. Birdsell, Grant Tinsley, Javier Zaragoza, Matthias Tinnin, Jessica Prather, Christine Harrison, Shay Smith, Chris Lockwood, Lem Taylor
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Body composition is an integral component of physiology and pathology, as well as an indication of how the musculoskeletal system changes over time in response to training and/or nutritional modifications. Two common methods of estimating body composition include bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There is a debate regarding the agreement between these two methods, and it is thought that the population being tested may influence the similarity of estimates obtained by these technologies. Limited data comparing these two methodologies in athletic populations are available. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to take examine the agreement …
Impairments In Cerebral Autoregulation Is Associated With Postural Control In Sports Related Concussion, Abigail L. Reichow, Madison Mccredie, Mathew Stokes, Kathleen R. Bell, Sushmita Purkayastha
Impairments In Cerebral Autoregulation Is Associated With Postural Control In Sports Related Concussion, Abigail L. Reichow, Madison Mccredie, Mathew Stokes, Kathleen R. Bell, Sushmita Purkayastha
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Global and regional deficits in cerebral blood flow are reported with concussions, a major public health concern, with approximately 3.8 million incidences occurring annually in the United States alone. Recent studies have identified an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries in athletes upon return-to-play. Complexity index is a sensitive marker of postural control, with low complexity index indicating a poor physiological adaptation to stress. PURPOSE: Twofold; 1. Examine complexity index and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) at rest and during physical stress (rhythmic squatting) in collegiate athletes following a concussion in comparison to non-injured controls. 2. Examine the association between complexity …
Effects Of Community-Based Exercise Training Among Older Individuals With Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Or Muscle Atrophy, Stacie B. Black, Nikhat Jharia, Binal Dholariya, Seth George, Anne Anders, Kirk L. English, Julianna M. Dean, William E. Amonette
Effects Of Community-Based Exercise Training Among Older Individuals With Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Or Muscle Atrophy, Stacie B. Black, Nikhat Jharia, Binal Dholariya, Seth George, Anne Anders, Kirk L. English, Julianna M. Dean, William E. Amonette
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Exercise training is associated with increased health benefits such as improved quality of life, mental health, and physical functioning. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of structured aerobic and resistance exercise training on body composition, functional tests, and quality of life in older individuals in a community-based facility. We hypothesized that at least moderate participation in the program would decrease fat mass, improve outcomes on grip and timed movement tests, and increase quality of life. METHODS: Twenty subjects who were members from a community-based institute participated in the study (7M:13F; 69.10 ± 6.40 …
The Metabolic Cost Of Pushing Versus Carrying A Golfbag, Leilani Mcdaniel, Edward Merritt, Scott P. Mclean
The Metabolic Cost Of Pushing Versus Carrying A Golfbag, Leilani Mcdaniel, Edward Merritt, Scott P. Mclean
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The two most common non-motorized methods for transporting golf clubs in recreational and amateur golf are carrying a double strap bag or pushing a wheeled cart. The transportation method of golf clubs can have a direct impact on the necessary metabolic, musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory requirements of golf performance. PURPOSE: To compare the metabolic cost of pushing versus carrying a golf bag. METHODS: Twenty two participants (18 Male, 3 Female, 24.2±8.9 yrs, 176.6±14.5 cm, and 76.2±14.5 kg) were recruited for one session in which they walked one mile while carrying and one mile while pushing a 25lb golf bag (determined as …
Influence Of Subject Presentation On Body Composition Estimates From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Air Displacement Plethysmography, And Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Baylor A. Johnson, Jacob R. Dellinger, Marqui L. Benavides, Robert W. Smith, Sarah J. White, Abegale D. Williams, Christian Rodriguez, Grant M. Tinsley
Influence Of Subject Presentation On Body Composition Estimates From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Air Displacement Plethysmography, And Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Baylor A. Johnson, Jacob R. Dellinger, Marqui L. Benavides, Robert W. Smith, Sarah J. White, Abegale D. Williams, Christian Rodriguez, Grant M. Tinsley
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Body composition assessment devices are commonly employed to track changes associated with exercise or nutritional interventions. However, many individuals undergo body composition assessments with little to no pre-testing standardization of dietary intake or physical activity, potentially introducing error into their results. PURPOSE: To examine the validity of unstandardized body composition assessments relative to standardized assessments using three common body composition assessment devices. METHODS: Twenty-three resistance-trained males (Mean ± SD; 21.6 ± 2.6 years; 71.3 ± 6.8 kg; 177.4 ± 5.9 cm; 17.4 ± 4.1% DXA-derived percent body fat [%BF]) underwent paired body composition assessments via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry …
Comparison Of The Effects Of Two Different Resistance Training Programs On Strength In Older Males., Ricardo Parra, Murat Karabulut
Comparison Of The Effects Of Two Different Resistance Training Programs On Strength In Older Males., Ricardo Parra, Murat Karabulut
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Age-related decrement in skeletal muscle strength can be attenuated by resistance training. Blood-flow restriction training has shown promising results when working with lighter loads, mimicking the response to resistance training at moderate-to-high- intensities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of blood flow restriction (BFR) training and traditional endurance resistance training on isotonic, isokinetic, isometric strength in older males. METHODS: A total of 17 males (57.0 yr ± 4.6 yr) completed the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to two training groups: blood flow restriction (BFR; n= 9) or endurance resistance training (END; n …
Attempting To Acutely Manipulate Ground Contact Time Imbalances Impairs Running Economy, Broderick L. Dickerson, Eric J. Jones, Dani D. Willis, Dustin P. Joubert
Attempting To Acutely Manipulate Ground Contact Time Imbalances Impairs Running Economy, Broderick L. Dickerson, Eric J. Jones, Dani D. Willis, Dustin P. Joubert
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Running economy (RE) is a key performance determinant. Biomechanical markers have been linked to RE, including ground contact time (GCT), cadence, and vertical oscillation (VO). Recently, we showed a strong relationship between GCT imbalances and RE. Because these markers can be tracked real-time with consumer-wearable devices, runners now have access to instant feedback concerning their mechanics. PURPOSE: Determine if attempting to correct GCT imbalances real-time alters mechanics and RE. METHODS: 7 recreational runners (38 ± 15 years, 24.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2, 5 male) completed 2, 10-minute running trials (9.65 km/hr) on separate days. For both trials, subjects ran …
Effects Of Yoga On A Vibration Platform With Or Without Blood Flow Restriction, Fnu Mahjabin, Bianca Cepeda, Cecilio Gutierrez, Jasmine Aviles, Karina Torres, Valquiria Caboclo, Ulku Karabulut, Murat Karabulut
Effects Of Yoga On A Vibration Platform With Or Without Blood Flow Restriction, Fnu Mahjabin, Bianca Cepeda, Cecilio Gutierrez, Jasmine Aviles, Karina Torres, Valquiria Caboclo, Ulku Karabulut, Murat Karabulut
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The combination of Yoga with novel modalities like vibration platform and blood flow restriction might exert enhanced physiological responses. PURPOSE: To investigate acute effects of yoga performed on a vibration platform (VP) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on hemodynamics, flexibility, and lower extremity explosive power. METHODS: Total 17 healthy subjects, 8 males (age= 22 ± 4.2 years) and 9 females (age= 24.2 ± 2.9 years), were screened by questionnaires, read and signed informed consent, and participated in the study. Subjects completed 4 separate randomized yoga sessions (on the floor, on the floor with BFR (FL+BFR), on …
Effects Of Different Intensity And Duration Of Warm-Up On Hemodynamics, Jump Power, And Flexibility, Imtiaz Masfique Dowllah, Ezra Meza, Amanda Hankins, Orlando Cepeda, Klarissa Ybarra, Brenda Palma, Brianna Lopez, Manuel Nunez, Alexandria Hinojosa, Ulku Karabulut, Murat Karabulut
Effects Of Different Intensity And Duration Of Warm-Up On Hemodynamics, Jump Power, And Flexibility, Imtiaz Masfique Dowllah, Ezra Meza, Amanda Hankins, Orlando Cepeda, Klarissa Ybarra, Brenda Palma, Brianna Lopez, Manuel Nunez, Alexandria Hinojosa, Ulku Karabulut, Murat Karabulut
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Tabata protocol (TP), usually consisting of eight to nine bouts of 20-sec of maximal exercise with 10-sec rest, is time-efficient intervention with both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effectiveness of different variation of TP as a warm-up procedure. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy subjects (13 females and 12 males) participated in this study. Participants performed 6 randomized exercise sessions separated by at least 48 hours. The exercise sessions involved 3-min (TP3-20:10; TP3-30:10), 5-min (TP5-20:10; TP5-30:10) or 8-min (TP8-20:10; TP8-30:10) consecutive bodyweight squats of either 20-sec workout with 10-sec rest (20:10) or 30-sec workout with 10-sec rest …
Relationship Between Rate And Composition Of Mass Gain During Overfeeding Plus Resistance Training, Robert W. Smith, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Jacob Dellinger, Marqui Benavides, Baylor A. Johnson, Abegale D. Williams, Sarah White, Christian Rodriguez, Bradley Vincent, Grant M. Tinsley
Relationship Between Rate And Composition Of Mass Gain During Overfeeding Plus Resistance Training, Robert W. Smith, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Jacob Dellinger, Marqui Benavides, Baylor A. Johnson, Abegale D. Williams, Sarah White, Christian Rodriguez, Bradley Vincent, Grant M. Tinsley
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
A common goal among athletes is to gain additional body mass (BM), particularly fat-free mass (FFM), in order to improve muscle strength, power, and overall performance. Athletes typically undergo BM accretion over a specific period of time in conjunction with high-volume resistance training (RT) in order to preferentially gain FFM and promote concomitant muscular performance improvements. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the rate of BM gain and the proportion of BM gained as FFM versus fat mass (FM) during a 6-week period of overfeeding and resistance training. METHODS: 21 resistance-trained males …
Influence Of Acute Water Ingestion On Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Estimates Of Body Composition, Jacob R. Dellinger, Baylor A. Johnson, Matthew T. Stratton, Patrick S. Harty, Marqui Benavides, Sarah White, Abegale D. Williams, Robert W. Smith, Grant M. Tinsley
Influence Of Acute Water Ingestion On Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Estimates Of Body Composition, Jacob R. Dellinger, Baylor A. Johnson, Matthew T. Stratton, Patrick S. Harty, Marqui Benavides, Sarah White, Abegale D. Williams, Robert W. Smith, Grant M. Tinsley
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Body composition estimation is a significant component of health and fitness assessments. Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) uses multiple electrical frequencies that travel through body tissues in order to estimate fluid content and body composition. Prior to body composition assessments, it is common to implement a wet fast (i.e., a fasting period that allows water intake); however, the influence of a wet fast as compared to a dry fast (i.e., disallowing water intake) is relatively unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of acute water consumption on MFBIA body composition estimates. METHODS: A randomized crossover study was conducted in …
Perceived Wellness Of College Professors, Faculty And Staff, Molly E. Fenoglio, Andrew A. Wolfe
Perceived Wellness Of College Professors, Faculty And Staff, Molly E. Fenoglio, Andrew A. Wolfe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
With the current rise in various concerning health conditions, researchers are placing greater importance on overall wellness. The World Health Organization defines wellness as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Additionally, wellness is thought to be a crucial component to living a higher quality of life. Previous studies suggest that physical activity could play a large role in overall perceived wellness; however, current research has yet to explore this relationship. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to determine the relationship between physical wellness and the …
Static Cerebral Autoregulation Is Not Altered In Symptomatic Concussed Athletes During Acute Central Hypervolemia, M. Worley, M. O'Leary, J. Sackett, Z. Schlader, J. Leddy, B. Johnson
Static Cerebral Autoregulation Is Not Altered In Symptomatic Concussed Athletes During Acute Central Hypervolemia, M. Worley, M. O'Leary, J. Sackett, Z. Schlader, J. Leddy, B. Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Endothelial Permeability Compared At Various Times And Ages Post Skeletal Muscle Injury In Mice, S. Tusavitz, A. Carpenter
Endothelial Permeability Compared At Various Times And Ages Post Skeletal Muscle Injury In Mice, S. Tusavitz, A. Carpenter
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Appropriateness Of The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire To Identify Physically Active College Individuals, M. Sutherlin, K. Dames, K. Polasek
Appropriateness Of The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire To Identify Physically Active College Individuals, M. Sutherlin, K. Dames, K. Polasek
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Assessing Health Trends And Disparities Of College-Aged Students At A Mid-Atlantic Hbcu, M. Rothermel
Assessing Health Trends And Disparities Of College-Aged Students At A Mid-Atlantic Hbcu, M. Rothermel
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Effect Of Duration And Quality Of Sleep On College Student Health Behaviours And Outcomes, A. Rosso, O. Wilson, Z. Papalia, M. Duffey, M. Bopp
Effect Of Duration And Quality Of Sleep On College Student Health Behaviours And Outcomes, A. Rosso, O. Wilson, Z. Papalia, M. Duffey, M. Bopp
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Do Taxane Based Chemotherapies Impair Improvements In Vo2 In Female Cancer Survivors?, H. Piascik, K. Wonders, S. Lorusso
Do Taxane Based Chemotherapies Impair Improvements In Vo2 In Female Cancer Survivors?, H. Piascik, K. Wonders, S. Lorusso
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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The Influence Of Physical Activity, Diet, And Substance Use On Academic Performance, P. Matthews, O. Wilson, Z. Papalia, M. Duffey, M. Bopp
The Influence Of Physical Activity, Diet, And Substance Use On Academic Performance, P. Matthews, O. Wilson, Z. Papalia, M. Duffey, M. Bopp
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Effects Of Limb Dominance And Sex On Upper Extremity Tissue Composition, J. Kollars, L. Stong, R. Pulcini, A. Mccracken, C. Alvine, J. Andreacci, K. Beyer
Effects Of Limb Dominance And Sex On Upper Extremity Tissue Composition, J. Kollars, L. Stong, R. Pulcini, A. Mccracken, C. Alvine, J. Andreacci, K. Beyer
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Seasonal Differences In Active Transport Among College Students, J. Kauffman, O. Wilson, Z. Papalia, M. Duffey, M. Bopp
Seasonal Differences In Active Transport Among College Students, J. Kauffman, O. Wilson, Z. Papalia, M. Duffey, M. Bopp
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Evaluating Collagen Matrix Degradation After Acl Reconstruction Using Quantitative Mri, L. Faux-Dugan, J. Williams, K. Neal, A. Khandha, T. Buchanan
Evaluating Collagen Matrix Degradation After Acl Reconstruction Using Quantitative Mri, L. Faux-Dugan, J. Williams, K. Neal, A. Khandha, T. Buchanan
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Relative Age Effects In Men’S Collegiate Soccer Are Influenced By Nationality, Position, Class, And Success, K. Beyer, E. Hurley, L. Haile, B. Comstock
Relative Age Effects In Men’S Collegiate Soccer Are Influenced By Nationality, Position, Class, And Success, K. Beyer, E. Hurley, L. Haile, B. Comstock
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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Patellofemoral Syndrome, Prystyn M. Covington
Patellofemoral Syndrome, Prystyn M. Covington
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
CLINICAL PRESENTATION & EXAM: Patellofemoral syndrome is an aching pain at the front of the knee and is common in athletes. Patellofemoral syndrome occurs due to many factors such as overuse (repetitive stress on the knee), trauma to the knee, surgery, and weak muscles. Surgery to the knee using the patellar tendon as a graft to fix the anterior cruciate ligament greatly increases the risk of pain. Many factors play a role in increasing the risk of developing patellofemoral syndrome such as sports, age, and gender. Most people who develop patellofemoral syndrome tend to be adolescents or young adults. …
Fluctuations In Blood Biomarkers Of Head Trauma In Ncaa Men’S Soccer Athletes Over The Course Of A Season, Javier A. Zaragoza, Andreas Kreutzer, Jonathan Oliver, Anthony Joseph Anzalone, Tori Conger, David A. Julovich, James Hall, Sid O'Bryant, Stacie Urbina, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv
Fluctuations In Blood Biomarkers Of Head Trauma In Ncaa Men’S Soccer Athletes Over The Course Of A Season, Javier A. Zaragoza, Andreas Kreutzer, Jonathan Oliver, Anthony Joseph Anzalone, Tori Conger, David A. Julovich, James Hall, Sid O'Bryant, Stacie Urbina, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Repetitive subconcussive impacts to the head are commonplace in soccer. The ability to detect the extent of neurological injury due to these impacts over the course of a season is paramount. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to examine alterations in blood biomarkers of head injury over the course of a soccer season. METHODS: Sixteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) male soccer athletes participated in weekly blood sampling throughout an 18-week season. Athlete statistics were received from the coaches post-season. Serum samples were stored at -80°C until analysis for Tau and Neurofilament Light polypeptide (NFL) using …
The Effect Of Personality And Motivation On Athletic Performance, Erika R. Dubros
The Effect Of Personality And Motivation On Athletic Performance, Erika R. Dubros
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Motivation is key for athletes to perform at their peak performance. However, not all individuals are motivated in the same way. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of participant’s personality traits and applied intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the performance of a high intensity and low intensity physical task. METHODS: Fourteen participants (8 women, 6 men), with a mean (sd) age of 20.14 (0.91) yrs, completed the Ten-Item Personality Inventory to determine personality types (neuroticism, conscientiousness). Participants then performed in a random order, a high intensity physical activity (pacer test) and a low intensity …
Do Implantable, Progestin Only Contraceptives Alter The Bone Response To Unloading?, Ximena S. Vargas, Heather Cm Allaway, Sarah Little, Susan Bloomfield
Do Implantable, Progestin Only Contraceptives Alter The Bone Response To Unloading?, Ximena S. Vargas, Heather Cm Allaway, Sarah Little, Susan Bloomfield
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Hormonal contraception is routinely used by premenopausal women, including female astronauts, to suppress reproductive function. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC-progestin only) have become a common choice amongst women due to their practicality. PURPOSE: Understand the interaction of unloading and LARC on bone health. We hypothesize that the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical thickness of the tibia associated with hindlimb unloading (HU) will be lessened by LARC implantation. METHODS: Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=26; 4-mo-old) were singly housed and randomly assigned to placebo (PL) and LARC groups, via a slow-release etonogestrel pellet (0.00 vs. 0.09 vs. 0.17 …
The Effects Of Different Intensities Of Resistance Training On Hemodynamics, Edna Giselle Valadez Ortiz, Darian Gonzalez, Lynda Rosas, Akaela Rae Vidaña, Elisa Orozco
The Effects Of Different Intensities Of Resistance Training On Hemodynamics, Edna Giselle Valadez Ortiz, Darian Gonzalez, Lynda Rosas, Akaela Rae Vidaña, Elisa Orozco
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different resistance training intensities on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses. METHODS: 12 males and 12 females (19-28 age) participated in the study (5 sessions). On the first day, initial screening, anthropometric measures, cycle ergometer seat height, leg extension/leg curl machine setting, and familiarization with testing procedures were completed. On the second day, one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing was completed in 2 trials for each machine, starting with 10 min warm up on the cycle ergometer. Following general warm up, subjects performed specific warm up at 50% …
Spatiotemporal Parameters Of Gait In Active Older Adults, Suzanna Buckingham, Palma Rodriguez-Enriquez, Shana John, Roselle-Mae Robles, Marco Avalos, Brandon R. Rigby
Spatiotemporal Parameters Of Gait In Active Older Adults, Suzanna Buckingham, Palma Rodriguez-Enriquez, Shana John, Roselle-Mae Robles, Marco Avalos, Brandon R. Rigby
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Spatiotemporal parameters of gait can be defined as the time and space characteristics of an individual’s pattern of walking. Gait patterns often change as a result of aging, accompanied by changes in these parameters. PURPOSE: To analyze various spatiotemporal parameters of gait in active older adults and to compare them to known parameters in healthy older adults. METHODS: Spatiotemporal parameters were collected using a timing walkway (GAITRite®, Franklin, NJ). Twenty-three recreationally active participants (9 males and 14 females), age 67.7 ± 9.1 years, who participated in at least 150 min/week of physical activity, were recruited from local outreach …