Medical Education Commons^™

Perception Of Pathology As A Future Career Choice Among Medical Students From Karachi, Pakistan: Experience From A Private Medical School, Najia Bano Ghanchi, Raabia Nizamuddin Nizamuddin, Amna Qasim, Zahra Nur Khaled, Ahmed Buksh Raheem, Natasha Bahadur Ali, Naila Kayani, Mohammad Asim Beg

Medical College Documents

To determine the perception of pathology as a future career choice among medical students of a private medical school from Karachi, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 201 students participated in this study. All Students were approached randomly to participate. A total of 201 students participant survey forms were evaluated in this study. The overall satisfaction level with pathology was observed in 61.8% ofthe students. Majority of the students understood subspecialties which were a part of clinical medicine. Over half of the students thought pathology as a specialty should …

Students' Perceptions Of Usefulness Of Anatomy Demonstrations In Traditional And Hybrid Undergraduate Medical Education Curricula, Ayesha Saba Naz, Rehana Rehman, Zehra Jamil, Khalid Ahmed, Ambreen Surti

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

A cross-sectional study was carried out to study students' perceptions on the usefulness of Anatomy demonstrations (AD) in the undergraduate medical education by comparing the Conventional Medical College (CMC) and problem-based learning as hybrid curriculum (HMC). Purposive sampling technique was used and all students were included. The completed questionnaire responses were returned by 92 CMC and 87 HMC students. CMC cohort understood the structural relationship more than HMC (p=0.03). AD helped 50 students (54%) of CMC to get through the theory examination, however 73 (84%) students of HMC found them useful in preparation for theory examinations (p<0.001). The importance of AD as a major content delivery strategy cannot be overemphasized in the anatomy curriculum and useful teaching strategies from various undergraduate medical curricula, such as the use of the plastic and plastinated models and the session handouts.

Dialectics Of Imagination And Experimentation: Basic Science Research In Developing Countries, Hr Ahmad, Na Khan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Three Siblings With Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series, Owais Rashid, Naeemul Haque, Saad Farooq, Zareen Kiran,, Sabeeh Siddique, Shahid Pervez

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In 2015, thyroid carcinoma affected approximately 63,000 people in the USA, yet it remains one of the most treatable cancers. It is mainly classified into medullary and non-medullary types. Conventionally, medullary carcinoma was associated with heritability but increasing reports have now begun to associate non-medullary thyroid carcinoma with a genetic predisposition as well. It is important to identify a possible familial association in patients diagnosed with non-medullary thyroid carcinoma because these cancers behave more destructively than would otherwise be expected. Therefore, it is important to aggressively manage such patients and screening of close relatives might be justified. Our …

Making Lectures Memorable: A Cognitive Perspective, Azam Afzal, Shazia Babar

Department of Continuing Professional Education

Lectures have been a cornerstone of medical education since the introduction of a discipline based curricular model more than two hundred years ago. Recently this instructional strategy has come under criticism because of its reliance on passive learning. There are still many medical schools that cover content predominantly through lectures due to its feasibility. With the introduction of the flipped classrooms, lectures have been given a new lease of life.
Improving cognitive imprinting during lectures would enhance retrieval and promote long term storage. Simplifying the content reduces the cognitive load of the information being received and makes it more meaningful …

Stretching The Boundaries Of Medical Education: A Case Of Medical College Embracing Humanities And Social Sciences In Medical Education, Kulsoom Ghias, Kausar S. Khan, Rukhsana Ali, Shireen Azfar, Rashida Ahmed

Community Health Sciences

Objective:

Aga Khan University, a private medical college, had a vision of producing physicians who are not only scientifically competent, but also socially sensitive, the latter by exposure of medical students to a broad-based curriculum. The objective of this study was to identify the genesis of broad-based education and its integration into the undergraduate medical education program as the Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS) course.

Methods:

A qualitative methodology was used for this study. Sources of data included document review and in-depth key informant interviews. Nvivo software was utilized to extract themes.

Results:

The study revealed the process of operationalization …

Glycaemic Control In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Among Children And Adolescents In A Resource Limited Setting In Dar Es Salaam - Tanzania, Mariam Noorani, Kaushik Ramaiya, Karim Manji

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly growing problem in Tanzania. Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have previously been found to have poor glycaemic control and high prevalence of complications. Strict glycaemic control reduces the incidence and progression of chronic complications. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with glycaemic control among children and adolescents.

Methods

A cross sectional study was done at the diabetes clinic for children and adolescents. Data on socioeconomic, demographic and diabetes specific variables including adherence, diabetes knowledge, caregivers knowledge and their involvement in the care of the child …

Induction Process Of Trainees In Pathology Residency, Imran Siddiqui, Natasha Bahadur Ali

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

This article describes the evolution of the induction process of pathology residency at The Aga Khan University hospital. The Department of Postgraduate Medical Education was established in 1985. The induction process is an exhaustive exercise that includes an admission test held simultaneously in Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, and Rawalpindi, followed by an interview of the shortlisted candidates. The pathology residency program was started 25 years ago and since then the induction process has undergone major changes with the course of time.

Predicting Mortality In Low-Income Country Icus: The Rwanda Mortality Probability Model (R-Mpm), Elisabeth D. Riviello, Willy Kiviri, Robert A. Fowler, Ariel Mueller, Victor Novack, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, Julia L. Weinkauf, Daniel S. Talmor, Theogene Twagirumugabe

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Introduction

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) risk prediction models are used to compare outcomes for quality improvement initiatives, benchmarking, and research. While such models provide robust tools in high-income countries, an ICU risk prediction model has not been validated in a low-income country where ICU population characteristics are different from those in high- income countries, and where laboratory-based patient data are often unavailable. We sought to validate the Mortality Probability Admission Model, version III (MPM 0-III) in two public ICUs in Rwanda and to develop a new Rwanda Mortality Probability Model (R-MPM) for use in low-income countries.

Methods

We prospectively collected …

A Medical Editor's Utopia, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Lung Functions Among Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Dar Es Salaam – A Cross-Sectional Study, Mohamed Manji, Grace Shayo, Simon Mamuya, Rose Mpembeni, Ahmed Jusabani, Ferdinand Mugusi

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Approximately 40–60 % of patients remain sufferers of sequela of obstructive, restrictive or mixed patterns of lung disease despite treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The prevalence of these abnormalities in Tanzania remains unknown.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 501 patients with PTB who had completed at least 20 weeks of treatment. These underwent spirometry and their lung functions were classified as normal or abnormal (obstructive, restrictive or mixed). Logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with abnormal lung functions.

Results

Abnormal lung functions were present in 371 (74 %) patients. There were …

Medical Students' Perceptions Of Clinical Teachers As Role Model, Sonia Ijaz Haider, David R J Snead, Muhammad Furqan Bari

Department for Educational Development

Introduction: Role models facilitate student learning and assists in the development of professional identity. However, social organization and cultural values influence the choice of role models. Considering that the social organization and cultural values in South East Asia are different from other countries, it is important to know whether this affects the characteristics medical students look for in their role models in these societies.
Methods: A 32 item questionnaire was developed and self-administered to undergraduate medical students. Participants rated the characteristics on a three point scale (0 = not important, 1 = mildly important, 2 = very important). One way …

Institutionalized Training Of Research Editors, Saba Sohail, Jamshed Akhtar

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Challenges Of Providing Timely Feedback To Residents: Faculty Perspectives, Tabassum Zehra, M. Tariq, Afaq Motiwala, Syeda Kauser Ali, John Boulet

Department for Educational Development

Objective

To explore faculty's perceptions of challenges in providing verbal feedback to the Residents and suggest ways to overcome the barriers.

Methods

As part of a larger study on feedback assessment, five focus group discussions were conducted at the Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, during faculty development workshops held from January to June 2010. Qualitative grounded theory was used to explore faculty perceptions of challenges in providing verbal feedback to the Residents.

Results

Of the 54 faculty members, 49(91%) participated. Four themes that emerged were 'time constraint' indicating high patient load; 'faculty related issues' indicating faculty's apprehension …

Dual Antiplatelet Agents And Rivaroxaban For Massive Intracoronary Thrombus In Stemi, Nasiruddin Jamal, Mustaafa Bapumia

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Management of intracoronary thrombus in patients presenting more than 12 hours after the onset of ST elevation myocardial infarction is challenging. We present such a case which had massive thrombus in left anterior descending artery. It was managed successfully with dual antiplatelet agents and factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban administered orally

Knowledge And Attitude Towards Rape And Child Sexual Abuse – A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study In Rural Tanzania, Muzdalfat Abeid, Projestine Muganyizi, Siriel Massawe, Rose Mpembeni, Elisabeth Darj, Pia Axemo

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Violence against women and children is globally recognized as a social and human rights concern. In Tanzania, sexual violence towards women and children is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine community knowledge of and attitudes towards rape and child sexual abuse, and assess associations between knowledge and attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was undertaken between May and June 2012. The study was conducted in the Kilombero and Ulanga rural districts in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Men and women aged 18–49 years were eligible for the study. Through a three-stage …

Prevalence And Immediate Outcome Of Candida Colonized Preterm Neonates Admitted To Special Care Unit Of Mulago Hospital, Kampala Uganda, Yaser Abdallah, Deogratias Kaddu Mulindwa, Jolly Nankunda, Philippa M. Musoke

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background:

Candida species is the third commonest cause of sepsis among neonates. Colonization by Candida is a predictor for candidemia among preterm neonates.

Objectives:

To determine prevalence of early Candida colonization and early outcome among colonized preterm neonates admitted to Mulago hospital Special Care Unit.

Methods:

A prospective observational cohort was conducted between December 2008 and April 2009. Preterm neonates aged >72 hours and less than one week were screened for Candida colonization of the groin, oral pharynx and rectum using CHROMagar. Colonized neonates were followed up for 14 days. Blood cultures were done for those with signs of septicaemia. …

Transition: A Concept Of Significance To Nursing And Health Care Professionals, Nabeel Al-Yateem, Charles Docherty

Centre for Innovation in Medical Education

The concept of transition has growing significance within the healthcare settings. Healthcare professionals’ encounters with patients and family during periods of health-illness transitions in addition to other transitions (e.g., developmental) can be significant. Therefore healthcare professionals should be aware of the meaning and the process of transition, to ensure efficient and competent provision of care. This paper will explore the concept of transition in the context of healthcare, and will suggest strategies to enable professionals to manage transition effectively.

Job Stress Among Female Residents During Postgraduate Training At A University Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Madiha Hashmi, Fauzia A. Khan, Khan S, Ali S. K

Department of Anaesthesia

Background: Postgraduate medical training is a stressful experience for both male and female doctors but previous studies have shown that stress might be more prevalent amongst female residents. Since women make up 70-80% of medical graduates in Pakistan we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of stress among female residents during postgraduate training and identify the most common stressors.

Methodology: All female residents enrolled in postgraduate training programmes at the Aga Khan University meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited and informed written consent was obtained. Job Stress Inventory (JSI) was used to identify symptoms and sources of job stress. …

Fortifying The External Peer Review: An Editorial Perspective, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Motivation Of Clinical Faculty Towards Teaching And Learning., M. Tariq, Syed Ahsan Ali

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

How To Write An Introduction And Methods Of A Systematic Review Of Literature, Ashar Muhammad Malik

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Intellectual Wellness Awareness: A Neglected Area In Medical Universities Of Pakistan, Ayesha Saba Naz, Rehana Rehman, Shah Jahan Katpar, Mehwish Hussain

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

Objective: To compare the presence of intellectual wellness awareness in students of public and private sector

medical colleges in a metropolitan city.

Methods: The cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted from March to November 2011 at Bahria

University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, and overall covered five private and 3 public sector medical colleges of the

city. The study randomly selected 800 medical students. The responses -- never, sometimes, mostly and always (numbered

0-4) - were analysed in terms of frequency, proportion and percentages using Predictive Analysis Software version 18.

Results: Of the 800 forms distributed, 736(92%) completed forms were …

Community Perceptions Of Rape And Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study In Rural Tanzania, Muzdalfat Abeid, Projestine Muganyizi, Pia Olsson, Elisabeth Darj, Pia Axemo

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Rape of women and children is recognized as a health and human rights issue in Tanzania and internationally. Exploration of the prevailing perceptions in rural areas is needed in order to expand the understanding of sexual violence in the diversity of Tanzania’s contexts. The aim of this study therefore was to explore and understand perceptions of rape of women and children at the community level in a rural district in Tanzania with the added objective of exploring those perceptions that may contribute to perpetuating and/or hindering the disclosure of rape incidences.

Methods

A qualitative design was employed using focus …

Of Predatory Publishers And Spurious Impact Factors, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

A Take On Social Wellbeing Attributes By First Year Medical Students, Rehana Rehman, Maria Habib, Syeda Sadia Fatima

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To compare awareness about concept of social wellness in male and female first year medical students.

Methods: It was a cross sectional, questionnaire based study conducted from February till December 2010. Responses on aspects of social wellness were rated never, sometimes, mostly and always from lowest to highest (1-4); evaluated as frequency, proportion and percentages by PASW (Predictive analysis software) version 18. Chisquare test was applied for comparison of social wellness in both genders; results to be declared significant with pvalue <0.05.

Results: Overall score for social well being of females (20.24±4.50) was higher than male medical students (18.66±4.76; p …

Practice Of Written Feedback In Nursing Degree Programmes In Karachi: The Students' Perspective, Amina Aijaz Khowaja, Raisa B. Gul, Arusa Lakhani, Nusrat Fatima Rizvi, Faiza Saleem

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective: To identify students' perceptions about the practices of provision and utilization of written feedback in the nursing degree programmes in Karachi.

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Nine Nursing Institutions in Karachi, Pakistan were selected for the study, from February to October 2011.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 379 second year nursing students from nine institutions in Karachi. The data was collected through a modified Assessment Experience Questionnaire (AEQ) developed by Gibbs and Simpson. The data obtained through AEQ was analyzed in the SPPS.

Results: Students reported wide variations in the practices related to written …

Graduate Students’ Perceptions Of Written Feedback At A Private University In Pakistan, Lubna Ghazal, Raisa B. Gul, Mehnaz Hanzala, Tansy Jessop, Ambreen Tharani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Excellence in academic performance at the graduate level requires good command of writing skills. Teachers’ written feedback can help students to develop their writing skills. However, several personal and contextual factors may influence feedback processes and its utilization by students. Therefore, understanding these factors is essential to improve the practice of written feedback. This study aimed to appraise the quality of written feedback in the graduate programmes and to ascertain students’ perceptions about it at a private university in Pakistan. A purposive sample of 15 participants comprised the study. The data were collected through in-depth students’ interviews and the teachers’ …

Quality Assurance And Its Application In Medical Education., M. Tariq, Syed Ahsan Ali

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

A Medical Error: To Disclose Or Not To Disclose, Lubna Ghazal, Zulekha Saleem, Gulzar Amlani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Human error can occur in any profession. Medical errors are most commonly occurring errors in a health care system, which are responsible to delay patient’s recovery and produce harm to patient. However, being as a health care professional, it is the requirement of professional code of ethics to do well and not to harm our patients. Historically, many of these errors were not disclosed to patients but the trend is emerging for more open disclosure of medical errors to patients and their families. The aim of this paper is to explain medical error and analyze this concept in the light …