Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

Screening For Malnutrition In Oral Cavity Cancer Patients Prior To Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study, Haissan Iftikhar, Anwar Suhail, Amna Urooba, Karim Rizwan Nathani, Zeeshan Shaikh, Muhammad Wasif

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

This study was conducted to assess the frequency of pre-operative malnourishment in patients being treated for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. A retrospective chart review was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, on 62 patients. Patients were screened pre-operatively through a standard nutritional assessment tool at the time of admission to assess for malnutrition. Mean age of presentation was 48.34±13.11 years, mean height was 165 ± 8.62cm, weight 66.09±14.98 kg and BMI of 24.09±4.84. Males were 82.3% and 17.7% were females. At the time of admission, a significant number or patients, 12 (19.4%) were prone to malnourishment, …

Impact Of 17-Beta Estradiol And Moderate-Intensity Exercise On Mesenteric Arterial Function Of Uc Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats, Md Rahatullah Razan

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The studies in this dissertation were designed to investigate the impacts of estrogen (17-β estradiol/E2) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on the mesenteric arterial (MA) function of the University of California Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) Rat model. Our recent report suggests that diabetes impairs MA vasorelaxation in both sexes of the UCD-T2DM model. Particularly, we reported that MA from prediabetic male rats showed a greater impairment compared to that in prediabetic females. However, when females become diabetic, they exhibit a greater vascular dysfunction than males. Therefore, the aim of the first study was to investigate whether female sex hormone, specifically …

Determinants Of Infant And Young Complementary Feeding Practices Among Children 6-23 Months Of Age In Urban Pakistan: A Multicenter Longitudinal Study, Shabina Ariff, Kamran Sadiq, Javairia Khalid, Laila Sikanderali, Batha Tariq, Fariha Shaheen, Gul Nawaz Khan, Atif Habib, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Suboptimal feeding practices have a negative impact on children's health and growth in the first 2 years of life and increase their risk of undernutrition, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the factors that influence infant and young child feeding practices among urban mothers in a hospital setting at Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A longitudinal multi-center cohort study was conducted in four countries, MULTICENTER BODY COMPOSITION REFERENCE STUDY (MBCRS) to produce normal body composition reference data in healthy infants from 3 months to 24 months of age. Repeated anthropometric (weight, length and head circumference) and …

Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Measurements Of Tissue Perfusion And Metabolism, Keith Michel

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HP MRI) is an emerging modality that enables non-invasive interrogation of cells and tissues with unprecedented biochemical detail. This technology provides rapid imaging measurements of the activity of a small quantity of molecules with a strongly polarized nuclear magnetic moment. This polarization is created in a polarizer separate from the imaging magnet, and decays continuously towards a non-detectable thermal equilibrium once the imaging agent is removed from the polarizer and administered by intravenous injection. Specialized imaging strategies are therefore needed to extract as much information as possible from the HP signal during its limited lifetime.

In …

Frequency Of Hypocalcemic Fits In Children 2 Months To 2 Years Of Age, Presenting With The First Episode Of Afebrile Seizures At Hospital Settings In Urban Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study, Waseem Rahman, Heeramani Lohana, Sarwat Urooj, Sheraz Ahmed, Abdul Moeed, Khadija Nuzhat Humayun

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Seizures are common in the pediatric age group, occurring approximately 10% of children. Hypocalcemia is one of the most common metabolic causes of afebrile seizures. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of hypocalcemic fits in children presenting with the first episode of afebrile seizures from 2 months to 2 years of age.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Aga Khan hospital Karachi and its three secondary hospitals including the following sites of Kharadar, Hyderabad, and garden. It was a cross-sectional study. The duration of the study was of 6 months from 18th July 2017 …

Assessing Disease Severity Of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Novel Graphical Interpretation Of Flicker Electroretinogram, Anjalee Choudhury, Jonas Moses, Victor Gonzalez

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Purpose: To assess the clinical value of reporting full-field electroretinogram (eg, flicker ERG) findings graphically to determine the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) within an office-based setting.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included and classified into varying degrees of DR based on presence and severity. Flicker ERG responses were recorded and compared between groups.

Results: Between the varying disease stages, significant differences in the mean magnitude and phase values were found. There was also a significant difference between the proportions of the magnitude and phase color-coded frequencies between groups of severity and threat to …

Vitamin D Levels Affect Survival In A Bcr-Abl Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mouse Model But Do Not Cause Vitamin-Drug Interactions, Kavya Annu

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

It is a well-established phenomenon that dietary components containing CYP3A inducers or inhibitors if co-administered with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates lead to marked drug-drug interactions. Because vitamin D is known to regulate intestinal CYP3A expression and gut CYP3A expression plays an important role in pre-systemic metabolism of CYP3A drugs, we determined the impact of vitamin D (VD3) status on systemic exposure and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents that are CYP3A substrates. We employed VD3 sufficient and deficient mice to perform pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-leukemic efficacy studies.

First, using hCYP3A4 transgenic mouse model we evaluated the intestinal, hepatic and renal expression …

Adversity In Childhood Is Linked To Mental And Physical Health Throughout Life, Charles A. Nelson, Richard David Scott, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Nadine Burke Harri, Andrea Danes, Muthanna Samara

Woman and Child Health

The prevalence of “toxic stress” and huge downstream consequences in disease, suffering, and financial costs make prevention and early intervention crucial, say Charles A Nelson and colleagues.

Researching The Delivery Of Health And Nutrition Interventions For Women And Children In The Context Of Armed Conflict: Lessons On Research Challenges And Strategies From Branch Consortium Case Studies Of Somalia, Mali, Pakistan And Afghanistan, Michelle F. Gaffey, Anushka Ataullahjan, Jai K. Das, Mohammed Shafiq Mirzazada, Moctar Tounkara, Abdirisak A. Dalmar, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The BRANCH Consortium recently conducted 10 mixed-methods case studies to investigate the provision of health and nutrition interventions for women and children in conflict-affected countries, aiming to better understand the dominant influences on humanitarian health actors' programmatic decision-making and how such actors surmount intervention delivery barriers. In this paper, the research challenges encountered and the mitigating strategies employed by the case study investigators in four of the BRANCH case study contexts are discussed: Somalia, Mali, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Discussion: Many of the encountered research challenges were anticipated, with investigators adopting mitigation strategies in advance or early on, but others …

A Body Shape Index Significantly Predicts Mri-Defined Abdominal Adipose Tissue Depots In Non-Obese Asian Indians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Shajith Anoop, Jesse Krakauer, Nir Krakauer, Anoop Misra

Publications and Research

Introduction: We aimed to determine the correlations of volumes of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) (anterior, posterior, superficial and deep), total SCAT, intraperitoneal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal abdominal adipose tissue (RPAT), total intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), pancreatic volume, liver span, total body fat (TBF) and truncal fat mass (TFM) with anthropometric indices, viz., A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Hip Index, their Z scores and Anthropometric Risk Index in non-obese (body mass index (BMI) /m²) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Research design and methods: Non-obese patients with T2DM (cases; n, 85) and BMI-matched, healthy subjects …

Malnutrition And Food Insecurity In Child Labourers In Sindh, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study, Meesha Iqbal, Zafar Fatmi, Kausar S. Khan, Yusra Jumani, Neelma Amjad, Asaad Ahmed Nafees

Community Health Sciences

Background: Child labour is common in low- and middle-income countries. Although child labour is widespread in Pakistan, no data are available on the health of child labourers.
Aims: This study aimed to assess the food security, food intake and nutritional status of child labourers aged 5-14 years working in lower Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: Child labourers aged 5-14 years working in agriculture, manufacturing industry, hotels and restaurants, domestic work and migrant child labourers working in vegetable markets were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling technique. Sociodemographic and nutrition information was obtained by an interviewer questionnaire. The children's height and weight were measured …

Vitamin D Usage Among Pakistani Population - Too Much Of A Good Thing, Bhagwan Das, Sarah Nadeem

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

No abstract provided.

The Intertwined Relationship Between Malnutrition And Poverty, Faareha Siddiqui, Rehana Salam, Zohra S. Lassi, Jai K. Das

Woman and Child Health

Despite social and economic development, the burden of malnutrition across the globe remains unacceptably high. A vital relationship exists between nutritional status, human capital, and economic standing. Malnutrition adversely affects the physiological and mental capacity of individuals; which in turn hampers productivity levels, making them and their respective countries more susceptible to poverty. A two-way link exists between malnutrition and poverty, creating a vicious cycle with each fueling the other. Malnutrition produces conditions of poverty by reducing the economic potential of the population and likewise, poverty reinforces malnutrition by increasing the risk of food insecurity. The aim of the paper …

Specialized Nutritious Food Combined With Cash Transfers And Social And Behavior Change Communication To Prevent Stunting Among Children Aged 6 To 23 Months In Pakistan: Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Gul Nawaz Khan, Sumra Kureishy, Shabina Ariff, Atif Habib, Asra Abeer Usmani, Areeba Mubarik, Masawar Hussain, Naveed Akbar, Pablo Rodriguez De Castro, Alba Cecilia Garzon, Saskia De Pee, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years has remained above global critical levels over the past two decades, with the stunting rate being 40.2% in 2018. Children living in rural areas and in the poorest households suffer the most from stunting across the country-43.2% in rural areas and 51.4% in the lowest wealth quintile. As a continuing public health concern, it is essential that stunting prevention is a national priority in order to ensure human capital development, especially among the poorest households.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect …

Do Adults Utilizing Intermittent Fasting Improve Lipids More Than Those Following A Restricted-Calorie Diet? A Clin-Iq, Mitchell A. Sanford, Tracy S. Sanford, K. F. Campbell, Dustin Davis, Tammy Tandberg, L. N. Eagle Road

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

With approximately 95 million Americans diagnosed with high cholesterol, and many searching for a nonmedicinal treatment, intermittent fasting as a method to improve health has become increasingly popular in the lay public. We conducted a clinical inquiry to determine whether intermittent fasting is superior to a low-calorie diet in improving lipids, searching the Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the terms intermittent fasting, lipids, and calorie-restricted diet. Studies that included surgical weight loss or medicine-assisted weight loss were excluded. We identified 6 published studies, 5 of which were randomized controlled trials. In reviewing the selected studies, …

Non-Adherence To Who Recommendations Regarding Infant Feeding Practices Results In Dilemma Of Malnourishment: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study Conducted In Karachi, Pakistan, Muhammad Osama, Anosh Aslam Khan, Sohaib Hasan Syed, Osama Mohiuddin, Ammar Hassan, Syeda Ramsha Zaidi, Neelofar Sami

Community Health Sciences

Background: The prevalence of chronic malnutrition and its associated morbid outcomes has been a significant cause of health loss globally, affecting millions of children hampering their mental, physical, social, and immune system development. World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations presenting infant feeding guidelines have largely controlled this burden. However, developing countries including Pakistan have failed to promote these guidelines and still succumb to a huge burden of morbidity and mortality secondary to malnourishment among infants.
Methodology: Our study is a prospective cohort including 300 infants without predisposing congenital anomaly, followed from 6 months to 18 months of age. The primary outcome …

Vitamin D Deficiency And Perceived Pain, Theodore Korty, Adam Grunbaum, Ken Baxa, Olu Oyesanmi

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2020

Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to contribute to the onset of musculoskeletal pain, headaches, and fatigue (1, 2). Deficient levels of calcium phosphate have been linked to musculoskeletal pain associated with vitamin D deficiency (3). Low levels of calcium phosphate may result in an inadequately mineralized bone matrix, and normalization of vitamin D levels should help to diminish symptoms of pain by correcting suboptimal mineralization of bone matrix (3). One prior study of patients who underwent orthopedic procedures (including treatment of vertebral compression fractures, Colle’s fractures, hip & knee arthroplasty, ligament repair, and meniscal repair), showed that 44% (n …

Teriparatide And Its Bone Healing Power, Aneeta J. Joseph, Jesus L. Penabad, Antonio Pinero-Pilona

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2020

Teriparatide, a parathyroid hormone analog, is an important anabolic agent approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to increase bone mineral density in osteoporotic patients. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium, phosphate, and active vitamin-D metabolites. The amino terminal peptide fragments of PTH has been known to increase bone mass and are being used in clinical practice for osteoporosis management.3 Teriparatide increases bone density of lumbar spine and femoral neck, and decreases the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures both in postmenopausal women and men. It is also known to prevent fractures in patients with osteoporosis and promote healing of …

How Immune T-Cell Augmentation Can Help Prevent Covid-19: A Possible Nutritional Solution Using Ketogenic Lifestyle, Ravi K. Kamepalli Md,Fidsa,Cwsp

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Association Of Dairy Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension And Diabetes In 147 812 Individuals From 21 Countries, Balaji Bhavadharini, Mahshid Dehghan, Andrew Mente, Sumathy Rangarajan, Patrick Sheridan, Viswanathan Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, Rajeev Gupta, Scott Lear, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen

Community Health Sciences

Objective: Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.
Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In the cross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). For the prospective analyses, we …

A Case Series Of Hyponatremia And Management In Hospitalized Patients, Jake N. Cho, Rebecca Ong, Izuchukwu Nwakoby

Nephrology

No abstract provided.

Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy With Triphasic Waves: A Case, Brian Birdsong, Brielle Marks, Rishim Jayswal, Adeel Rahman

Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Understanding The Independent Relationship Between Diabetes And Heart Failure, W. Tyler Crawley, Rage Geringer Md, Jason Snarr Do, Elizabeth Hicks Md, Oliwier Dziadkowiec

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Care Coordination On Hemoglobin A1c For Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Lee Ann Hinsky

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to test the impact of care coordinator visits by primary care registered nurses on serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study, the researcher compared 2 groups of type 2 diabetes patients—those who had care coordinator visits from registered nurses and those who did not—through retrospective data collection and analysis from the patients’ electronic medical record from July 2018 through December 2018. An independent samples t test was used to compare the means of the intervention and control groups’ change in HbA1c levels. The intervention and control groups …

Calcium Alkali Thiazide Syndrome, Mehboob A. Rehan Md, Asma Rashid Md, Reema Singh Md, Gabutti Cristina, Luma Mohsin Md, Tausha Allen Md, Paul Stanford Md, James Thomson Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Efficacy Of Yoga As An Adjunctive Therapy To Standard Multidisciplinary Care In The Treatment Of Female Patients Presenting With Cognitive Eating Disorder Symptoms, Cassidy Nagle

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Current treatment of patients exhibiting cognitive eating disorder symptoms is standard multidisciplinary care (SMDC) involving behavioral therapy, medical management and dietetics. Because these symptoms often persist or relapse despite treatment, research has begun to explore adjunctive therapies like yoga for this population. This review will explore seven studies in order to analyze the effect of yoga (I) on cognitive eating disorder symptoms (O) in teenage and adult females (P) when added to SMDC compared to symptom reduction with SMDC alone (C).

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate and Google Scholar starting November 2018. Seven …

Determinants Of Linear Growth Faltering Among Children With Moderate-To-Severe Diarrhea In The Global Enteric Multicenter Study, Rebecca L. Brander, Patricia B. Pavlinac, Judd L. Walson, Grace C. John-Stewart, Marcia R. Weaver, Abu S. G Faruque, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Dipika Sur, Samba O. Sow, M Jahangir Hossain

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in the first 2 years of life can impair linear growth. We sought to determine risk factors for linear growth faltering and to build a clinical prediction tool to identify children most likely to experience growth faltering following an episode of MSD.
Methods: Using data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study of children 0-23 months old presenting with MSD in Africa and Asia, we performed log-binomial regression to determine clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with severe linear growth faltering (loss of ≥ 0.5 length-for-age z-score [LAZ]). Linear regression was used to estimate associations with ΔLAZ. A …

A Unique Presentation Of Scurvy In The Modern Era, Anita Bhagavathula Do, Joanna Linsteadt Md, Sonam Jaggi Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Celiac Disease: Current And Investigational Therapies And The Role Of The Pharmacist, Sarah Turley, Gabriella Gegenheimer, Emily Blum, Erin Petersen

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Celiac disease is a genetically-linked autoimmune disease which affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is an inflammatory reaction to ingested gluten-containing substances that produces the most frequent symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating and intermittent or chronic diarrhea. Diagnosis can be made by blood testing for specific IgA autoantibodies and a confirmation duodenal biopsy to look for the characteristic scalloping and villous atrophy that occurs in response to the inflammation. A gluten-free diet, until recently, was the only treatment available and continues to be the mainstay of treatment. Newer adjunct therapies to dietary management include larazotide acetate, peptidases, the use of parasite …

Improving Malnutrition Identification In The Outpatient Setting, Kristi Thaete, Karen Stephens

Posters

Identification of Pediatric Malnutrition in Outpatient Clinics is the First Step to Allowing Registered Dietitian (RD) Involvement in the Improvement of Patient Care.