Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Strengthening Linkages Between Health Care And Public Health: A Novel Framework For Public Health Action In Health Care Settings To Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Candice Fryda, Liz Gebhart-Morgan, Mindy Anderson-Knott, Nicole Roseberry, Jamie Hahn, Kelli Niemeier, Jennifer Rutt, Debra Miller

UNL Office of Research and Innovation, Social/Behavioral Sciences Research Consortium

The Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Program (CDPCP) at the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services developed a novel public health framework and tools to translate public health knowledge, grant work, and terminology to a health care audience in order to inform clinical practice changes in the management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The CDPCP piloted the tools with 2 accountable care organizations that included 19 clinics and then funded 9 independent clinics. The project sought to empower clinics to design and implement interventions for reducing high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol focused on populations disproportionately at risk for …

Jacc: Advances Expert Panel Perspective: Shared Decision-Making In Multidisciplinary Team-Based Cardiovascular Care, Elizabeth M Perpetua, Roseanne Palmer, Viet T Le, Sana M Al-Khatib, Craig J Beavers, Joshua A Beckman, Biykem Bozkurt, Megan Coylewright, Caroline Lloyd Doherty, Kimberly A Guibone, Marian Hawkey, Patricia A Keegan, James N Kirkpatrick, Jessica Laperle, Sandra B Lauck, Glenn Levine, Brian R Lindman, Michael J Mack, Andrea L Price, Susan Strong, Janet F Wyman, Quentin R Youmans, Martha Gulati

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Shared decision-making (SDM) and multidisciplinary team-based care delivery are recommended across several cardiology clinical practice guidelines. However, evidence for benefit and guidance on implementation are limited. Informed consent, the use of patient decision aids, or the documentation of these elements for governmental or societal agencies may be conflated as SDM. SDM is a bidirectional exchange between experts: patients are the experts on their goals, values, and preferences, and clinicians provide their expertise on clinical factors. In this Expert Panel perspective, we review the current state of SDM in team-based cardiovascular care and propose best practice recommendations for multidisciplinary team implementation …

Sindrom Kardiovaskular-Ginjal-Metabolik: Konsep Terkini Untuk Klinisi, Muhammad Yamin, Harits Adi Putra

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a systemic abnormality resulting from complex pathophysiological interactions among cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic risk factors, particularly diabetes mellitus and obesity. In clinical practice, the management of CKM syndrome encounters some significant challenges, including the lack of clinicians’ knowledge regarding the most up-to-date therapy, limited drug availability, and restrictions on health insurance. Those issues potentially lead to a rise in morbidity and mortality rates of patients with CKM syndrome. This article elucidates the most updated concept of CKM syndrome regarding its pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment based on clinical stages ranging from stage 0 …

Mitochondria Regulate Proliferation In Adult Cardiac Myocytes, Gregory B Waypa, Kimberly A Smith, Paul T Mungai, Vincent J Dudley, Kathryn A Helmin, Benjamin D Singer, Clara Bien Peek, Joseph Bass, Lauren Nelson, Sanjiv J Shah, Gaston Ofman, J Andrew Wasserstrom, William A Muller, Alexander V Misharin, G R Scott Budinger, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Navdeep S Chandel, Danijela Dokic, Elizabeth Bartom, Shuang Zhang, Yuki Tatekoshi, Amir Mahmoodzadeh, Hossein Ardehali, Edward B Thorp, Paul T Schumacker

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Newborn mammalian cardiomyocytes quickly transition from a fetal to an adult phenotype that utilizes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but loses mitotic capacity. We tested whether forced reversal of adult cardiomyocytes back to a fetal glycolytic phenotype would restore proliferative capacity. We deleted Uqcrfs1 (mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein, RISP) in hearts of adult mice. As RISP protein decreased, heart mitochondrial function declined, and glucose utilization increased. Simultaneously, the hearts underwent hyperplastic remodeling during which cardiomyocyte number doubled without cellular hypertrophy. Cellular energy supply was preserved, AMPK activation was absent, and mTOR activation was evident. In ischemic hearts with RISP deletion, new cardiomyocytes …

Cardiovascular Disease Risks In Patients With Celiac Disease: Retrospective Study Using The National Inpatient Sample, Rabab Elsadek, Zeeshan Ismail, Raghav Bassi, Anuoluwa Oyetoran, Andrew Abraham, Suzanne Zentko

North Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Cardiovascular Disease Among Commercially Insured Adults With Type 1 Diabetes In The Us , 2016-2019, Orighomisan F. Agboghoroma

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the overall as well as age- and sex-specific burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the US using nationwide commercial claims data from 2016-2019.

Research Design and Methods We used nationwide commercial claims data (1/1/2016-12/31/2019) from Merative™MarketScan to identify adults ≥20 years with T1D (ascertained using ICD-10 codes). CVD was ascertained using ICD-10 diagnostic codes for myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. The annual prevalence and age-specific prevalence of CVD were calculated. Age-adjusted prevalence of CVD …

Integrated Machine Learning And Deep Learning Models For Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction: A Comprehensive Comparative Study, Shadman Mahmood Khan Pathan, Sakan Binte Imran

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating accurate risk prediction for effective preventive measures. This comprehensive comparative study explores the performance of traditional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models in predicting CVD risk, utilizing a meticulously curated dataset derived from health records. Rigorous preprocessing, including normalization and outlier removal, enhances model robustness. Diverse ML models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Gradient Boosting) are compared with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network for DL. Evaluation metrics include accuracy, ROC AUC, computation time, and memory usage. Results identify the …

Low-Dose Aspirin For Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Events Comparing East Asians With Westerners: A Meta-Analysis, Rock Bum Kim, Ang Li, Ki-Soo Park, Yune-Sik Kang, Jang-Rak Kim, Eliano P Navarese, Diana A Gorog, Udaya S Tantry, Paul A Gurbel, Jin Yong Hwang, Oh-Young Kwon, Young-Hoon Jeong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: East Asians have shown different risk profiles for both thrombophilia and bleeding than Western counterparts.

OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention between these populations.

METHODS: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for intervention with low-dose aspirin (≤100 mg once daily) in participants without symptomatic cardiovascular disease until December 31, 2021. The number of events between the arms was extracted for analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences (RDs) were analyzed in each population. Outcomes included a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding (intracranial …

Utilizing Stakeholder Input Within The Tennessee Heart Health Network To Improve Cardiovascular Health Outcomes In Tennessee, Abigail C. Bennett

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

Background: Tennessee ranks sixth nationwide for most deaths related to heart disease. The Tennessee Heart Health Network (TN-HHN), an initiative coordinated by the Tennessee Population Health Consortium (TN-PHC), was created to combat this issue. The TN-HHN is a statewide network of primary care practices, health systems, and academic centers committed to implementing patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) approaches to demonstrably improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) health outcomes and health equity across Tennessee.

Objective: Evaluate stakeholder experiences in participating in the Network in an effort to assess partner satisfaction and improve the TN-HHN as a whole.

Methods: Eligible stakeholders were invited via …

Association Of Interleukin-6 And Interleukin-18 With Cardiovascular Disease In Older Adults: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Xiaoming Jia, Leo Buckley, Caroline Sun, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Bing Yu, Vijay Nambi, Salim S Virani, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ron C Hoogeveen, Josef Coresh, Amil M Shah, Christie M Ballantyne

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIMS: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), important cytokines implicated in atherosclerosis and inflammaging, were assessed for associations with global cardiovascular disease (CVD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and death in older adults.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study Visit 5 (mean age 75.4 ± 5.1 years) with IL-6 and IL-18 measurements were included (n = 5672). Cox regression models were used to assess associations of IL-6 and IL-18 with coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, global CVD (composite of CHD, stroke, and HF), AF, and all-cause death. Over a median follow-up of 7.2 years, …

Contaminant Metals And Cardiovascular Health, Karl Kristian Lundin, Yusuf Kamran Qadeer, Zhen Wang, Salim S. Virani, Roman Leischik, Carl J. Lavie, Markus Strauss, Chayakrit Krittanawong

Office of the Provost

A growing body of research has begun to link exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, with a variety of negative health outcomes. In this paper, we sought to review the current research describing the impact of certain common contaminant metals on cardiovascular (CV) health. We reviewed ten metals: lead, barium, nickel, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, selenium, zinc, and copper. After a literature review, we briefly summarized the routes of environmental exposure, pathophysiological mechanisms, CV health impacts, and exposure prevention and/or mitigation strategies for each metal. The resulting article discloses a broad spectrum of pathological significance, from relatively benign …

Age-Related Differences In The Contribution Of Systolic Blood Pressure And Biomarkers To Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (Aric) Study, Mahmoud Al Rifai, George E Taffet, Kunihiro Matsushita, Salim S Virani, James De Lemos, Amit Khera, Jarrett Berry, Chiadi Ndumele, David Aguilar, Caroline Sun, Ron C Hoogeveen, Elizabeth Selvin, Christie M Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We sought to determine how biomarkers known to be associated with hypertension-induced end-organ injury complement the use of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction at different ages. Using data from visits 2 (1990 to 1992) and 5 (2011 to 2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 3 models were used to predict CVD (composite of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure). Model A included traditional risk factors (TRFs) except SBP, model B-TRF plus SBP, and model C-TRF plus biomarkers (high-sensitivity troponin T [hsTnT] and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]). Harrel's C-statistics were used …

Association Between Alcohol Consumption And Ectopic Fat In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Richard Kazibwe, Parag A Chevli, Joni K Evans, Matthew Allison, Erin D Michos, Alexis C Wood, Jingzhong Ding, Michael D Shapiro, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and ectopic fat distribution, both known factors for cardiovascular disease, remains understudied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional analysis, we categorized alcohol intake among participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as follows (drinks/day): <1 >(light drinking), 1 to 2 (moderate drinking), >2 (heavy drinking), former drinking, and lifetime abstention. Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion in the past month. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and …

Cardiovascular Disease And Stroke In Immune Ttp-Challenges And Opportunities, Senthil Sukumar, Marshall A Mazepa, Shruti Chaturvedi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Advances in the management of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) have dramatically improved outcomes of acute TTP episodes, and TTP is now treated as a chronic, relapsing disorder. It is now recognized that iTTP survivors are at high risk for vascular disease, with stroke and myocardial infarction occurring at younger ages than in the general population, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of premature death in this population. iTTP appears to have a phenotype of accelerated vascular aging with a particular predilection for cerebral circulation, and stroke is much more common than myocardial infarction. In addition to traditional cardiovascular …

Association Between Historical Neighborhood Redlining And Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Us Veterans With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases, Salil V. Deo, Issam Motairek, Khurram Nasir, Amgad Mentias, Yakov Elgudin, Salim S. Virani, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Sadeer Al-Kindi

Office of the Provost

Importance: In the 1930s, the government-sponsored Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) established maps of US neighborhoods that identified mortgage risk (grade A [green] characterizing lowest-risk neighborhoods in the US through mechanisms that transcend traditional risk factors to grade D [red] characterizing highest risk). This practice led to disinvestments and segregation in neighborhoods considered redlined. Very few studies have targeted whether there is an association between redlining and cardiovascular disease.
Objective: To evaluate whether redlining is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in US veterans.
Design, setting, and participants: In this longitudinal cohort study, US veterans were followed up (January 1, 2016, …

Circular Rna As Therapeutic Targets In Atherosclerosis: Are We Running In Circles?, Jeffrey Triska, Christo Mathew, Yang Zhao, Yuqing E Chen, Yochai Birnbaum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Much attention has been paid lately to harnessing the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of non-coding circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The genetic environment that contributes to atherosclerosis pathophysiology is immensely complex. Any potential therapeutic application of circRNAs must be assessed for risks, benefits, and off-target effects in both the short and long term. A search of the online PubMed database for publications related to circRNA and atherosclerosis from 2016 to 2022 was conducted. These studies were reviewed for their design, including methods for developing atherosclerosis and the effects of the …

Targeting Neddylation And Sumoylation In Chemoresistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Wei Ruan, Jiwen Li, Seungwon Choi, Xinxin Ma, Yafen Liang, Ragini Nair, Xiaoyi Yuan, Tingting W Mills, Holger K Eltzschig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Previous studies implicate extracellular adenosine signaling in attenuating myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This extracellular adenosine signaling is terminated by its uptake into cells by equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). Thus, we hypothesized that targeting ENTs would function to increase cardiac adenosine signaling and concomitant cardioprotection against IRI. Mice were exposed to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Myocardial injury was attenuated in mice treated with the nonspecific ENT inhibitor dipyridamole. A comparison of mice with global Ent1 or Ent2 deletion showed cardioprotection only in Ent1-/- mice. Moreover, studies with tissue-specific Ent deletion revealed that mice with myocyte-specific Ent1 deletion (Ent1loxP/loxP …

Esophageal Lesion Reveals An Aortic Pseudoaneurysm In The Setting Of Actinomyces Odontolyticus Bacteremia, Anneliese Grewing, Harsha Jujjavarapu, Cameron Price, Lindsay F Eilers, Sloane Zimmerman, Nahid Hiermandi, Athar M Qureshi, Richard Kellermayer, Jolie J Britt

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A toddler presented with hematemesis a few weeks after ingesting a penny. Workup revealed an esophageal lesion communicating with an aortic pseudoaneurysm in the setting of Actinomyces odontolyticus bacteremia. A. odontolytica is an oropharyngeal bacteria known to cause fistulas when introduced into tissue planes. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)

Covid-19 Severity And Cardiovascular Outcomes In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Patients With Cancer And Cardiovascular Disease, Melissa Y.Y. Moey, Cassandra Hennessy, Benjamin French, Jeremy L. Warner, Matthew D. Tucker, Daniel J. Hausrath, Dimpy P. Shah, Jeanne M. Decara, Ziad Bakouny, Chris Labaki, Toni K. Choueiri, Susan Dent, Nausheen Akhter, Roohi Ismail-Khan, Lisa Tachiki, David Slosky, Tamar S. Polonsky, Joy A. Awosika, Audrey Crago, Trisha Wise-Draper, Nino Balanchivadze, Clara Hwang, Leslie A. Fecher, Cyndi Gonzalez Gomez, Brandon Hayes-Lattin, Michael J. Glover, Sumit A. Shah, Dharmesh Gopalakrishnan, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, Daniel H. Kwon, Vadim S. Koshkin, Sana Mahmood, Babar Bashir, Taylor Nonato, Pedram Razavi, Rana R. Mckay, Gayathri Nagaraj, Eric Oligino, Matthew Puc, Polina Tregubenko, Elizabeth M. Wulff-Burchfield, Zhuoer Xie, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Dimitrios Farmakiotis, Elizabeth J. Klein, Elizabeth V. Robilotti, Gregory J. Riely, Jean-Bernard Durand, Salim S. Hayek, Lavanya Kondapalli, Stephanie Berg, Timothy E. O'Connor, Mehmet A. Bilen, Cecilia Castellano, Melissa K. Accordino, Blau Sibel, Lisa B. Weissmann, Chinmay Jani, Daniel B. Flora, Lawrence Rudski, Miriam Santos Dutra, Bouganim Nathaniel, Erika Ruíz-García, Diana Vilar-Compte, Shilpa Gupta, Alicia Morgans, Anju Nohria

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Data regarding outcomes among patients with cancer and co-morbid cardiovascular disease (CVD)/cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) after SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited.

OBJECTIVES: To compare Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related complications among cancer patients with and without co-morbid CVD/CVRF.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2, reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry from 03/17/2020 to 12/31/2021. CVD/CVRF was defined as established CVD

RESULTS: Among 10,876 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with cancer (median age 65 [IQR 54-74] years, 53% female, 52% White), 6253 patients (57%) had co-morbid CVD/CVRF. Co-morbid CVD/CVRF was associated with higher COVID-19 severity …

Low Educational Attainment Is Associated With Higher All-Cause And Cardiovascular Mortality In The United States Adult Population, Najah Khan, Zulqarnain Javed, Isaac Acquah, Kobina Hagan, Madiha Khan, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Ryan Chang, Umair Javed, Mohamad B. Taha, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Introduction: Educational attainment is an important social determinant of health (SDOH) for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between educational attainment and all-cause and CVD mortality has not been longitudinally evaluated on a population-level in the US, especially in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this nationally representative study, we assessed the association between educational attainment and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in the general adult population and in adults with ASCVD in the US.
Methods: We used data from the 2006-2014 National Death Index-linked National Health Interview Survey for adults ≥ 18 years. We generated …

Cardiac Pericytes Mediate The Remodeling Response To Myocardial Infarction, Pearl Quijada, Shuin Park, Peng Zhao, Kamal Ss Kolluri, David Wong, Kevin D Shih, Kai Fang, Arash Pezhouman, Lingjun Wang, Ali Daraei, Matthew D Tran, Elle M Rathbun, Kimberly N Burgos Villar, Maria L Garcia-Hernandez, Thanh Td Pham, Charles J Lowenstein, M Luisa Iruela-Arispe, S Thomas Carmichael, Eric M Small, Reza Ardehali

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite the prevalence of pericytes in the microvasculature of the heart, their role during ischemia-induced remodeling remains unclear. We used multiple lineage-tracing mouse models and found that pericytes migrated to the injury site and expressed profibrotic genes, coinciding with increased vessel leakage after myocardial infarction (MI). Single-cell RNA-Seq of cardiac pericytes at various time points after MI revealed the temporally regulated induction of genes related to vascular permeability, extracellular matrix production, basement membrane degradation, and TGF-β signaling. Deleting TGF-β receptor 1 in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4-expressing (Cspg4-expressing) cells reduced fibrosis following MI, leading to a transient improvement in the cardiac …

A Rapid Review Of The Literature: Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Practices And Rural Black Women, Modjadji M. Choshi, Maria Devalpine

Virginia Journal of Public Health

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Black/African American women. Rural Black women have the highest CVD prevalence and are more likely to have modifiable risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity than any other race. Accessible evidence-based culture-appropriate self-care programs for risk reduction and CVD prevention can address these disparities. This rapid review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of such programs. Methods. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Psychinfo-Embase, and Scopus for studies reporting CVD prevention programs for rural Black women. Three articles met the inclusion criteria, with …

Aspirin With Or Without Statin In Individuals Without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Across Risk Categories, Safi U. Khan, Ahmad N. Lone, Neal S. Kleiman, Adeel Arshad, Vardhmaan Jain, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Hassaan B. Arshad, Sourbha S. Dani, Amit Khera, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Background: The effects of aspirin in adults without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), stratified by statin use across different ASCVD risks, remain uncertain.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aspirin in adults without ASCVD, stratified by statin use across different ASCVD risks.
Methods: We searched databases through March 2022 and selected randomized controlled trials of aspirin without ASCVD and follow-up of ≥1 year. We used random-effects models and estimated relative and absolute risks for cardiovascular outcomes, major bleeding, and mortality over 5 years. We calculated absolute risk differences assuming constant relative risks (RRs) across statin …

Asthma And Cardiovascular Disease: A Bidirectional Association?, Muhammad Adrish, Nicola A Hanania

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Association Of Circulating Mtdna With Cvd In Hemodialysis Patients And In Vitro Effect Of Exogenous Mtdna On Cardiac Microvascular Inflammation, Zhen Fan, Ya Feng, Li Zang, Yi Guo, Xiao-Yi Zhong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients sustain a fairly high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Microvascular inflammation is an early manifestation of CVD, and the released mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) has been proposed to be a crucial integrator of inflammatory signals. Herein, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between CVD, microvessel, and circulating MtDNA in the settings of uremia.

METHODS: Forty-two maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and 36 health controls were enrolled in this study. Plasma cell-free MtDNA was detected by TaqMan-based qPCR assay. CVD risk markers including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), fibrinogen, and …

Acute Myocardial Infarction Among People Living With Hiv: Comparing Immunological And Virological Control By Hispanic Ethnicity Of The All Of Us Research Program Participants, Eugenio Reina

Honors Undergraduate Theses

In the United States, individuals of Hispanic ethnicity receive disproportionately lower-quality healthcare. These healthcare disparities exacerbate unequal access to quality healthcare services, including disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care. Research on the role of ethnicity on the CVD outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) has been limited. We hypothesize that immunological (CD4+ cell count) and virological (HIV viral load) control may play a role in the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among PLWH, and that Hispanic ethnicity may worsen these outcomes.

To verify our hypotheses, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate …

Modifiable Health Disparities And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Latino Migrant Seasonal Farmworkers: A Meta-Analysis, Cindy Mendez

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.). Existing literature concluded that Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers endure higher rates of adverse health disparities and chronic diseases than the general U.S. population. However, research on the Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers’ modifiable health disparities (i.e., alcohol use and smoking) and cardiovascular disease risk factors (i.e., high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and overweight/obesity) is scarce, particularly studies comparing male and female Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers. PURPOSE: This meta-analysis had two aims. First, examine whether male or female Latino migrant seasonal farmworkers in the U.S. have …

Effects Of A Residential Lifestyle Intervention Program On Selected Lipid Measures And Nutritional Choices, Delores M. Rugless

DNP Research Projects

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death since the early 1920s. As with other chronic diseases, cardiovascular disease is primarily influenced by behaviors and the environment, with poor nutrition being a major contributing factor. Despite knowing the importance of lifestyle modification to manage cardiovascular disease effectively, many individuals have difficulty adhering to lifestyle modification principles. Residential lifestyle modification centers provide the education and support necessary to assist individuals with implementing behavioral changes. This DNP project aimed to demonstrate the value of diet modification implemented at a residential lifestyle center to decrease specific cardiovascular risk factors. Method: …

Unfavorable Social Determinants Of Health Are Associated With Higher Burden Of Financial Toxicity Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease In The Us: Findings From The National Health Interview Survey, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Zulqarnain Javed, Rohan Khera, Mauricio E. Tano, Ramzi Dudum, Isaac Acquah, Adnan A. Hyder, Julia Andrieni, Garima Sharma, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of financial toxicity, defined as excess financial strain from healthcare, in the US. Identifying factors that put patients at greatest risk can help inform more targeted and cost-effective interventions. Specific social determinants of health (SDOH) such as income are associated with a higher risk of experiencing financial toxicity from healthcare, however, the associations between more comprehensive measures of cumulative social disadvantage and financial toxicity from healthcare are poorly understood.
Methods: Using the National Health Interview Survey (2013-17), we assessed patients with self-reported ASCVD. We identified 34 discrete SDOH items, across 6 …

Glucocentric Drugs In Cardiovascular Disease Protection And Heart Failure, Khawaja M. Talha, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Virani, Javed Butler

Office of the Provost

Evidence for cardiovascular outcomes with older-generation antihyperglycemic drugs in the management of type 2 diabetes is based on aggregated data from prior randomized controlled trials and observational studies that were not focused on prespecified cardiovascular end points. Newer antihyperglycemic medications have undergone a rigorous evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes through randomized controlled trials since the US Food and Drug Administration imposed a mandatory requirement for all glucose-lowering drugs in 2008. The three classes of drugs that have been most extensively studied are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, the latter two reporting significant …