Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Projected U.S. Cardiovascular Disease Burden From Heat Exposure For Future Greenhouse Gas Scenarios, Gokul Parmeswaran, Sai Rahul Ponnana, Santosh Kumar Sirasapalli, Niketh Surya, Tong Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Jean-Eudes Dazard, Salil V. Deo, Sanjay Rajagopalan

Faculty Scholarship

Importance: Climate change may reverse decades of improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the US; however, comprehensive regional projections of heat-related CVD burden in the US are unavailable. Objective: To use the county-level observed (2010-2016) heat-related CVD burden in the US to obtain the projected rates through 2050 according to the mean (shared socioeconomic pathway [SSP] 2-4.5) and high (SSP5-8.5) greenhouse gas (GHG) emission pathways. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional ecological analysis used county-level summary data including all counties in the contiguous US from 2010 through 2016 as baseline data with projections to 2030 and 2050 under SSP …

From Evidence To Practice: Improving Diabetic Patient Outcomes By Increasing Statin Utilization, Elizabeth Mcfalls

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in patients with diabetes is essential, as heart disease remains the leading cause of death within this population (American Diabetes Association, n.d.). The purpose of this evidence-based project is to improve patient outcomes by enhancing adherence to statin therapy. A thorough literature review yielded 246 pieces of moderate-to-high-quality evidence; of these, eight articles were appraised in detail and selected for project inclusion. The strongest evidence identified four meaningful interventions. Thus, a multimodal approach was indicated for this project. This included addressing barriers to therapy, creating practice nudges, implementing a shared decision-making (SDM) tool, and utilizing clinical …

The Role Of Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging In 30-Day Readmissions Among Acute St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients, Britta Watson

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the largest contributor to deaths that result from cardiovascular disease. When CAD is left untreated, it can result in an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). To treat coronary blockages caused by CAD, a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed. A PCI is a non-invasive procedure that uses coronary balloons and stents to open a narrowed or blocked coronary artery and restore blood flow.

An acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a major cause of early hospital readmissions. Technological …

Burden Of Cardiovascular Disease In Pakistan – Insight From Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Ali Bin Jabbar, Taha Mansoor, Sana Sheikh, Tazeen Jafar, Sawera Hanif, Christian Razo, Mahboob Alam, Jamal Rana, Khurram Nasir, Salim Virani

Population Health, East Africa

Background Pakistan, currently the fifth-largest country by population globally, has experienced a population increase of over 100% since 1990. It is facing an escalating challenge from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study provides an in-depth evaluation of Pakistan's health situation since 1990, offering essential insights into the nation's overall health conditions.

Methods The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, which provides records for global, regional, and national burden of diseases. Specifically, data regarding CVD and its subtypes, morbidity, and mortality in Pakistan and globally from 1990 to 2019 were used …

How Does Striving Against Adversity Impact Emotional Well-Being And Cardiovascular Risk In Children?, Brooks B. Gump, Stefanie Pilkay, Xiafei Wang, Sara Vasilenko, Nader H. Attallah-Yunes, Sarah Woolf-King, Stephen Maisto, Edith Chen, Craig K. Ewart

Population Health Research Brief Series

Working hard and persisting through challenges (i.e., striving) are often encouraged for children who face adversity.  But for children facing severe adversity, striving can come with hidden costs. This brief summarizes findings from a study using data from the Environmental Exposures and Child Health Outcomes (EECHO) cohort (N=283, 2013-2017) of children ages 9-11 in Syracuse, NY. The authors find that children facing adversity who strived harder reported lower depression and hostility. However, high-striving high-adversity children also experienced significantly higher blood pressure and enlarged heart chambers than their lower striving peers, both risk factors for future heart disease.

Prompt Thyroid Hormone Replacement Reversing Severe Bradycardia & Syncope, Cassie R. Girardin, George Vega, Rohail Baig

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Thyroid disease, particularly hypothyroidism, can significantly affect the cardiovascular system, leading to structural, functional, and conduction abnormalities. Hypothyroidism decreases inotropy and chronotropy and may cause bradycardia or conduction defects. Although these changes are typically reversible with thyroid hormone replacement, severe cases may necessitate pacemaker placement. This case describes an 82-year-old female with hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation, and left bundle branch block (LBBB) who presented with recurrent syncope due to hypothyroidism-induced bradycardia with sinus pauses. Her symptoms resolved with thyroid hormone optimization, highlighting the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of hypothyroidism-related cardiac manifestations to prevent unnecessary pacemaker implantation.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation And Physical Activity Associate With Extracellular Vesicle Size And Cargo In A Community-Based Cohort Of Women, Yvonne Baumer, Elizabeth M. Aquino Peterson, Matthew R. Bavuso, Noel Miller, Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta, Nithya P. Vijayakumar, Sam J. Neally, Kaveri Curlin, Valerie M. Mitchell, Billy S. Collins, Neelam R. Redekar, Subrata Paul, Anca D. Dobrian, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

African American (AA) women face disproportionate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to adverse social determinants of health (SDoH), including lower socioeconomic status (SES). Physical activity (PA) and plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate CVD risk, but their relationships with SDoH remain unclear. This study examines associations between SDoH, PA, and plasma EVs in a Washington, DC-based cohort of at-risk AA women. Participants (N = 24, Age: 57 ± 12, BMI: 35 ± 6, ASCVD: 9 ± 5) joined the Step It Up Community-Engaged, Digital Health Physical Activity Intervention pilot study. EVs were isolated from fasting plasma samples. Multivariable regression, adjusted for …

Health Disparities In Cardiovascular Care: The Impact Of Diabetes Education And Post-Discharge Interventions For African American Adults At Risk For And After Myocardial Infarction, Trinity L. Billingsley

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, affecting African American adults at higher rates compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Diabetes as a comorbidity is one of the risk factors of experiencing a myocardial infarction, remaining one of the leading causes of death among individuals with diabetes. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of structured diabetes education tailored to African American adults who are at risk for and after a myocardial infarction. Additionally assessing the complications of a myocardial infarction, the outcomes associated with structured education will be compared to the outcomes of …

Sex Differences In Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, And Outcomes Of Cardiovascular Disease: Kenya Heart Registry Analysis, Lilian Mbau, Martha Gulati, Mzee Ngunga, Jasmit Shah, Felix Barasa, Jeilan Mohamed, Anders Barasa, Bernard Gitura, Harun Otieno, Etienne Amendezo

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, with approximately 80% of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Sex differences in cardiovascular disease are well described in high-income countries but limited in low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives This study sought to evaluate the sex differences in clinical presentation, cardiovascular risk profile, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes among patients in the Kenya Heart Registry.

Methods Data were prospectively collected from 3 tertiary hospitals, including patients with heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, venous thromboembolism, and atrial fibrillation. Primary outcomes were in-hospital and 6-month mortality, as well as sex-specific differences …

The Gut-Heart Axis: Exploring The Role Of The Gut Microbiome In Cardiovascular Health-A Focused Systematic Review, Yahya Makkieh, Haider Hussain Shah, Sakan Binte Imran, Shadman Mahmood Mahmood Khan Pathan, Anagha Chirayath Saju, Mounica Majooju, Aastha Garg, Tarun Naag, Rabeeul Islam, Cheeranthodika Fahima, Ramsha Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This focused systematic review examines the role of the gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The review explores mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis with CVD via microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine-Noxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which affect inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism. Interventions including dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and pharmacological agents such as statins, rifaximin, and empagliflozin are evaluated for their impact on microbial composition and cardiovascular outcomes. Probiotic strains and fiber-rich diets demonstrated modest improvements in blood pressure, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers. Studies revealed that gut microbiome alterations influence drug metabolism and bleeding …

Optimizing Endothelial Cell Specific Polymersome-Based Atheroprotective Therapies, Ally C. Brawner

All Theses

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the United States and the world. Every year, billions of dollars are spent in the US alone for direct treatments of this disease, especially on prescription medicines like statins. However, these medications have been unable to curtail global mortality rates, partially because they do not target the entirety of atherosclerotic pathophysiology. A key area of this pathophysiology is that atheroprone arteries typically include pro-inflammatory endothelial cells that exhibit decreased levels of apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux and an increased release of adhesion molecules, such as VCAM-1. The objective of my project …

A Brief History Of Circadian Time In The Heart, Martin E Young, Vanya Khanna, Mallory Metcalfe, Niruththaan Rameshkumar, Sarah Harington, Leo H Li, Janan Shoja Doost, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Tami A Martino

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This review tracks the discovery of circadian biology in cardiovascular science, starting with early clinical observations of daily changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiovascular events. These patterns suggested that time of day matters, but it was not until the past two decades that the mechanisms and knowledge translation of these rhythms were uncovered. We describe the heart's intrinsic circadian properties and importantly how this leads to regulation of cardiac gene and protein expression, neuroendocrine and vascular rhythms, metabolism, cellular electrophysiology, and cell signaling pathways. Next, we explore emerging themes, including the impact of circadian timing on ischemic injury, …

Exploring The Association Between Self-Esteem And Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Investigation, Bijou C. Allard, Julia K. Boehm

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

High self-esteem is linked to favorable outcomes including better mental health and relationships, however, its impact on cardiovascular health is less understood. This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and blood pressure levels using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (M_age = 54.53; 57% women; 20% non-White). We hypothesized that higher self-esteem would be associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure concurrently and 10 years later. Self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and blood pressure was clinically assessed. Cross-sectional analyses included 1194 participants; longitudinal analyses included 566 participants. Contrary to expectations, …

Wild West Healthcare: Addressing Healthcare Disparities In Rural Texas, Alexis K. O'Neal

2025 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

Rural communities in Texas face significant barriers to healthcare access, including geographic isolation, limited healthcare facilities, and shortages of healthcare providers, which exacerbate health disparities and contribute to poorer health outcomes (Bennett et al., 2019; Jafri et al., 2024). This study examines healthcare access disparities between rural and urban areas in Texas, focusing on the role of telehealth and its impact on vulnerable populations, such as older adults and cardiovascular patients. Regions of Texas were categorized into rural, metropolitan, and metroplex areas to analyze variations in healthcare outcomes and access. Rural areas, defined as those with populations under 200,000, struggle …

The Role Of Tgfβ-Activated Kinase 1 In Fibroblast Differentiation And Cardiac Remodeling After Injury., Daniel Chien Nguyen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Immediately following myocardial injury, a robust reparative response is orchestrated through intercellular communication. While various cell populations play critical roles in this process, cardiac fibroblasts have long been recognized as essential mediators of collagen synthesis and scar maturation; however, recent investigations have uncovered significant heterogeneity within the cardiac fibroblast population, revealing distinct subpopulations with roles that extend beyond their traditional functions. Notably, after tissue injury, fibroblasts exposed to damage signals can transition to an inflammatory phenotype, utilizing paracrine and autocrine signaling to coordinate immune cell recruitment and activation. Yet, the mechanisms underlying inflammatory cardiac fibroblast differentiation and their influence on …

Exploring Mindfulness Meditation In Managing Elevated Blood Pressure And Heart Rate In Debilitating Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Han Jie Liu, Krish Patel, Zachary Coren, Youssef Daoud, Zeshan Fahim, Shikhar Rastogi, Justin Le, Avinash Gupta

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, with elevated blood pressure (BP) significantly contributing to its progression. Mindfulness meditation has emerged as a high-value preventative care strategy for managing BP and heart rate (HR); however, its specific effects on managing BP and HR in individuals with debilitating CVD remain poorly understood. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in this population. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we employed a tailored Boolean string to search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane …

From Gut To Heart: Tmao As A Predictive Marker For Cardiovascular Risk, Jasjeet Kaur Dhaliwal, Demi Poulathas

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced by gut microbiota from dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine, has emerged as a potential biomarker linking the gut microbiome to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review synthesizes findings from 31 studies examining the association between circulating TMAO levels and cardiovascular outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of plasma or serum TMAO concentrations in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods: Studies were identified through a systematic search and screened based on inclusion criteria that required human populations, quantification of blood-based TMAO, and analysis of …

Heart To Heart: Exploring Why Cardiovascular Risk Is Higher In South Asians, Jasjeet Kaur Dhaliwal

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, but South Asians experience a disproportionately high burden of disease, often developing CVD at younger ages and with lower body mass indices compared to other populations. This project explores the underlying genetic and lifestyle factors contributing to elevated cardiovascular risk in South Asians, aiming to highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies and policy reforms.

A literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies, meta-analyses, and reviews published between 2007 and 2024. After screening 47 initial articles, 18 were selected for analysis based on their relevance to genetic and lifestyle risk …

A Comparative Study Of Obesity-Related Traits And Serum Lipid Parameters In Cardiovascular Patients From Faisalabad, Pakistan, Muhammad Umer Ghori, Muhammad Shareef Masoud, Muhammad Shafique, Humera Fiaz, Misbah Hussain, Fazli Rabbi Awan

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Obesity and dyslipidemia are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), yet have not been extensively studied in Pakistani subjects. Therefore, this retrospective observational study was undertaken to investigate the association of obesity-related traits and serum lipid parameters in CVD patients from Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Methods: A total of 403 CVD patients and 226 healthy controls were included. CVD patients were enrolled from the Allied Hospital and the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology. Obesity-related traits [body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference (WC and HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], serum lipid parameters, and blood pressure of all subjects …

A Review Of Racial Differences And Disparities In Ecg, Jianwei Zheng, Chizobam Ani, Islam Abudayyeh, Yunfan Zheng, Cyril Rakovski, Ehsan Yaghmaei, Omolola Ogunyemi

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used, non-invasive tool for diagnosing a range of cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia and heart disease-related structural changes. Despite its critical role in clinical care, racial and ethnic differences in ECG readings are often underexplored or inadequately addressed in research. Variations in key ECG parameters, such as PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and T-wave morphology, have been noted across different racial groups. However, the limited research in this area has hindered the development of diagnostic criteria that account for these differences, potentially contributing to healthcare disparities, as ECG interpretation algorithms largely developed from major …

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review, Taha Shaikh, Darren Nguyen, Jasmine Dugal, Michael Dicaro, Brianna Yee, Nazanin Houshmand, Kachon Lei, Ali Namazi

Department of Internal Medicine Faculty Research

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by structural abnormalities, arrhythmias, and a spectrum of genetic and clinical manifestations. Clinically, ARVC is structurally distinguished by right ventricular dilation due to increased adiposity and fibrosis in the ventricular walls, and it manifests as cardiac arrhythmias ranging from non-sustained ventricular tachycardia to sudden cardiac death. Its prevalence has been estimated to range from 1 in every 1000 to 5000 people, with its large range being attributed to the variability in genetic penetrance from asymptomatic to significant burden. It is even suggested that the prevalence is underestimated, as the presence of genotypic mutations …

Mbnl Overexpression Rescues Cardiac Phenotypes In A Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Heart Mouse Model, Rong-Chi Hu, Yi Zhang, Larissa Nitschke, Sara J Johnson, Ayrea E Hurley, William R Lagor, Zheng Xia, Thomas A Cooper

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The expanded CUG repeat RNA (CUGexp RNA) transcribed from the mutant allele sequesters the muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of RNA-binding proteins, causing their loss of function and disrupting regulated pre-mRNA processing. We used a DM1 heart mouse model that inducibly expresses CUGexp RNA to test the contribution of MBNL loss to DM1 cardiac abnormalities and explored MBNL restoration as a potential therapy. AAV9-mediated overexpression of MBNL1 and/or MBNL2 significantly rescued DM1 cardiac phenotypes including conduction delays, contractile …

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Is Associated With An Increased Risk Of Adverse Cardiac Events And All-Cause Mortality, Thomas Z. Rohan, Ramsay Hafer, Teresa Duong, Rishob Dasgupta, Sherry Yang

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been previously associated with greater rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) compared to the general population. This study aims to better elucidate the association between HS, MACEs, and other cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We utilized TriNetX, a global database of electronic health records, to conduct a retrospective cohort study. HS patients were matched on demographic and cardiovascular disease risk factors to both healthy and psoriasis groups as controls. Results: After adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors, HS patients had a relative risk (RR) (95% CI) of 2.06 (1.83-2.32) for myocardial infarction, 1.62 …

The Impact Of Diabetes Education & Post Discharge Interventions For African American Adults At Risk For & After Myocardial Infarction, Trinity L. Billingsley

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Cardiovascular disease or CVD refers to a multitude of conditions that affect both the heart and blood vessels. Being the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease claims 919,032 lives; the risk of death becomes more likely when accompanied with comorbidities like diabetes (CDC, 2024). While heart disease is a leading cause of death across all populations, it accounts for a larger proportion of deaths in African American, or AA, adults at 22.6% compared to White adults at 18.0% and Hispanic adults at 11.9%, highlighting persistent racial disparities in cardiovascular outcomes (CDC, 2024). Diabetes as a comorbidity …

Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases And Risk Factors In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990-2023, Global Burden Of Cardiovascular Diseases And Risks 2023 Collaborators, Benjamin A. Stark, Nicole K. Decleene, Emily C. Desai, Johnathan M. Hsu, Catherine O. Johnson, Laura Lara-Castor, Kate E. Legrand, Prof Bhoomadevi A., Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Nasir Abbas, Madineh Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Hedayat Abbastabar, Abdallah H. A. Abd Al Magied, Samar Abd Elhafeez, Gregory A. Roth, Et Al.

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and are among the foremost causes of disability globally. CVD burden has continued to increase in most countries since 1990, with trends driven by changing exposures to harmful risk factors, population growth, and population aging.

Objectives

We report estimates of global, national, and subnational CVD burden, including 18 subdiseases and 12 associated modifiable risk factors. We analyzed change in CVD burden from 1990 to 2023 and identified drivers of change including population growth, population aging, and risk factor exposure.

Methods

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study, a multinational …

Functions Of Tam Receptors And Ligands Protein S And Gas6 In Atherosclerosis And Cardiovascular Disease, Teagan Prouse, Samarpan Majumder, Rinku Majumder

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are associated with high morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. The Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases is involved in the amplification or resolution of atherosclerosis pathology and other cardiovascular pathology. The ligands of these receptors, Protein S (PS) and growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6), are essential for TAM receptor functions in the amplification and resolution of atherosclerosis. The Axl-Gas6 interaction has various effects on cardiovascular disease. Mer and PS dampen inflammation, thereby protecting against atherosclerosis progression. Tyro3, the least studied TAM receptor in cardiovascular disease, appears to protect against fibrosis …

Multicohort Epigenome-Wide Association Study Of All-Cause Cardiovascular Disease And Cancer Incidence: A Cardio-Oncology Approach, Arce Domingo-Relloso, Angela L Riffo-Campos, Naisi Zhao, Guillermo Ayala, Karin Haack, Carlos Manterola, Dorothy A Rhoades, Jason G Umans, M Daniele Fallin, Miguel Herreros-Martinez, Marina Pollan, Eric Boerwinkle, Elizabeth A Platz, Miranda R Jones, Jan Bressler, Roby Joehanes, Calen P Ryan, Juan R Gonzalez, Daniel Levy, Daniel W Belsky, Shelley A Cole, Dominique S Michaud, Ana Navas-Acien, Maria Tellez-Plaza

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence reveals a complex relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, which share common risk factors and biological pathways.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate common epigenetic signatures for CVD and cancer incidence in 3 ethnically diverse cohorts: Native Americans from the SHS (Strong Heart Study), European Americans from the FHS (Framingham Heart Study), and European Americans and African Americans from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study.

METHODS: A 2-stage strategy was used that included first conducting untargeted epigenome-wide association studies for each cohort and then running targeted models in the union set of …

Target Heart Rate Formulas For Exercise Stress Testing: What Is The Evidence?, Omar Almaadawy, Barry F Uretsky, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Yochai Birnbaum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Exercise stress testing (EST) is commonly used to evaluate chest pain, with some labs using 85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR) as an endpoint for EST. The APMHR is often calculated using the formula 220-age. However, the accuracy of this formula and 85% APMHR as an endpoint may be questioned. Moreover, failing to reach 85% APMHR (known as chronotropic insufficiency) may also indicate poor cardiovascular prognosis, but measurements, such as percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR), maximum rate pressure product (MRPP), and the maximum metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) reached during EST may provide better prediction of cardiovascular outcomes than …

A Potential Role For Magi-1 In The Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder And Cardiovascular Disease, Priyanka Banerjee, Khanh Chau, Sivareddy Kotla, Eleanor L Davis, Estefani Berrios Turcios, Shengyu Li, Zhang Pengzhi, Guangyu Wang, Gopi Krishna Kolluru, Abhishek Jain, John P Cooke, Junichi Abe, Nhat-Tu Le

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose of review: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of sadness and worthlessness. MDD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the precise link between these conditions remains unclear. This review explores factors underlying the development of MDD and CVD, including genetic, epigenetic, platelet activation, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.

Recent findings: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the membrane-associated guanylate kinase WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 (MAGI-1) are associated with neuroticism and psychiatric disorders including MDD. SNPs in …

Roles Of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2s) As A Potential Therapeutic Agent In Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review, Kazi N. Islam, Ivan D. Nguyen, Rahib Islam, Humza Pirzadah, Hassan Malik

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the continued search for novel therapeutics is vital for addressing this global health challenge. Over the past decade, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has garnered significant attention in the field of medical research, as it has been proven to be a cardioprotective gaseous signaling molecule. It joins nitric oxide and carbon monoxide as endogenously produced gasotransmitters. As for its mechanism, H₂S functions through the posttranslational addition of a sulfur group to cysteine residues on target proteins in a process called sulfhydration. As a result, the observed …