Diseases Commons^™

Emerging Clinical Role Of Tavapadon, A Novel Dopamine Partial Agonist, In The Treatment Of Parkinson’S Disease, Alan D. Kaye, Bennett M. Ford, Brennan M. Abbott, Kalob M. Broocks, Sofia Novacic, Sahar Shekoohi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Tavapadon, a novel oral dopamine-D1R/D5R partial agonist, has been studied in recent years for the treatment of late-stage development Parkinson’s disease (PD). Levodopa, a dopamine precursor that currently remains the gold-standard first-line therapy for PD motor symptoms, serves as a benchmark against emerging dopaminergic agents. By selectively activating D1-family receptors on direct-pathway medium neurons, Tavapadon differs in that it delivers levodopa-level motor benefit while avoiding its many D2R/D3R-mediated adverse effects. In placebo-controlled trials, Tavapadon produced clear, clinically meaningful gains in motor function and day-to-day activities, as captured by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Recent late-stage results have revealed …

Deep Learning-Driven Proteomics Analysis For Gene Annotation In The Renin-Angiotensin System, Mortaza Eivazi, Kamran Hosseini, Shahin Alipanahi, Huijing Xia, Luke Restivo, Ayushi Patel, Mahdieh Gozali, Tahereh Ebrahimi, Amy Scarborough, Vahideh Tarhriz, Eric Lazartigues

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is central to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy, yet the functions of many RAS genes remain unclear. This study developed a multi-label deep learning model to systematically annotate RAS gene functions and elucidate their roles in biological pathways. A total of 39,463 RAS-related publications from PubMed and PMC were processed into text format. Feature matrices were generated using TF-IDF and token processing, followed by dimensionality reduction via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was applied for multi-label classification, with performance evaluated using Precision, F1-Score, Ranking Loss, and ROC-AUC metrics. The model outperformed …

Comparison Of Crotalidae Immune F(Ab')2 (Equine) And Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) At Establishing Control Of Initial Envenomation Symptoms In Louisiana Agkistrodon Envenomations, Taylor Sanders, Christine Murphy, Greggory Davis, Christina Aspinwall, Lauren Theriot, Christopher Mcvicker, Thomas Arnold

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Copperheads and cottonmouths are responsible for most snake envenomations in Louisiana. While the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved both Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (FabAV) and Crotalidae immune F(ab') (Fab2AV) for Agkistrodon envenomations, data is limited comparing their efficacies for this indication. METHODS: This is a retrospective study comparing FabAV to Fab2AV in the treatment of suspected Agkistrodon envenomations in Louisiana between April 2017 and October 2024. Cases identifying rattlesnakes were excluded. The primary outcome was the need for additional antivenom doses to achieve control after the initial antivenom dose. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight patients received FabAV …

Usage And Behavioral Data Of Consumers Using Hair Dye Products Containing 2-Methoxymethyl-P-Phenylenediamine, Monika Kock, Carsten Goebel, Lidia Mihailescu, Maike Seib, Agnieszka Malesa, Anthony Gaspari, Brunhilde Blömeke

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

The potent sensitizer PPD is considered a key sensitizer in hair dye contact allergy. Modification of its molecular structure to 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine (ME-PPD) reduces its skin sensitizing potency. We investigated the usage, behavior, and tolerance profile of ME-PPD-containing professional hair color products in a specifically tailored proactive market surveillance program in hairdresser salons across 5 countries. Hairdressers completed record cards for their clients, which were evaluated at the end of the program. 497 individuals received in total 2461 hair color treatments with ME-PPD-containing hair color. Feedback on compatibility was provided for 194 individuals: 6 individuals reported intolerance reactions, which were assessed …

Subtype-Specific Her3 Enrichment In Basal-Like Breast Cancer Is Regulated Via The Gata2/Gata3–Foxa1 Axis, Congcong Tan, Hui Lyu, Sanbao Ruan, Yakun Wu, Margaret E. Larsen, Shou Ching Tang, Bolin Liu

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a major subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by aggressive behavior, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. While HER3 overexpression is frequently observed in TNBC and associated with poor outcomes, its subtype-specific expression and therapeutic potential remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that HER3 signaling is selectively hyperactivated in BLBC compared to claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) using transcriptomic profiling. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), Romidepsin and Panobinostat, exerted potent antitumor effects on BLBC by selectively downregulating HER3 expression. HER3 levels were positively correlated with FOXA1, a key transcriptional activator. Mechanistically, we identified GATA2 and GATA3 as …

Periprocedural Results And Right Ventricular Outcomes Of Computer Assisted Vacuum Thrombectomy Treatment Of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Interim Analysis Of 300 Patients From The Strike-Pe Study, John M. Moriarty, Brian J. Schiro, Suhail Y. Dohad, Houman Tamaddon, Hugh C. Davis, David M. Shavelle, George S. Chrysant, Elias A. Iliadis, David J. Dexter, Juan J. Ciampi Dopazo, Andrew Holden, Frances M. West, Brent Keeling, Andrew S. P. Sharp, Ido Weinberg

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) can be a life-threatening condition. Endovascular treatment is emerging as a promising treatment to restore hemodynamic stability and reverse right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in PE; however, more studies are needed to elucidate the effects on the right ventricle after endovascular treatment. This analysis reports the effects of computer assisted vacuum thrombectomy on RV function.

METHODS: Eligible patients for the single-arm, prospective, international, multicenter STRIKE-PE (A Prospective, Multicenter Study of the Indigo Aspiration System Seeking to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Outcomes of Treating Pulmonary Embolism) cohort study are adults with acute PE with symptoms for ≤14 …

What Next? A Challenging Case Of Refractory Hypertension With End-Organ Dysfunction In A 33-Year-Old Male, Rezane Miftari Md, Shaun Abid, Anton Stolear, Irma Fotjhadi

Posters

We present a challenging case of a 33-year-old male with history of longstanding hypertension since high school, which progressed to RH complicated by severe left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis.

Compelled Contraception, Lars Noah

West Virginia Law Review

Can the federal government insist that people use contraceptives? It may come as a surprise to learn that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has done just that as a condition for allowing access to some pharmaceutical products that create a serious risk of birth defects. Over the last few decades, the agency has demanded that patients using certain teratogenic agents—now numbering over a dozen drugs prescribed for a variety of conditions, ranging from severe acne and psoriasis to multiple myeloma and pulmonary hypertension—agree to avoid becoming pregnant, sometimes for years after completing their course of treatment. Undoubtedly the …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Towards Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 20 Years And Above In Mysuru, India, Sneha Manosh Kumar, Rashmi S, Amogha Shree

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cancer among women globally and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in India. Despite being largely preventable through screening, uptake remains suboptimal due to socio-cultural and systemic barriers.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women aged ≥20 years residing in urban and rural areas of Mysuru. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 30.

Results: Awareness of cervical cancer was reported by 90% of participants and of screening methods by 80%. However, only 21% had ever undergone screening and 17% within the preceding …

Diagnostic Journey In The Recognition Of Oncogenic Osteomalacia, Steven B. Nagelberg, Mihaela Biscoveanu, Barbara Bix, Carrie Andrews, Srinivas Prasad

Jefferson Health - Northeast Papers (formerly Aria Health Papers)

A 73-year-old woman with a remote history of successfully treated primary hyperparathyroidism was referred to our office because of multiple skeletal fractures and proximal muscle weakness. Prior laboratory evaluation demonstrated hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, elevated PTH, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Updated evaluation in our clinic additionally showed hypophosphatemia prompting measurement of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 proved to be markedly elevated prompting consideration of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Positron emission tomography with Cu-64 oxodotreotide revealed an enhancing focus in the left thoracic spine that was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging to be a 1.5-cm extradural mass. The patient underwent surgical …

Socioeconomic Disadvantage, All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In Patients Treated With Maintenance Dialysis: A Mediation Analysis Of Geographical Inequity And Multimorbidity, Farzaneh Boroumand, Wai H. Lim, Shuvo Bakar, Ryan Gately, Pedro Lopez, Dharshana Sabanayagam, Anita Van Zwieten, Lin Zhu, Germaine Wong, Armando Teixeira-Pinto

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Rationale & Objective: Social gradient in health (a “social gradient in health” refers to the observed pattern in which individuals with lower socioeconomic status typically experience poorer health outcomes than those with higher socioeconomic status. This indicates that health disparities exist across different social levels, with the most disadvantaged groups experiencing the worst health outcomes) is significant and established in patients with kidney failure, but the pathways of this relationship are unknown. We aimed to assess the mediating effects of multimorbidity and geographical remoteness in the socioeconomic status (SES)-death associations. Study Design: A cohort study. Setting & Participants: All patients …

Antimicrobial Resistance Of Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile In Cambodia, Lengsea Eng, Papanin Putsathit, Su Chen Lim, Jessica M. Chisholm, Deirdre A. Collins, Archie C.A. Clements, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Thomas V. Riley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major topic of interest in infectious disease management. We studied AMR in Clostridioides difficile isolated in Cambodia. Methods: Agar dilution susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimicrobials for 192 isolates of C. difficile from four populations in Cambodia: hospitalised adults, hospitalised children, children from an outpatient department (OPD), and healthy adolescents in the community. Results: Using the CLSI MIC breakpoints for anaerobes and EUCAST breakpoints for C. difficile, all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, metronidazole, fidaxomicin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and none were resistant …

Antibiotic Stewardship In Pediatric Head And Neck Surgery, Mary Grace Robichaux, Zhide Fang, Jill N. D'Souza

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to determine the rate of postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) among clean head and neck surgeries and review perioperative antibiotic administration practices. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Pediatric tertiary care institution in New Orleans over a ten-year period. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken to identify clean head and neck surgical procedures performed at Manning Family Children's between 2013 and 2023. EPIC SlicerDicer™ was used to identify patients between ages 0-18 who underwent clean head and neck surgeries. Each chart was reviewed for perioperative antibiotic administration and occurrence of postoperative SSI. Rates of SSI were compared …

Real-World Treatment Patterns And Management Gaps Of Lumbar Disc Herniation In The United States, Amit Bhandutia, Min Yang, Qing Liu, Yipeng Gao, Jiaxuan Liu, Steven Liu, Amy Guo, Kinsuk Chauhan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) affects approximately 1% to 3% of the population annually and leads to substantial physical burden, quality-of-life burden, and productivity loss. Commonly used interventions, including pharmacological and epidural steroid injections (ESIs), have limited high-quality evidence to support their effectiveness in the long-term for treating LDH beyond symptom relief. In general, there is a lack of consensus for timing of treatment after LDH onset and limited data on real-world treatment of LDH. The objective of this study was to describe current real-world treatment patterns and inform gaps in clinical management of patients with LDH. METHODS: A retrospective …

Zika Virus Impairs Autophagic Flux In Trabecular Meshwork, And Inhibition Of Autophagy Restricts Ocular Viral Transmission And Associated Pathology, Faraz Ahmad, Prince Kumar, Pallav Singh, Trupti Joshi, Pawan Kumar Singh

Biomedical Sciences

Zika virus (ZIKV) is the lone member of Flavivirus family known to cause congenital glaucoma following in utero exposure. The molecular mechanisms of ZIKV-induced glaucoma remain elusive, with no known therapeutic modalities. Autophagy plays a dual role in viral infections and glaucoma pathogenesis. However, how ZIKV  interferes with autophagic pathways in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and whether autophagy contributes to ZIKV-induced ocular complications remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in ZIKV ocular pathogenesis utilizing a primary human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMC) and IFNAR1-/- mouse model of ocular infection. Our results show that ZIKV permissively infects HTMC, elicits …

The Role Of Liver Macrophages In Viral Liver Pathogenesis, Alexis Brantly, Kyle Yeakle, Michael J. Bouchard, Peter J. Gaskill, Michael R. Nonnemacher

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Liver macrophages play important roles in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, liver macrophages are a heterogenous population and have differing roles in maintenance of liver function and response in disease. In a healthy liver, macrophages play a critical role in antigen processing, maintaining tolerance to the high levels of gut-derived bacterial products, and regulating inflammation through cytokine response. However, macrophages also play a critical role in liver pathology, specifically in the context of viral infection. The liver is targeted by multiple viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, which dysregulate macrophage …

Unplanned Hospitalization Among Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients By Diabetes Status: A Population-Based Study, Amy L. Shaver, Krupa Gandhi, Scott W. Keith, Nikita Nikita, Christopher C. Yang, Felix J. Kim, Hushan Yang, William K. Kelly, Stephen J. Freedland, Grace Lu-Yao

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Older adults with advanced prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus are underrepresented in trials of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. This study examined changes in unplanned hospitalization rates in patients receiving androgen receptor pathway inhibitors by type 2 diabetes mellitus status and assessed if unplanned hospitalization varies according to androgen receptor pathway inhibitors.

METHODS: This population-based study of advanced prostate cancer patients aged older than 66 years used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data. Prepost androgen receptor pathway inhibitor initiation changes and androgen receptor pathway inhibitor differences in unplanned hospitalization rates were estimated by adjusted incidence rate ratio with …

Integrated Systems Biology Identifies Disruptions In Mitochondrial Function And Metabolism As Key Contributors To Hfpef, Andrew A. Gibb, Kyle Lapenna, Ryan B. Gaspar, Nadina R. Latchman, Yinfei Tan, Carmen Choya-Foces, Jake E. Doiron, Zhen Li, Huijing Xia, Michael P. Lazaropoulos, Mariell Conwell, Thomas E. Sharp, Traci T. Goodchild, David J. Lefer, John W. Elrod

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for ∼50% of HF cases. The ZSF1-obese rat model recapitulates clinical features of HFpEF including hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, exercise intolerance, and diastolic dysfunction. We utilized a systems-biology approach to define the metabolic and transcriptional signatures to gain mechanistic insight into pathways contributing to HFpEF development. Male ZSF1-obese, ZSF1-lean hypertensive controls, and WKY (wild-type) controls were compared at 14 weeks of age for extensive physiological phenotyping and left ventricle (LV) tissue harvesting for unbiased-metabolomics, RNA-sequencing, and mitochondrial morphology and function. Utilizing ZSF1-lean and WKY controls enabled a distinction between hypertension-driven molecular changes …

Time-Frequency Fingerprint Analysis In Seeg Source-Space To Identify The Epileptogenic Zone, Yash Shashank Vakilna, Deniz Atilgan, Johnson Hampson, Chinmay Chinara, Takfarinas Medani, Richard M Leahy, Nuria Lacuey, Samden D Lhatoo, Sandipan Pati, John C Mosher, Jay R Gavvala

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This case study highlights the application of seizure fingerprint analysis in the source-space of stereo-EEG (SEEG) data to accurately localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with complex cortical malformations. A 25-year-old female with extensive bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (PMG) presented with intractable focal seizures. The source-level analysis performed in Brainstorm using the sLORETA imaging algorithm subsequently showed EZ fingerprint analysis. The patient underwent MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), targeting the identified EZ, resulting in postoperative seizure freedom with minimal complications. Extending the analysis from the sensor-space to the source-space could further enhance surgical planning and improve outcomes in complex …

Determining Risk Factors And Rate Of Surgery After Collagenase Injections For Dupuytren Contracture, Ryan C. Cha, Juliet S. Chung, Sina Ramtin, Asif M. Ilyas

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Purpose: Collagenase injections are a nonsurgical treatment for Dupuytren contracture, but their long-term effectiveness in preventing surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of surgical intervention following collagenase treatment and identify whether specific risk factors increase the likelihood of future surgical correction. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX US Collaborative network to identify patients diagnosed with Dupuytren contracture between January 2007 and September 2024. Patients initially treated with collagenase injections were identified using relevant current procedural terminology codes. Procedure-specific current procedural terminology codes were then used to determine which patients underwent a subsequent fasciectomy or …

Parent Needs, Recommendations, And Systemic Challenges Affecting Pediatric Hypertension Detection, Abbas H. Zaidi, Erica D. Sood, Sarah De Ferranti, Samuel Gidding, Varsha Zadokar, Jonathan M. Miller, Anne E Kazak

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Pediatric hypertension (HTN) affects 3%-5% of children in the United States, yet only 25% are diagnosed and 60% lack recommended follow-up care. Skepticism about elevated blood pressure (BP) readings and reluctance to use antihypertensive medications by parents and clinicians highlight the need for stakeholder-informed strategies to address these challenges. This study examined parents' perceived needs, their recommended strategies to improve HTN detection, and contextual health system challenges. Parents and clinicians from 10 pediatric primary care clinics participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Only parents of children with documented stage 2 BP readings and a HTN diagnosis, but with gaps in care …

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Artificial Intelligence Among Healthcare Professionals: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey, Nikhil R, Divya K L, Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur, Harshwardhan S Patil, Shashirekha B, Hema Sameera Pinnam, Purna Bansal

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Deep learning-powered Artificial Intelligence-driven assistance offers enormous potential to improve healthcare by facilitating administrative work, diagnosis, and the treatment of chronic diseases. The gap between clinical values and the day-to-day realities of primary care practice might widen if AI is not successfully incorporated.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate healthcare professionals' perceptions and understanding of AI within a clinical setting. The study was conducted among 456 Health care Workers from May to November 2024.

Results: Among 456 participants, 55.7% were MBBS students/interns, and 37.9% were postgraduates/professionals. More than 50% supported AI integration, and 62.3% of MBBS …

The Brescia International Multidisciplinary Consensus Guidelines On The Optimal Pathology Assessment And Multidisciplinary Pathways Of Non-Pancreatic Neoplasms In And Around The Ampulla Of Vater (Peripan), Mohammad Abu Hilal, Bas A Uijterwijk, Daniël H L Lemmers, Boris V Janssen, Marc G Besselink, Denise Bianchi, Arantza Fariña, Noriyoshi Fukushima, Anthony J Gill, Seung-Mo Hong, Alyssa Krasinskas, Claudio Luchini, Laura Melocchi, Giulio Rossi, Aldo Scarpa, Olca Basturk, Deyali Chatterjee, Angela Chou, Irene Esposito, Roger Feakins, Bas Groot Koerkamp, Ralph H Hruban, Stefano La Rosa, Chanjuan Shi, Aatur Singhi, Joanne Verheij, Huamin Wang, Sergio Alfieri, Fabio Ausania, Adnan Alseidi, Marco J Bruno, Ugo Boggi, Claudio Bnà, Christos Dervenis, Massimo Falconi, Michele Ghidini, Jakob W Kist, Giovanni Marchegiani, Michele Milella, Roberto Salvia, Ajith Siriwardena, Hanneke Wilmink, Alberto Zaniboni, Shaimaa Al-Janabi, Maia Blomhoff Holm, Eva Roos, Naoki Sano, In Hye Song, Zeynep Tarcan, Gianpaolo Balzano, Isabella Frigerio, Alfredo Guglielmi, Giuseppe Malleo, Horacio Asbun, Volkan Adsay, Caroline Verbeke

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The lack of multidisciplinary workflow guidelines and clear definitions and classifications for neoplasms in and around the ampulla of Vater results in inconsistencies affecting patient care and research.

OBJECTIVE: The PERIPAN international multidisciplinary consensus group aimed to standardize the multidisciplinary diagnostic workflow and achieve consensus on definitions and classifications in order to ensure proper classification and optimal diagnostic assessment and consequently to improve patient care and future research.

DESIGN: An international team of 43 experts (pathologists, surgeons, radiologists, gastroenterologists, oncologists) from 12 countries identified knowledge gaps, reviewed 37061 articles, and proposed recommendations using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology …

Generation Of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines (Rfsci003-A, Rfsci004-A) From Monozygotic Twins Discordant For Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Naresh Rajendran, Wendy Runyon, Sam Hu, Ajeet Singh, Rinki Ratnapriya, Ritu Kumar, Karl Csaky, Srinivasa R Sripathi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has significant genetic component, yet monozygotic twins frequently exhibit discordance in disease status, highlighting the role of non-genetic factors. To enable comparative studies of AMD pathogenesis, we generated two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a monozygotic twin pair discordant for AMD. These iPSC lines offer a unique genetically matched resource to investigate molecular differences between affected and unaffected twins, as well as their responses to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributors to AMD development.

Management Of Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome With Triggers: Diagnostic And Treatment Algorithms From An Asia-Pacific Perspective, Hee Gyung Kang, Danny Hsu, Noritoshi Kato, Jin Seok Kim, Masayoshi Okumi, Min Hua Tseng, Kun Hua Tu, Desmond Yat Hin Yap, Wai H. Lim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Complement-amplifying events/conditions associated with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) include pregnancy/postpartum period, severe hypertension, autoimmune diseases, drug exposures, infections and organ transplantation. Some of these ‘triggers’ may exist comorbidly with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS; a complement-mediated form of TMA), unmask previously undiagnosed aHUS, or occur secondary to aHUS, thus creating a considerable diagnostic challenge. A major goal in patients presenting with TMA is to differentiate complement-mediated aHUS from other causes of TMA such that appropriate targeted treatment with complement 5 (C5) inhibitors can be initiated rapidly to avoid irreversible end-organ damage. To this end, nephrologists and haematologists from Australia, Hong Kong, …

Risk Of Second Primary Lung Cancer Among Cancer Survivors Stratified By The Site Of First Primary Cancer And The Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility Status, Sara Nofal, Edwin J Ostrin, Jianjun Zhang, Jia Wu, Paul Scheet, Mara B Antonoff, John V Heymach, Iakovos Toumazis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Personal history of cancer is an independent risk factor for developing lung cancer. However, it is not considered in the current US lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines. In this study, we assessed the risk of developing lung cancer among cancer survivors across 24 different sites of first primary cancer stratified by their LCS eligibility status. Using data from the Patient History Database at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, we calculated and compared the cumulative incidence of second primary lung cancer, the overall and the LCS eligibility status-specific, stratified by the site of first primary cancer among cancer …

Enhancing Preparedness: A Genetic Study Of Sar-Cov-2 And Other Microbial Public Health Threats In Wastewater From A College Town, Christian N. Hutchinson

Master's Theses

Problem

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed both the systemic vulnerabilities of our healthcare system as well as the importance of timely, localized data for informing public health responses. Traditional testing approaches were essential but often failed to capture the full extent of viral spread, especially in those with mild or asymptomatic conditions that relied on at home testing. This underreporting hindered effective allocation of resources and made developing effective intervention strategies difficult. We also realized the potential for wastewater surveillance to be applied to tracking antimicrobial resistance gene markers. Taken together, this approach should have important implications for improving public …

Weight Gain Among Tuberculosis Patients And Its Association With Socio-Demographic Profile And Disease-Related Characteristics In Urban And Rural Areas Of Mysuru., Sana Khader M, Smitha Malenahalli Chandrashekarappa, Anchu R Nath, Arun Gopi

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public health burden in India, accounting for 25% of the global tuberculosis cases. Weight gain during tuberculosis treatment is a key recovery indicator influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors. Addressing these challenges is crucial for achieving India’s Tuberculosis elimination goal by 2025.

Objectives: To assess weight gain across different phases of anti tubercular therapy among tuberculosis patients in urban and rural Mysuru, and to determine its association with sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done using secondary data of tuberculosis patients who attended primary health care centers in …

Personalised Learning In Medical Education – A Futuristic Model For Individual Learning Styles, Sujatha Mahadevarao Premnath, Ashwin Chand Ravichandran, Sivaa Rajendran

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Medical education is transitioning from the traditional teacher-centred to a student-centred model, and an approach that caters to the diverse needs of the learner is necessary to meet these needs. Personalised learning is one such strategy that offers learning content based on individual profiles, learning styles, pace, and competency gaps. Here, the individual student receives content based on their preference, where the content can be created by educators leveraging technology, an adaptive learning platform, and artificial intelligence. It provides an inclusive and efficient learning platform that helps in creating more efficient medical graduates. This article explores the concept of personalized …

Potential Biological Hazards In Health Clinics: Key Strategies For Enhancing Worker Safety In Malaysia, Subki Ahmad, Normah Awang, Ermie Abdull Hamid, Anuar Ithnin, Nurul Farahana Kamaludin, Noraizah Muhd Nor

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Biological hazards in health clinics may lead to acute or chronic health issues for healthcare workers. This study aims to identify potential biological hazards within health clinics, with a focus on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers, in order to improve their safety.

Methods: Samples from environmental surfaces were collected and cultured to identify bacterial pathogens. A cross-sectional study involving 203 healthcare workers was conducted using a questionnaire derived from CDC-adapted guidelines. Descriptive analysis and multivariate regression were used to assess KAP.

Results: Bacterial growth was observed in all clinics. The Kruskal-Wallis Test …