Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Demographic, Cultural, And Environmental Factors Associated With Frequency And Severity Of Malnutrition Among Zambian Children Less Than Five Years Of Age, Selestine H. Nzalal, Seter Siyizal, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Radatsikira

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Under-nutrition prevents growth and development in children and is the leading factor to illness and death among children less than five years of age in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine associations of demographic, cultural and environmental factors with frequency and severity of malnutrition among children less than five years of age in Zambia. We used data from the Zambia multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS) from years of 1999 to 2000. Altogether 6,142 children participated in the survey. The prevalence rates for being "underweight", "stunted" and "wasted" were 17.6, 37.5 and 4.1%, respectively. Compared to children …

The Ingredients Of Change: A Political Ecology Approach To Diabetes In The Somali Community Of Minnesota, Mina Tehrani

Geography Capstone Projects

In the early 1990’s, due to political circumstances at home, Somali immigrants and refugees began arriving in the state of Minnesota in large numbers. Over the past two decades, Somali immigrants have come to comprise one of the most populous ethnic groups in the Twin Cities, and are the largest Somali population in the world outside of Eastern Africa. Although quantitative data is unavailable, qualitative evidence and testimonies of healthcare professionals support the conclusion that Somali immigrants in Minnesota suffer from higher rates of diabetes than non-immigrant groups and than they likely did before migration. Why might this be the …

A Current Examination Of Dietary Intakes Of Fiber, Calcium, Iron, And Zinc And Their Relationship To Blood Lead Levels In U.S. Children Aged 1–5 Years, Stephanie A. Melchert

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A CURRENT EXAMINATION OF DIETARY INTAKES OF FIBER, CALCIUM, IRON, AND ZINC AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN U.S. CHILDREN AGED 1-5 YEARS Stephanie Ann Melchert, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2010 Adviser: Kaye Stanek Krogstrand The effect of lead on the health and well-being of those exposed has been well documented and many efforts have been made to reduce exposure of lead to the United States population. Despite these efforts, many studies have documented cognitive impairments and behavioral problems in children with even low levels of lead in their blood. Previous studies have suggested that a proper diet …

Maternal Employment And Childhood Obesity Among Immigrant Families, Qi Zhang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

There are continued interests to examine the relationship between maternal employment and childhood obesity. However, little research has been focused on childhood obesity among immigrant families with working mothers. This study used the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics (PSID) and Child Development Supplement (CDS) in 2002 and compared the impact of maternal employment on childhood obesity between immigrant families and US-born families. The positive effect of maternal employment on children’s body weight status was much stronger in immigrant families than in US-born families. The full-time employment status of mothers had strong and significant effect on immigrant children’s BMI (beta = …

Family Members' Influence On Family Meal Vegetable Choices, Tionni R. Wenrich, J. Lynne Brown, Michelle Miller-Day, Kevin J. Kelley, Eugene J. Lengerich

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Objective—Characterize the process of family vegetable selection (especially cruciferous, deep orange, and dark green leafy vegetables); demonstrate the usefulness of Exchange Theory (how family norms and past experiences interact with rewards and costs) for interpreting the data.

Design—Eight focus groups, two with each segment (men/women vegetable-likers/dislikers based on a screening form). Participants completed a vegetable intake form.

Setting—Rural Appalachian Pennsylvania.

Participants—61 low-income, married/cohabiting men (n=28) and women (n=33).

Analysis—Thematic analysis within Exchange Theory framework for qualitative data. Descriptive analysis, t-tests and chi-square tests for quantitative data.

Results—Exchange Theory proved useful for understanding that regardless …

Development And Formative Implementation Of A Nutrition Assessment And Peer Education Program Based On Dietary Analysis At A California State University, Janay Jelso

Master's Theses

A healthy diet has been established as a key component contributing to an individual’s quality of life. Statistics show that the diet of Americans needs improvement (Guenther et al., 2007) indicating possible lack knowledge of what healthy eating behaviors are. There is an abundance of nutrition misinformation available to the consumer (American Dietetic Association, 2002a). Dietary interventions that provide credible education based on readiness to change behaviors and goal setting have been successful in increasing awareness of what healthy eating behaviors are and changing existing behaviors over time (Ammerman et al., 2002; Evans & Sawyer-Morse, 2002; Gambera et al., 1995; …

The Relationship Between Resilience And Body Image In College Women, Robert J. Mcgrath, Wiggin Julie, Rosemary M. Caron

Health Management & Policy

Possessing a negative body image is associated with unhealthy eating habits and eating disorders in college women and has been linked to depression and negative feelings of self worth. Limited research exists on protective factors that have the potential to mitigate body image dissatisfaction. This paper examines the relationship of resilience to body image dissatisfaction in college women. Female, undergraduate college students were studied using previously validated measures. Results indicate that increased resilience is associated with improved body image.

2008 - 2009 Touro College Project Aspire Yearbook, Touro College Project Aspire

Yearbooks and Newsletters

With the support of Touro College's School of Health Sciences and the Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Project Aspire is a program offered for pre-kindergarten through first grade students and their families at P.S. 197 in Harlem, New York. The program provides basic education on health and promotes healthy lifestyle choices including proper nutrition and exercise.

Parental Influences In Child Obesity, Janel Lynn Calinisan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

One of the greatest concerns in American society is peoples’ health. In the past several years there has been an overwhelming increase in obesity in Americans. This concern relates not only to adults, but also to children, as more are found to be overweight. Many factors have been suggested as to why more children are becoming obese, including parenting, demographics, physical activity, nutrition, and biological factors. Studies have shown that parental influence or involvement can be related to child obesity such that neglected children were more likely to be obese in adolescence and sustain it through adulthood. In order to …

Glycemic Load And Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease: The Cache County Study On Memory, Health, And Aging, Eun Young Choi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbohydrates are a major energy source for the human body and particularly glucose is the only energy source for the brain. Thus glucose metabolism is important to maintain normal brain function. Evidence showed insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with cognitive decline and a large amount of highly processed carbohydrate intake; in other words, a high glycemic load diet, which increases blood glucose faster and insulin demand, is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Based on this premise, the hypothesis that a high glycemic load (GL) diet increases the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was examined …

Childhood Obesity In Minority Populations In The United States, Qi Zhang, Youfa Wang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Obesity became a public health crisis in the United States, which affects both adults and children.^1,2,24,25 Approximately 31% of U.S. children and adolescents aged 2-19 years were overweight or obese, and almost 17% were obese in 1999-2004.^3-5,24 Studies suggest that increased consumption of more energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods with high levels of sugar and saturated fats, combined with reduced physical activity, have contributed to the rising obesity epidemic among children.^6,21,28 Childhood obesity increased the risk of many diet-related chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, and certain forms of cancers.⁷ It is important to …

Poverty, Diet And Health Behaviours: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Among Young Urbanised Women., Daniel Mccartney

Doctoral

Demographic, socio-economic, attitudinal, dietary, health behavioural and anthropometric data were collected from 221 “disadvantaged” and 74 “advantaged” women aged 18-35 years across Dublin, according to the provisions of a novel socio-economic sampling frame. Internal and external validation techniques established the dietary assessment method of choice and identified “valid” dietary reporters (n=216, 153 disadvantaged, 63 advantaged) among this sample. Five qualitative focus groups (n=5-8 per group) were also conducted among disadvantaged women to examine their diet and health behaviour choices. Lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (172g/d vs. 405g/d, p

Glycaemic Index, Glycaemic Load And Risk Of Endometrial Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Thomas E. Rohan, Meera Jain, Paul D. Terry, Geoffrey R. Howe, Anthony B. Miller

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective

High-glycaemic-load diets may increase endometrial cancer risk by increasing circulating insulin levels and, as a consequence, circulating oestrogen levels. Given the paucity of epidemiological data regarding the relationship between the dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load and endometrial cancer risk, we sought to examine these associations using data from a prospective cohort study.

Design, setting, and subjects

We examined the association between dietary glycaemic load and endometrial cancer risk in a cohort of 49 613 Canadian women aged between 40 and 59 years at baseline who completed self-administered food-frequency questionnaires between 1982 and 1985. Linkages to national mortality and …

Need For Cognition And Message Complexity In Motivating Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among Callers To The Cancer Information Service, Pamela Williams-Piehota, Judith Pizarro, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Linda Mowad, Peter Salovey

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

This field experiment examined the impact of an individual's need for cognition (NFC; the tendency to enjoy thinking deeply about issues), complex versus simple messages, and the interaction of NFC and message type on encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption. Callers to the Cancer Information Service of the National Cancer Institute (N = 517) were asked to participate in the experiment at the end of their call. Individual NFC was assessed, and participants were assigned randomly to receive a telephone message promoting fruit and vegetable consumption that was either complex and multifaceted or simple and straightforward. Similarly constructed brochures were mailed …

The Perceptions Of Roles And Practices Of Preceptors And Their Expectations For Students In The Coordinated Program In Dietetics At Indiana State University, Carin R. Aloisio

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dietetics education requires a minimum of a baccalaureate degree and 900 hours of supervised practice for eligibility of candidates to sit for the Registration Exam. The primary goals of this study are to determine perceptions of preceptors of supervised practice about their roles and practices and their expectations for students, and to compare and/or contrast these between the three main areas of dietetics: clinical, community and food service management.

Attitudes Of Preventive Care Specialists And Registered Dietitians Toward Their Obese Patients, Maryanna Gabriel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare preventive care specialists and registered dietitians regarding attitudes toward obese patients, to compare both groups with Canadian and American nurses previously studied, and to determine whether relationships exist between personal characteristics and attitudes toward obese patients. Questionnaires were sent to members of the American Preventive Care Association and 1,000 randomly selected members of the California Dietetic Association. Sixty-seven preventive care specialists and 579 registered dietitians participated in the study. A modified version of the Attitudes Toward Obesity scale, developed by Bagley, et al. was used to measure attitudes. Preventive care specialists and …

Sensory Evaluation Of Gluten-Free Brownies Prepared Using Green Banana Flour, Banana-Potato Blend And Rice-Potato-Tapioca Blend, Sonia F. Murgueytio

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Increasing numbers of people worldwide are being diagnosed with Celiac Disease, an intestinal disorder caused by ingestion of foods containing gluten. Traditional baked goods are prepared using wheat flour that contains gluten. Literature suggests that the absorptive surface of the small intestine is damaged in people susceptible to gluten. Alternative gluten-free products are needed to improve the health of people with this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall acceptability and palatability of chocolate brownies made with 100% banana flour or a blend of banana flour and potato starch. Appearance, color, texture, flavor and overall acceptability …

Residency Program At Michael E Debakey Department Of Surgery, Baylor College Of Medicine, F Charles Brunicardi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of Demographic Characteristics To Consumer Knowledge Of Diet And Health Relationships To Intake Of Soy Foods And Soy Supplements, Ashlyn K. Hosokawa

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In 1999, the FDA approved a health claim for a relationship between intake of 25 grams of soy protein per day and reduced risk of heart disease. Literature suggests that consumers are increasingly krtowledgeable about diet and disease risk factors. While gender, age, race, and family history cannot be altered, diet may be changed to decrease risks. This study explored the relationship of demographic characteristics to consumer knowledge and use of some of the more popular soy products and supplements. Surveys were completed by a random sample of 100 attendees at area festivals and 100 nutrition professionals at a national …

Fear Of Fatness Among Young Irish Adolescents : Association With Obesity, Reported Iron And Folate Intake, And Dental Health, Anne C. Griffin

Doctoral

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of fear of fatness (the desire to be thinner) and associated factors, including obesity, reported energy, iron and folate intakes. The difficulties in defining overweight among Irish children and an assessment of dietary and socio-economic factors related to dental caries and also reported in the group. METHODS: A one-year follow up study of 251 healthy schoolchildren at baseline (119 boys and 132 girls; mean age 11 years) attending 7 fee-paying (6 single- and 1-mixed sex) and 8 non-fee-paying (4 single- and 4 mixed-sex) schools in Dublin city center. Assessment of body image perceptions and satisfaction …

Effects Of High Fruit Intake On Systematic Blood Pressure In African Americans, Leonard L. Gibbons

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This randomized dietary intervention trial examined the effects of a high fruit diet on systemic BP in African-Americans. Thirty-eight free-living subjects with systolic BPs between 130-159 mm Hg and diastolic BPs between 85-99 mm Hg, were enrolled for a six week period. The cases were given daily supplements of potassium rich foods: bananas, orange juice and raisins, while no dietary advice or food was given to the controls.

After six weeks, the means systolic BP was 5.79 mm Hg ( p=.009) lower in the cases than the controls. The mean diastolic BP at week six was 3.76 mm Hg (p=.047) …

Diet And Colon Cancer Risk In The Population Of Thailand, Nithat Sirichotiratana

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Epidemiological studies have emphasized environmental influences, especially a diet high in animal fat and low in fiber, as major risk factors for colon cancer. In order to examine the relationship between dietary fat and fiber and occurrence of colon cancer, patient medical records from the National Cancer Institute between 1981-1991 were used for the first hospital-based case-control study of diet and colon cancer in Thailand. These records included a total of 168 cases and 357 controls. Data on the frequency consumption of various food items were obtained by using an existing food frequency questionnaire, completed as part of patient’s history …

Effects Of Dietary Calcium Levels On Human Blood Pressures, Janice Mearkle

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The prevalence of hypertension in the U.S. and similar industrialized countries continues to rise. Millions of people are affected in America alone. Usual treatment includes a low sodium diet, weight loss if needed, and drug therapy. Some health providers also encourage stress management as an adjunct to therapy. These treatments have been shown to be effective but patient compliance continues to be poor. Past research has explored the relationships between dietary calcium and hypertension and has found that there is an interaction between blood calcium levels and high blood pressure. The research reported here was a test of the relationship …

Ua35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku Honors Program

WKU Administration Documents

The WKU Student Honors Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers are representative of work done by students from throughout the university.

• Albin, Bettye. Hawthorne's Narrator in the Blithedale Romance: A New Cover for an Old Friend
• Allen, Christopher. With Just Pride: The Naval History of the Warships USS Enterprise
• Barrett, Shelly. Structuralism
• Bolton, Joe. Wallace Stevens and Twentieth Century Aesthetics
• Bush, Paul. The Acceptance of Grace in Flannery O'Connor's Short Stories
• Gasparello-Moore, Nina. A Comparison of a Naïve and Simple Regression Forecasting Model for the Dow Jones Industrial Average
• Henry, Lynn. The Bureaucratic and …

The Effect Of Nutrition Education On The Diet Of Pregnant Teenagers, Dorothy Whiteside

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

For optimal growth and development during the teens, there needs to be sufficient intake of food to meet the nutritional requirements. Pregnancy during that time increases the nutritional needs. Studies have shown that teenage girls generally have poor eating habits, not meeting the nutritional requirements.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether special nutrition education classes would improve eating habits of a group of pregnant teenagers. Case studies were used as the method to report the findings. A health education class in a special day program for pregnant girls was used as the setting for this study. The …

The Nutritive Value And Supplementation Of Ogi (Pap), The Major Nigerian Weaning Food, Elizabeth E. Gyaami

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of ogi, which is the national weaning food in Nigeria, and to supplement it with indigenous foods that are easily produced in Nigeria, available in the local market, locally used, and within the economic capacity of the people. The protein content of corn and ogi was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the amino acid content was determined by ionexchange chromatography. The quality of the foods was evaluated by the rat growth method and the protein efficiency ratio (PER).

Ogi and com, from which ogi is made, contained essentially …

Proteolytic Enzymes Of Lactic Streptococci And Their Use In Improving Body And Texture Of Direct Acid Cottage Cheese, Gulamnabi Y. Vahora

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Proteolytic activity of Streptococcus cremoris HP, P₂ and AM₂; Streptococcus lactis-C₂, ML₈ and a commercial mixed culture was determined in skimmilk and whey by measuring the increase in Absorbency at 274.5 nm of a pH 4.6 soluble filtrate, following incubation in a 2.5% casein solution. Proteolytic activity, rate of acid production and growth rate decreased in order of C₂, HP, mixed culture, AM₂, ML₈ and P₂ at a regulated pH (6.1 - 6.2) and 32 C. Maximum proteolytic activity for all cultures was found during the stationary …

The Chemistry Of Pesticides, Walter R. Benson

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction

This review is limited to the structures and a few reactions of the pesticides mainly insecticides-that affect mammalian systems and that are the subject of papers by other authors in this monograph. There is no attempt to give a complete review of the chemistry of pesticides. It is intended only to show the breadth and depth of pesticide chemistry through the use of examples. With proper use of the references, and of the papers by Crosby, Freed and Montgomery, and Owens in this monograph, the reader will be able to find information for other chemicals.

Nomenclature

Pesticides or economic …

The Development And Evaluation Of A Manual For Use In Community Nutrition Education Classes, Helen H. Register

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A manual was prepared and evaluated for use by non-professional personnel in community nutrition education. Instruction and suggestions were given for organizing these classes and techniques outlined for food demonstrations. Material was written for lectures and tests on eight nutrition topics, with visual aid suggestions, recipes and "chatter" to accompany the recipes.

The material was tested by presenting three of the eight topics before audiences. Volunteer non-professional teacher-demonstrators gave the presentations which were evaluated by test scores from the audiences, by score forms from each teacher-demonstrator, and by evaluation sheets from the advisory committee.

On the basis of the evaluation, …

Quantitative Calculation Of Gas Chromatographic Peaks In Pesticide Residue Analyses, Jean A. Gaul

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Comparison of five methods for calculating gas chromatographic peaks (disc integration, triangulation, peak height X width at half height, R_t X peak height, and peak height) shows no significant difference in the calculated results when aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin are injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector.

Problems are associated with the calculation of toxaphene, chlordane, DDT, and BHC. The author makes suggestions for calculating these four residues when present individually and in combinations with other pesticides. Use of the last four toxaphene peaks compares favorably with results obtained by using the entire toxaphene curve. …