Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Twin Scholarships Of Glycomedicine And Precision Medicine In Times Of Single-Cell Multiomics, Seungyoul Oh, Weijie Cao, Manshu Song

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Systems biology and multiomics research expand the prospects of planetary health innovations. In this context, this mini-review unpacks the twin scholarships of glycomedicine and precision medicine in the current era of single-cell multiomics. A significant growth in glycan research has been observed over the past decade, unveiling and establishing co- and post-translational modifications as dynamic indicators of both pathological and physiological conditions. Systems biology technologies have enabled large-scale and high-throughput glycoprofiling and access to data-intensive biological repositories for global research. These advancements have established glycans as a pivotal third code of life, alongside nucleic acids and amino acids. However, challenges …

Classification Of Vaginal Cleanliness Grades Through Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectral Analysis Via The Deep-Learning Variational Autoencoder: Long Short-Term Memory Model, Jia Wei Tang, Xin Ru Wen, Hui Min Chen, Jie Chen, Kun Hui Hong, Quan Yuan, Muhammad Usman, Liang Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In this study, it is aimed to establish a novel method based on a deep-learning-guided surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique to achieve rapid and accurate classification of vaginal cleanliness levels. We proposed a variational autoencoder (VAE) approach to enhance spectral quality, coupled with a deep learning algorithm long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to analyze SERS spectra produced by vaginal secretions. The performance of various machine learning (ML) algorithms is assessed using multiple evaluation metrics. Finally, the reliability of the optimal model is tested using blind test data (N = 10/group for each cleanliness level). The data quality of the …

Rapid Analysis Of N-Nitrosamines In Urine Using Ultra High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, S. Shinde, K. D. Croft, J. M. Hodgson, C. P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

N-Nitrosamines, carcinogenic compounds present in dietary and environmental sources and formed endogenously, are believed to be linked with the presence of nitrate and nitrite, both within dietary sources and after intake. To fully evaluate this potential threat to human health, an accurate analytical method to measure N-nitrosamines in biological matrices is necessary. We report a simple, fast, selective mass spectrometry method to detect N-nitrosamines in human urine. Analysis of seven N-nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopiperdine (NPIP), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodi-N-propylamine (NDPA) and N-nitrosodi-N-butylamine (NDBA) in urine was quantitated using Ultra High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A Sorbent …

Near-Infrared Paired-Agent Imaging For In Vivo Quantification Of Receptor Occupancy In Tumor, Yichen Feng

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Accurate assessment of drug receptor occupancy (RO) holds significant importance in both drug development and personalized medicine, as it facilitates quantitative characterization of dose-response relationship for a given drug. This information not only aids appropriate dose selection for clinical trials but also guides personalized dose optimization in precision medicine.

Molecular imaging, utilizing receptor-specific imaging agents for tissue visualization, has emerged as the major option for in vivo measurement of tissue RO. Nonetheless, the abnormal yet complex structure and hemodynamics of tumors often lead to substantial non-specific uptake and retention of imaging agents, thus introducing significant bias to RO measurements. To …

Utilizing Ai Integrated Neuroimaging Technology To Expand Upon Machine Learning In Positron Emission Tomography Technology With The Aim Of Detecting Amyloid Beta Biomarkers Early In The Onset Of Alzheimer's., Ethan S. Terman

Undergraduate Research Posters

Early intervention in Alzheimer's is vital for treatment. The earlier a professional can detect symptoms and make a diagnosis the earlier a prognosis can be implemented. With the prevalence of data in our day-to-day world combined with Artificial intelligence (AI), utilizing both for machine learning can pave the way for more accurate and efficient detection of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. AI combined with Machine learning (ML) increases diagnostic efficiency and reduces human errors, making it a valuable resource for physicians and clinicians alike. With the increasing amount of data processing and image interpretation required, the ability to use AI …

Efektivitas Sacubitril/Valsartan Dalam Mencegah Gagal Jantung Pada Stemi Pasca Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Nobian Andre, Lana Adila, Aulia Rizka, Lusiani Rusdi

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Heart failure is a possible complication following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) even after revascularization. Neuroendocrine activation in the process of ventricular remodeling can be regulated by angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The use of ARNI in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction has been found to be superior to ACE inhibitor. The role of ARNI on cardiac function in STEMI has not been established. A clinician treating a patient with STEMI considered giving sacubitril/valsartan to reduce the risk of developing heart failure. Literature search was performed in three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Amondys 45 (Casimersen), A Novel Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer: Clinical Considerations For Treatment In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Megan E. Vasterling, Rebecca J. Maitski, Brice A. Davis, Julie E. Barnes, Rucha A. Kelkar, Rachel J. Klapper, Hirni Patel, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye, Giustino Varrassi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

AMONDYS 45 (casimersen) is an antisense oligonucleotide therapy used to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the DMD gene. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness, respiratory and cardiac complications, and premature death. Casimersen targets a specific mutation in the DMD gene that results in the absence of dystrophin protein, a key structural component of muscle fibers. While there is currently no cure for DMD, exon-skipping therapy works by restoring the reading frame of the mutated gene, allowing the production of a partially functional dystrophin protein. Clinical trials of casimersen have shown promising results …

Getting Off On The Right Foot: Addressing Severe Lymphedema Through A Novel Shoe Design, Carl R. Russell Iii, Anjollie M. Ramakrishna, Christopher H. Johns Iii, Alana V. Van Wijnen

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) is a service-learning design program run by the College of Engineering at Purdue University. EPICS teaches students design skills by providing solutions for individuals, communities, and organizations in the surrounding area while mirroring engineering industry standards. Biomedical Engineering is a team within EPICS that strives to serve community partners through biomedical applications. HR is a patient who suffers from severe lymphedema. This condition results in her foot swelling three times its original size and requires her to utilize weekly leg compression therapy. Prescription shoes are slightly adequate. However, they lead to sores and pain …

Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of Intraoperative Radiotherapy In Treatment Of Unifocal Invasive Breast Cancer, Julie Schultz, Annie M. Oslund

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: Assess the 5 year local recurrence rate of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in relation to the conventional treatment of external breast radiotherapy (EBRT) in eligible females diagnosed with breast cancer over age 40.

Design: Systematic literature review.

Methods: PubMed was searched using the following limits and terms: breast neoplasms, intraoperative radiotherapy, randomized control trial, clinical trial, females, English, and published in the last 10 years.

Results: Three studies were found to directly compare IORT and EBRT regarding 5 year local recurrence rates.

Conclusion: IORT was shown to be non-inferior to EBRT in two of the three studies that were examined; …

Air-Jet Bioprinting Of Stem Cell-Encapsulated Alginate Micro-Droplets For Organoid Biomanufacturing, Mirabella B. Stump

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biomanufactured 3D-organoids show promise for modeling and treating various conditions, particularly insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type-1 diabetes). Pancreatic islet organoids serve as sustainable sources of insulin-producing β-cells, potentially restoring insulin regulation in patients and providing a long-term solution for diabetes. Hydrogel droplet printing is an emerging technique in regenerative medicine due to its advantageous tunability and biocompatibility; however, challenges of consistency, quality control, and scalability persist. To address these issues, we developed a novel air-jetting based droplet bioprinting system for the generation of monodispersed alginate micro-droplets. The objective of this project was to incorporate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into …

Focused Assessment With Sonography Exams Vs Ct Scan, Anne Kresge, Charlotte Mueller, Briar Tures

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Blunt trauma is a common reason patients present to the emergency department. Providers must evaluate these patients quickly to get them the correct treatment, especially for intra-abdominal bleeding. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exams are growing in use to evaluate trauma patients for free fluid in the abdomen. To be valuable to emergency providers, it must be known how FAST exams compare to the gold standard evaluation, computed tomography (CT) scans. Searches were done on Pubmed and Scopus databases using terms “focused assessment with sonography for trauma” and “FAST exam CT blunt abdominal trauma.” Limits were added to …

Paper-Based Ratiometric Sensor Array For Pathogenic Bacterial Species Identification, Aayushi Laliwala

Theses & Dissertations

Bacterial infections are the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to the lack of accurate diagnosis of the pathogens causing infections. Currently, microbiological and molecular techniques are used to identify pathogenic bacteria. However, these techniques have limitations as they are time-consuming, cost-inefficient, and require trained personnel. Therefore, timely and precise identification of pathogenic bacteria is crucial for public safety. Our lab previously synthesized a fluorescent sensor array (3-hydroxyflavone derivatives) encapsulated in hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles to identify bacterial species and recognize their Gram status. Though promising, this technique was relatively time-consuming and required high sample and volumes.

To overcome these limitations, …

Développement De Méthodes Analytiques Pour Les Composés Organiques Volatils Microbiens (Covm) Dans Les Matrices Biologiques : Vers L’Évaluation Des Covm Comme Biomarqueurs D’Exposition Aux Moisissures, Badr El Aroussi, Sarah Tabbal, Wissam Berkane, Michèle Bouchard, Geneviève Marchand, Sami Haddad

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Préalablement, vingt composés organiques volatils microbiens (COVM), avec un potentiel d’être utilisés comme biomarqueurs de contamination et d’exposition aux moisissures en milieu de travail, avaient été identifiés, en considérant plusieurs paramètres, comprenant l’intérêt pour la santé des espèces de moisissures, l’occurrence d’émission ainsi que les paramètres physicochimiques et pharmacocinétiques.

Dans la présente étude, de nouvelles méthodes analytiques, pour mesurer simultanément 21 COVM incluant ceux identifiés préalablement dans les matrices biologiques et l’air ambiant, en se basant sur les techniques H-SPME-GC-MS/MS (sang et urine) et TD-GCMS/MS (exhalât et air ambiant), ont été développées et validés. Celles-ci ont exhibé des performances analytiques …

Revolutionizing Attention Training In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pioneering Virtual Reality And Artificial Intelligence, Bhavya Sri Sanku, Selena He, Joy Li

Master of Science in Computer Science Theses

In the realm of educational technology, attention training plays a critical role in tailoring learning experiences to individual needs, especially for learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study presents an advanced framework that provides insights into the efficacy of reinforcement strategies by predicting their impact on attention enhancement in educational virtual reality (VR) settings, utilizing physiological biomarkers such as eye-tracking (ET), heart rate (HR), and electrodermal activity (EDA). A comprehensive comparative analysis was undertaken to evaluate the performance metrics of various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. The results showcased the robustness of gradient boosting (GB) and …

Preoperative Computed Tomography Scan In Distal Radius Fractures And The Effect On Preoperative Planning, Adam L. Haydel, Ryan C. Roubion, Cristina T. Graphia, Corinne E. Cloud, Claudia Leonardi, Christopher E. Marrero

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: It is unclear whether computed tomography (CT) scans alter the surgical plan when ordered before surgery for fixation of intra-articular distal radius fractures (DRFs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether a preoperative CT scan alters the planned approach (PA) or planned fixation strategy (PFS) for open reduction internal fixation of intra-articular DRFs. Methods: Radiology records were retrospectively reviewed by one trauma surgeon and two hand surgeons for 33 intra-articular DRFs that met the inclusion criteria and previously underwent open reduction internal fixation. Surgeons were initially provided only preoperative radiographs; they were asked for their PA and …

Secondary Electrons And Compton X-Ray Generation In Solid And Heated Biological Sample In The Presence Of Radiologic Contrast Media, Vanessa Robinson, Daler Djuraev, Fatima Ahmed

Publications and Research

Our goal is identification of secondary electrons and Compton photons when externally infused radiological contrast from iodine and gadolinium interferes with calcium and iron in tissues. This could help develop next generation of x-ray methods as well as mechanistic understanding of toxic effects of radiology contrast materials on living tissue and agriculture. Changes in tissue minerals over time, aging and heat stress are manipulated in our experiments by infusing imaging contrast agents that consist of large atoms like Gadolinium and Iodine. These have chelation properties to alter electron distribution of proteins and carbohydrates of biological matrix. Our experiments try to …

Alt Free Flap Coverage After Carotid Endarterectomy In The Setting Of Severe Radiation Changes, Richard F. Guidry, Hannah E. Doran, Mark W. Stalder

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty is commonly performed for severe atherosclerotic disease to reduce stroke risk. After neck radiation, loss of tissue planes; reactive fibrosis of skin; contraction; and rarely, necrosis of skin may occur, leading to severe wound complications and possible exposure of carotid artery reconstruction. Historically, local myocutaneous flaps have been performed to provide soft tissue coverage; however, these procedures may be associated with increased donor site morbidity and can be affected by radiation changes. This report describes the novel use of a fasciocutaneous free flap for durable vascularized soft tissue, and the associated secondary benefit of improved …

Variability In Provider Assessment Of Sepsis And Potential Of Host Response Technology To Address This Dilemma—Results Of An Online Delphi Study, Chadd K. Kraus, Hollis R. O’Neal, Nathan A. Ledeboer, Todd W. Rice, Wesley H. Self, Richard E. Rothman

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Potentially septic patients have a huge clinical and economic impact on hospitals and often present to the emergency department (ED) with undifferentiated symptoms. The triage of these patients is complex and has historically relied heavily upon provider judgment. This study aims to evaluate the consistency of provider judgment and the potential of a new host response sepsis test to aid in the triage process. A modified Delphi study involving 26 participants from multiple specialties was conducted to evaluate provider agreement about sepsis risk and to test proposed actions based on the results of a sepsis test. The participants considered case …

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Human Serum Samples Of Convalescing Covid-19 Positive Patients, Hugh Byrne, Naomi Jackson, Jaythoon Hassan

Articles

Rapid screening, detection and monitoring of viral infection is of critical importance, as exemplified by the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. This is equally the case for the stages of patient convalescence as for the initial stages of infection, to understand the medium and long terms effects, as well as the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Optical spectroscopic techniques potentially offer an alternative to currently employed techniques of screening for the presence, or the response to infection. In this study, the ability of Raman spectroscopy to distinguish between samples of the serum of convalescent COVID-19 …

Development, Validation, And Testing Of A Novel Ergonomic Backpack, Lyndsey Kate Bouve

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Backpacks (BP) are one of the most common means for carrying loads but the loading mechanics that result from carrying heavy loads can have implications across the body. It has been suggested that loads in a BP should not excess 10-15% of the user’s body weight (BW) but that is not always feasible. The loads in a BP are transferred to the body via the shoulder strap which induce a shear and compressive force which act externally on the spine and transfer loads through it to the lumbar. Additionally, the weight of the bag induces an external moment that further …

Validity And Test-Retest Reliability Of A Digital Dynamic Visual Acuity Test Of Vestibular Function, Lydia F. Grunstra, Courtney D. Hall, Kara D. Stressman

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The vestibular system senses head motion and facilitates gaze stabilization, allowing for clear vision during movement. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) causes the eyes to move opposite head motion, thus maintaining focus on a target. Consequently, uncompensated loss of vestibular function leads to reduced VOR function resulting in dizziness, nausea, and visual disturbance. Different testing methods have been developed to measure VOR loss. These tests generally require bulky, expensive equipment, and must be performed by a trained examiner. A newly developed digital form of the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) test requires less equipment, is cost-effective, and may be performed at home …

Art Of Aging – A Portraiture Study, Alaina Mann

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The process of aging can be viewed through different lenses within our society. In the past, scientists and medical professionals performed various studies to better understand and analyze different facets of aging, medicine, and health in general. Historically the arts have reflected multiple aspects of medicine and treatments while more recently, the arts have been used in a research capacity to provide different ways to represent illness, suffering, and care. This study used art-based research methods and portraiture to gather qualitative observations on the older populations within our community. Data collected included drawings, a field journal, and interviews. This study …

Applications Of Causal Inference Methods For The Estimation Of Effects Of Bone Marrow Transplant And Prescription Drugs On Survival Of Aplastic Anemia Patients, Yesha M. Patel

Computational and Data Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

This dissertation provides an in-depth exploration into the treatment effectiveness for aplastic anemia using causal inference methods, structured around three pivotal research papers. Each paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of treatment impacts, specifically focusing on bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and prescription drugs, and the identification of optimal treatment strategies.

The first paper, "Causal Inference Analysis for Assessing the Effect of Bone Marrow Transplantation on the One-Year Survival of Adult and Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Patients," sets the foundation. It examines the short-term effectiveness of BMT in both adult and pediatric patients, providing crucial insights into how this treatment affects survival …

Abcb5+ Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy Protects From Hypoxia By Restoring Ca2+ Homeostasis In Vitro And In Vivo, Kaixuan Yan, Jiaxing Zheng, Mark Andreas Kluth, Lin Li, Christoph Ganss, Benito Yard, Richard Magdeburg, Markus H. Frank, Prama Pallavi, Michael Keese

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Hypoxia in ischemic disease impairs Ca²⁺ homeostasis and may promote angiogenesis. The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in peripheral arterial occlusive disease is well established, yet its influence on cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis remains to be elucidated. We addressed the influence of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 positive mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5⁺ MSCs) on Ca²⁺ homeostasis in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:

Hypoxia was induced in HUVECs by Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl₂) or Deferoxamine (DFO). Dynamic changes in the cytosolic- and endoplasmic reticulum …

Dentistry And The Law: Requiring Proof Of Adoption/Retaining Orthodontic Models, Dan Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In this Dentistry and the Law column, a dentist seeks guidance on handling a situation where racial differences between a child and an accompanying adult raised concerns during an examination, leading the dentist to request proof of adoption. The response clarifies that asking for proof of adoption is not illegal, citing relevant Michigan adoption statutes. The column advises adopting an office policy, emphasizing human trafficking training. Additionally, a dentist inquires about retaining orthodontic models and X-ray films. The answer recommends assuming orthodontic models are part of dental records, subject to a 10-year retention period. Patients can be given their models, …

An Investigation Of Match For Lossless Video Compression, Brittany Sullivan-Reicks

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A new lossless video compression technique, Match, is investigated. Match uses the similarity between the frames of a video or the slices of medical images to find a prediction for the current pixel. A portion of the previous frame is searched to find a matching context, which is the pixels surrounding the current pixel, within some distance centered on the current location. The best distance to use for each dataset is found experimentally. The matching context refers to the neighborhood of w, nw, n, and ne, where the pixel in the previous frame with the closest matching context becomes the …

Using Noninvasive Calibrated Cuff Plethysmography To Observe The Effects Of Cold-Water Immersion On Arterial Compliance, Rita M. Grigorian

Biomedical Engineering: Graduate Reports and Projects

As the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to exponentially grow in populations across the globe, the necessity of determining underlying factors, effective methods of diagnoses, and universally available preventive measures also grows. Early detection of endothelial dysfunction, a proven precursor of cardiovascular diseases, can be extremely impactful in encouraging preventative measures and early intervention before medical conditions become chronic. In recent years, ice plunging, a form of cryotherapy involving full body immersion in cold water, has gained popularity within circles of fitness and health practitioners, gaining the interest of people of all backgrounds. Certain parallels observed between the human physiological …

Temporal Artery Pseudoaneurysm In A Pediatric Patient, Gowri Gowda, Donald Mendoza, Amanda Tullos, Jessica Zagory, Malachi Sheahan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysms are an uncommon vascular pathology that can present after head or facial trauma. Furthermore, they are rarely reported in the pediatric population. Ultrasound can be a useful tool in the diagnosis because it is easily accessible and can be rapidly acquired. We report a case that demonstrates the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm.

Incidence Of Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis Following Intra-Articular Hip Corticosteroid Injection: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Franco M. Sabatini, Anna Cohen-Rosenblum, Travis B. Eason, Charles P. Hannon, Samuel D. Mounce, Chad A. Krueger, F Winston Gwathmey, Stephen T. Duncan, David C. Landy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery recommends intra-articular corticosteroid injections (CSIs) for managing hip osteoarthritis (OA) based on short-term, prospective studies. Recent retrospective studies have raised concerns that CSIs may lead to rapidly progressive OA (RPOA). We sought to systematically review the literature of CSIs for hip OA to estimate the incidence of RPOA. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify original research of hip OA patients receiving CSIs. Overall, 27 articles involving 5831 patients published from 1988 to 2022 were included. Study design, patient characteristics, CSI details, follow-up, and cases of RPOA were recorded. Studies …