Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Mental Health And Financial Status Of Essential And Non-Essential Workers That Continued Working Outside The Home During The Spring 2020 Covid-19 Shutdown, Adrianne Deveira

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: A global pandemic caused businesses in the United States to shutdown based on essential vs. non-essential criteria. There has been a lot of research discussing the impact of the shutdown on healthcare frontline workers. Little is known about other essential and non-essential workers, that continued working outside the home during the shutdown. The purpose of this paper is to examine the financial and mental health issues encountered by essential and non-essential workers that continued working outside the home during the Spring 2020 shutdown.

Methods: Snowball sampling of an online survey that was available from May 8 – June 6, …

Methenamine Prophylaxis For Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections In A Tertiary Referral Center, Cameron A. Wade

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Purpose: Methenamine hippurate (MH) is a urinary antiseptic, indicated for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) but with only few and limited studies regarding its efficacy. To help address this knowledge gap we reviewed our experience with MH for UTI prophylaxis, focusing on women with recurrent uncomplicated UTIs.

Materials and Methods: The University of Kentucky electronic health record was queried to identify adults who were prescribed MH from the Urology clinic between January 2013 and January 2019. Charts were reviewed to assess patient-reported UTI frequency, demographics and relevant health factors. Treatment success was defined as 0-1 UTI in 6 …

Injuries Among Distillery Workers: Workers' Compensation First Reports Of Injury, 2010-2019, Mira Hali Mirzaian

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

AIMS: To identify the most frequent type, nature, and cause of work-related injury amongst distillery workers as well as contributing factors to the injurious event in an effort to inform potential intervention.

METHODS: Workers’ Compensation First Reports of Injury (FROI) from the years 2010-2019 (N=974) were obtained. Variables were created for ‘occupational category’ and ‘accident description’ to assist in the elucidation of the injurious event. The Ratchet Circular Scan Test was used to assess seasonal variation in injury. Kernal Density Analysis was conducted to assess rates of injury by calendar year.

RESULTS: Amongst injured distillery workers, 908 of the injuries …

Healthy Living People: A Hiv Transmission Intervention In Four Chicago Communities, Angela Wuerger

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The transmission of HIV within the city of Chicago has been established as a major health concern: however, the lack of adequate resources has created gaps within current programming available for people living with HIV. Healthy Living People (HLP) is an evidence-based program focused on reducing the transmission of HIV through strengthening adherence to antiretroviral therapy and decreasing number of higher risk sexual encounters. The Chicago Department of Public Health will provide the HLP program, which includes fifteen 90-minute sessions over the course of one year. The HLP program will be offered for people living with

HIV in four Chicago …

Can Treatment Of Social Isolation And Loneliness Reduce Healthcare Utility? An Analysis Of Social Prescribing, Matthew Mattingly

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The paper focuses on the practice of social prescribing as it is currently implemented through the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom. Social Prescribing is an emerging healthcare intervention aimed at referring patients to community-based activities. NHS promotes social prescribing as a method of reducing healthcare utilization in chronically ill patients. Current evidence on social prescribing is subject to significant variation and has not supported NHS’s claims. The potential link between feeling of social isolation, loneliness and chronic illness was further investigated through data from the National Social Life, Health & Aging Project (NSHAP). Data was tested for …

Rabies In Kentucky From 1989-2020: A Case For Surveillance, Sarah Jane Robbins

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The Kentucky rabies reporting system includes data from five laboratories and provides an account of suspected rabies reports since 1989. Over 35,000 suspected cases are used to estimate rabies incidence temporally and spatially. Recommendations to the current rabies reporting methodologies are presented through proposed innovations of a standard, electronic reporting form. Given the multiple sources of data, the reporting system lacks standardization and comprehensive information about suspected rabies events, resulting in limited epidemiological capabilities; and data issues that prevent its use as a surveillance system. These issues are a limiting factor in rabies elimination; but a driving factor in over-testing, …

Implementation Of A School-Based Sexual Health Curriculum For Fayette County, Kentucky Public Schools, Laura P.H. Bellnier

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Adolescents in the United States are vulnerable to negative sexual health outcomes such as unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to a high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors in this population. Research demonstrates that providing adolescents with comprehensive sexuality education that addresses sexual health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors can increase protective behaviors, such as condom use and decrease negative health outcomes over the long term. Implementing a comprehensive sexuality education program in a public school setting is an effective strategy to reach a large number of adolescents and targeting early adolescents can influence student sexual health knowledge, attitudes, …

Volatile Organic Compound Exposure And Hearing Loss In Children, Brooke Spillman

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Hearing loss is often associated with repeated exposure to noise levels above 85 decibels. While noise is noted as the largest contributor to hearing loss, some fail to consider the impacts of chemical exposure on the hearing health of children, specifically VOCs. Early detection and prevention of hearing loss in children is important due to the impacts that hearing has on the learning, behavior, speech, and language development of children. This study examined the relationship between VOC exposure and hearing loss in children using NHANES data collected from 2005-2006. This was analyzed with Chi-square analyses and a logistic regression taking …

Maternal Residential Proximity To Surface Mining Associated With Preterm Birth And Low Birth Weight In Appalachian Kentucky, Whitney Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between maternal residency in a county with surface coal production and preterm birth or low birth weight.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using birth records (n=62,766) for 54 Appalachian counties and coal production in tons. Logistic regression and chi-squared analysis was done to analyze the relationship between surface coal mining and preterm birth and low birth weight in two different birth groups.

Results: After controlling for covariates, statistically significant increases were seen in Birth Group 1 and Birth group 2. Birth Group 1 had statistically significant results for preterm birth ((1.19 …

The Effect Of The Affordable Care Act On The Ability Of Health Departments In The Appalachian Regions To Offer Primary Care Services, Ogechi Anyagaligbo

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

In the Appalachian region, the need for primary care services has increased due to an increase in morbidity rates from coal mining, obesity, drugs, and poor health care. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted in part to expand access to patient care. The ACA aimed to help solve these problems and help underdeveloped communities such as the ones in the Appalachian region that do not have access to affordable and quality health care. This project examines differences before and after the ACA was passed on the delivery of primary care services by local health departments within the Appalachian region. …

The Impact Of Kentucky's Medicaid Expansion Under The Affordable Care Act On Dental Care Visits, Mutlaq Alotaibi

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background. Lack of health insurance, cost of dental care services, and shortage of dental workforce are leading barriers to dental care access. Low-income adults and those who reside in areas with low dentist supply are less likely to visits a dental office than their counterparts. Studies have reported that dental visits increased among low-income adults in states that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and have an adequate number of dentists. However, the impact of Medicaid expansion on income-based disparities and urban-rural disparities in dental care visits is unclear.

Objectives. The aim of this study is to examine …

Healthy, Fit, & Strong: A Parent-Child Physical Activity Program For Families With Obese And Overweight Adolescents, Patrick Maloney

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Over 20% of Kentucky children between the ages of 10-17 are obese, the third highest prevalence in the nation. The Healthy, Fit, & Strong Program works with children with a BMI above the 85th percentile and their parents to improve behaviors related to physical activity (PA) and nutrition. The intervention is a 12-week program which features tri-weekly physical activity sessions and nutrition classes. Both children and parents participate in activities in order to build knowledge and confidence related to healthy behaviors. The goal of this intervention is to improve upon baseline physical activity levels and diet as well as to …

Alcohol Excise Taxes And Their Effects On The Community, Christopher R. Watts

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objectives: This study examines the association of an additional excise tax on alcoholic beverages in Georgetown, Kentucky with alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents. Evaluate the additional benefits of the excise tax on the community of Georgetown, Kentucky.

Methods: Using an interrupted time series design, this study compares alcohol-related crash statistics from two similar cities based on 126 months of data from the Kentucky State Police. Analyses included linear regression and Poisson models to evaluate the data in each city to determine population-wide results.

Results: Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes immediately declined (-12.5%) in Georgetown following the implementation of the excise tax and …

Mitigating Opioid Related Healthcare Use In Kentucky: An Assessment Of The Impact Of Kentucky Revised Statute (Krs) Changes To Opioid Prescribing On Opioid Related Prescribing And Healthcare Utilization, Drew Speer

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The opioid epidemic has impacted few other places more than the state of Kentucky. In 2018, data from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) ranked Kentucky as being in the top ten for rate of drug overdose deaths and opioid-involved overdose deaths per 100,000 persons.^1,2 These rankings exist even though prescription opioid dispensing rates have fallen from 102.6 per 100 persons in 2015 to 72.3 per 100 persons in 2019.³ Aligning with this trend, while research shows this problem began with prescription opioids in the late 1990’s, it …

Risk Factors Of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition Among Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients At A Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Jason Eric Wilson, Jason Wilson

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background: This study aimed to identify risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) acquisition among adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients at a Kentucky academic medical center and to evaluate sink drains as a possible environmental reservoir of carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) transmission.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 1, 2013 through October 31, 2016. Intensive care unit patients were screened for CRE at admission and weekly until discharge. Cases were defined as patients who tested positive for CRE on ICU admission day 3 or greater. Sink drains were sampled for CROs in selected units from January 2018 through …

Assessment Of The University Of Kentucky's Nutrition Education Program's Smarter Lunchrooms Pilot Plate Waste Project In Three Kentucky Schools, Natalie Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

School-based approaches utilizing policy, systems, and environmental strategies are needed to address the complex factors driving childhood obesity. The purpose of this pilot study is to implement Smarter Lunchroom strategies in three participating Kentucky middle schools in 2019 and then assess two outcomes: (1) determine the impact of the intervention on fruit and vegetable purchases and waste, and (2) determine how purchases or waste varied by interventions selected for each setting. After the 6-week intervention, combined we found no statistical significant increases in fruit and vegetable purchasing from pre to post-intervention. No statistical significant decreases in fruit and vegetable plate …

An Evaluation Of Injurious Falls And Fall-Risk-Increasing-Drug (Frid) Prescribing Behaviors In A Nationally Representative Sample & The Pharmacist’S Role In Fall Prevention, Taylor Elliott, Susan Westneat, Shama Karanth, Erin Abner, Anna Kucharska-Newton, Daniela C. Moga

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background: Falls are a major public health problem affecting millions of older adults each year. Little is known about FRID prescribing behaviors after injurious falls occur.

Objective(s): The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether an injurious fall impacts the odds of being prescribed a new FRID.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to investigate whether an injurious fall impacts the odds of being prescribed a new FRID. We included patients age >/= 65 years and classified visits based on presence of an injurious fall. The outcome of …

An In Vitro Evaluation Of Surface Roughness, Color Stability And Bacterial Accumulation Of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic After Prophylactic Periodontal Treatment, Fatma Makkeyah, Tarek Salah Morsi, Marwa Mohamed Wahsh, Amr Saleh El-Etreby

Dentistry

Objective: To evaluate the effect of scaling procedures using different ultrasonic tips on the surface roughness, color stability and bacterial accumulation of lithium disilicate ceramic. Material and Methods: Scaling procedure was carried out using ultrasonic scaler (Satalec, Acteon, North America) with stainless-steel tip (US), titanium tip (UT) and plastic tip (UP), on disc shaped lithium disilicate samples cemented into a cavity prepared onto the labial surface of freshly extracted bovine teeth (10 samples per group). The samples were stored in coffee solution in an incubator at 37°C for 12 days, which is equivalent to 1 year of coffee consumption. The …

The Effect Of Different Drilling Protocols On Bone Healing Around Dental Implants., Sara Fikry, Amr Amin Ghanim, Hisham El Sheikh, Omar El Sergany

Dentistry

Materials and Methods: 20 patients with kennedy class III modification 1 edentulous areas were recruited for this study and divided into two groups; Control group received implants with conventional osteotomy preparation following standard drilling protocol (speed= 1200 rpm) with torque of 30N and sufficient saline irrigation, while Study group received implants with osteotomy preparation following a low speed drilling protocol (speed < 200 rpm) without irrigation and a torque of 50 N. Cone Beam CT was used to evaluate bone height and density around the implants at 3, 6 and 12 months after insertion. Implant primary stability was evaluated using Ostell by Resonance Frequency Analysis. Results The results showed no significant difference between bone height changes and densities in the control and study groups. Implants primary stability also showed no significant difference in ISQ values between both groups. Conclusion Biologic drilling is a promising implant drilling protocol with a potential to insert implants showing successful osseointegration and acceptable bone changes.

Evaluation Of Anti-Cancer Effect Of Different Concentrations Of Black Raspberries Extract On Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (In Vitro Study), Sara Abdelwahed

Dentistry

Background: Black Raspberry has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic aspects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the effect of Black Raspberry has been studied in many cancers such as human cervical, esophageal and colorectal cancer and showed cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against these types of cancer. Aim: To identify the possible anti-cancer effect of Black Raspberry on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma cell line. Material and methods: Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line was divided into 3 groups: one control group, second group treated with Black Raspberry, and the third group treated with Doxorubicin, each of the two …

Pre-Heating Of Dual-Polymerized Resin Core Foundation System: Effect On Micro-Shear Bond Strength, Degree Of Conversion And Ultimate Tensile Strength, Sara Adel Botros

Dentistry

This study evaluated the effect of pre-heating a dual-polymerized adhesive and a dual-polymerized core build-up resin composite on their dentin micro-shear bond strength (mSBS), degree of conversion (DC%) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For mSBS, 45 human molars were divided into 9 groups (n ¼ 5) according to two factors: (1) Adhesive temperature (25 C/32 C/40 C) and 2- Resin composite temperature (25 C/32 C/40 C). Dual-polymerized adhesive (Futurabond U/FBU) was applied over occlusal dentin at each temperature following the manufacturer’s instructions. Four dual-polymerized composites (Rebilda DC/RDC, VOCO) micro-cylinders (1.2 mm diameter 1 mm height) were built-up over each dentin …

Flexure Strength Of Methacrylate- And Ormocer-Based Bulk Fill Resin Composites: Effect Of Material Thickness And Distance To Photo-Polymerization Device., Sara Adel Botros

Dentistry

This study evaluated the effect of thickness and photo-polymer- ization distance on flexure strength of two bulk fill resin compo- sites. In total, 96 rectangular-shaped resin composite bars were divided into eight experimental groups (n ¼ 12/group) according to the three experimental factors; Factor 1: Material (X-tra fil and Admira Fusion X-tra), Factor 2: Thickness (2 mm and 4 mm) and Factor 3: photo-polymerization distance (2 mm and 8 mm). The bars were prepared with fixed 2 mm width and 2 mm length but differed in thickness (2 mm or 4 mm). The bars were light cured either at 2 …

Systemic Versus Local Injection Of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells On 5-Fluorouracil Treated Parotid Glands Of Albino Rats, Caroline Maged Massieh, Medhat El Zainy, Reham Magdy Amin, Iman Fathy

Dentistry

ABSTRACT Objective: Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide and eighth by death. Recent reports revealed that, not only radiotherapy but also chemotherapy may induce xerostomia. The aim of this study was to compare the possible regenerative effect of BMSCs through systemic and local injections. Material and Methods: 52 male Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1: 10 rats received 0.5 ml of PBS by injection. Group 2: 14 rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU drug. Group 3: 14 rats were injected the same dose of 5-FU then received an intraglandular …

In Vitro Evaluation Of Material Dependent Force Damping Behavior Of Implant-Supported Restorations Using Different Cad-Cam Materials And Luting Conditions, Ahmed Sabet

Dentistry

Statement of problem. Although force-damping behavior that matches natural teeth may be unobtainable, an optimal combination of crown material and luting agent might have a beneficial effect on the force absorption capacity of implant-supported restorations. However, the force-absorbing behavior of various restorative materials has not yet been satisfactorily investigated. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the material dependent force-damping behavior of implant-supported crowns fabricated from different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials luted to implant abutments under different conditions. Material and methods. Titanium inserts (N=84) were screwed to implant analogs, scanned to design zirconia …

Effect Of Different Preparation Depths For An Inlay-Retained Fixed Partial Denture On The Accuracy Of Different Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study, Ahmed Sabet

Dentistry

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the effect of different preparation depths for inlayretained fixed partial dentures on the accuracy of intraoral scanners. Materials and Methods: Tooth preparations for two inlay-retained fixed partial dentures were done and divided according to depth of the preparation. Group A: 2 mm pulpal floor depth, 3 mm gingival floor depth and Group B: 3 mm pulpal floor depth, 4mm gingival floor depth. The CEREC Omnicam 4.4.4, Omnicam 4.6.2. Trios3 and Medit i500 intraoral scanners were used in this study. Tooth preparations were scanned by each scanner 10 times. The STL files obtained from the …

Accuracy And Repeatability Of Different Intraoral Instruments On Shade Determination Compared To Visual Shade Selection, Ahmed Sabet

Dentistry

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of intraoral instruments used for shade determination compared to visual shade selection (VSS). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 subjects and 10 observers, balanced by gender, participated in the study. Observers performed VSS of the upper right central incisor from each subject. Instrumental shade determination of the same teeth was performed using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade V) and intraoral scanners (CEREC Omnicam, Primescan, Trios 3 and Trios 4). Vita Classical shade nomenclature was used to record the shade designation for all instruments and VSS. The accuracy of the instruments was determined by comparing …

Shaping Ability Of Two Heat Treated Rotary Niti Instruments Using Different Kinematics/In Vitro Study, Engy M. Kataia, Mohamed Mokhtar Nagy, Mohamed M. Kataia, Hala Fayek

Dentistry

Background: Comparing shaping ability of Azure and Fanta AF One in rotation and reciprocation. This study was conducted on 40 resin blocks, having canal curvatures 30°-angle and of 16-mm length. The blocks were assigned to 4-groups according to the instrument and motion used: Azure/Rotation (A/Rt), Fanta AF one/Rotation (F/Rt), Azure/ Reciprocation (A/Rec) and Fanta AF one/Reciprocation (F/Rec). For both systems single file 25, taper 0.06 were used. Digital images were taken before and after instrumentation. Adobe Photoshop was used to overlap post and pre- instrumentation images to assess canal transportation at 1, 4, 7-mm; representing apical, middle and cervical levels …

What Do Patients Use For Treating Their Oral Ulcers? And How Do These Treatments Affect Their Quality Of Life?, Enji Ahmed Mahmoud, Ayat Gamal Abdel-Nasser, Mai Zakaria, Sohair Gaafar

Dentistry

Objectives: Oral ulceration forms a major category of oral lesions. Due to its effect on the quality of life, the patients seek treatment using various substances. This study investigated the types of treatments used by a sample of patients having all types of oral ulcers and its positive and negative effects on the patients' lives. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients having different types of oral ulcers. Participants provided information about their previous treatments, the source of recommendation of its use and side effects linked to them. They filled the oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire to report the change in …

Oral Mucormycosis In Post-Covid- 19 Patients: A Case Series, Enji Ahmed Mahmoud, Asmaa Abobakr, Radwa Raghib, Ayman El-Gawish, Dalia Galwash

Dentistry

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Locally Delivered Melatonin As An Adjunct To Nonsurgical Therapy On Gcf Antioxidant Capacity And Mmp-9 In Stage Ii Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Enji Ahmed Mahmoud, Olfat Gamil Shaker, Nermin Youssif, Dalia Mohey-Eldien Ghalwash

Dentistry

Objectives. Periodontitis is characterized by inflammatory destruction of periodontal tissue, loss of attachment, and bone resorption. +e increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is responsible for the oxidative damage occurring in periodontal tissues. Melatonin has important immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and powerful antioxidant functions. +e current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of topical melatonin gel as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Methods. +is splitmouth randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 24 patients with grade II periodontitis. Two sites in each patient were randomly assigned; test sites were treated by nonsurgical therapy followed by intrapocket application of 5% …