Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Santa Clara, 2019-05-09, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Vile Blood: Hereditary Degeneracy In Victorian England, Dalton Lee Brock

Theses and Dissertations from 2019

During the late 1800s, the people of England grew anxious about hereditary degeneracy. That anxiety was rooted in the medical literature of the Victorian period. Nature predetermined individuals to be either healthy or unhealthy. Unhealthy individuals were marked by degenerative mental or physical characteristics such as epilepsy. Medical professionals, including Henry Maudsley, emphasized reversion and its hereditary nature as a threat to individuals and society. All based their works and arguments on Charles Darwin’s idea of inheritance. Darwin, in turn, had adopted and modified Lamarckian inheritance to make up for the absence of an inheritance principle in his theory of …

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Honor Bixby, James Bentham, Bin Zhou, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Gretchen A. Stevens, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Young Ho Khang, Maroje Sorić, Edward W. Gregg, J. Jaime Miranda, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Journal Articles

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3–6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% …

Poor Ergonomics And Neck Flexion: Evaluating The Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Neck Pain In Dental Hygiene Students, Justine E. Stambaugh

Dental Hygiene ETDs

Proper ergonomics are important to minimize operator fatigue and discomfort. Poor ergonomics has been proven to be the leading factor in developing musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues. Studies have been conducted in the past to investigate dental professionals and the risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders and found this occupational group at higher risk. However, research on dental hygiene students is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental hygiene students being affected by musculoskeletal pain in the neck region in early dental hygiene education and if …

An E-Learning Adaptation Of An Evidence-Based Media Literacy Curriculum To Prevent Youth Substance Use In Community Groups: Development And Feasibility Of Real Media, Anne E. Ray, Kathryn Greene, Michael L. Hecht, Sarah C. Barriage, Michelle Miller-Day, Shannon D. Glenn, Smita C. Banerjee

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Background: There is a need for evidence-based substance use prevention efforts that target high school-aged youth that are easy to implement and suitable for dissemination in school and community groups. The Youth Message Development (YMD) program is a brief, four-lesson, in-person curriculum that aims to prevent youth substance use through the development of youth media literacy. Specifically, YMD aims to increase understanding of advertising reach and costs, along with the techniques used to sell products; develop counterarguing and critical thinking skills in response to advertisements; and facilitate application of these skills to the development of youth-generated antisubstance messages. Although …

Deregulation Of A Network Of Mrna And Mirna Genes Reveals That Ck2 And Mek Inhibitors May Synergize To Induce Apoptosis Kras-Active Nsclc, Madeline Krentz Gober, Robert M. Flight, Joshua W. Lambert, Hunter N. B. Moseley, Arnold Stromberg, Esther P. Black

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

KRAS-activation mutations occur in 25% to 40% of lung adenocarcinomas and are a known mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) resistance. There are currently no targeted therapies approved specifically for the treatment of KRAS-active non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Attempts to target mutant KRAS have failed in clinical studies leaving no targeted therapy option for these patients. To circumvent targeting KRAS directly, we hypothesized that targeting proteins connected to KRAS function rather than targeting KRAS directly could induce cell death in KRAS-active NSCLC cells. To identify potential targets, we leveraged 2 gene expression data sets derived from NSCLC …

What Lies Beneath? Molecular Evolution During The Radiation Of Caecilian Amphibians, María Torres-Sánchez, David J. Gower, David Alvarez-Ponce, Christopher J. Creevey, Mark Wilkinson, Diego San Mauro

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Background: Evolution leaves an imprint in species through genetic change. At the molecular level, evolutionary changes can be explored by studying ratios of nucleotide substitutions. The interplay among molecular evolution, derived phenotypes, and ecological ranges can provide insights into adaptive radiations. Caecilians (order Gymnophiona), probably the least known of the major lineages of vertebrates, are limbless tropical amphibians, with adults of most species burrowing in soils (fossoriality). This enigmatic order of amphibians are very distinct phenotypically from other extant amphibians and likely from the ancestor of Lissamphibia, but little to nothing is known about the molecular changes underpinning their radiation. …

Qualitative Assessments Used In Art Therapy Programs With Cancer Patients In A Medical Settings, Melissa Garcia

LMU Theses and Dissertations

This document reviews qualitative assessments used to explore the impact on art therapy interventions with patients in cancer treatment. The study explored the use of qualitative assessment in evaluating patient perspective on receiving art therapy adjunctly with cancer treatment. In addition, the research aimed to determine if art therapy interventions are perceived as effective in helping cancer patients reduce stress, cope, improve quality of life, express emotions, and reduce cancer-related symptoms during and after cancer treatment through qualitative assessment. Approximately 300 cancer patient experiences were reviewed through surveying qualitative studies that explored the effects of art making in cancer treatment …

Antibody-Based Ticagrelor Reversal Agent In Healthy Volunteers., Deepak L. Bhatt, Charles V. Pollack, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Lisa K. Jennings, Sherry Xu, Susan E. Arnold, Bret R. Umstead, Michael C. Mays, John S. Lee

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Ticagrelor is an oral P2Y₁₂ inhibitor that is used with aspirin to reduce the risk of ischemic events among patients with acute coronary syndromes or previous myocardial infarction. Spontaneous major bleeding and bleeding associated with urgent invasive procedures are concerns with ticagrelor, as with other antiplatelet drugs. The antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor cannot be reversed with platelet transfusion. A rapid-acting reversal agent would be useful.

METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial, we evaluated intravenous PB2452, a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds ticagrelor with high affinity, as a ticagrelor reversal agent. We assessed platelet function in …

Trends And Predictors Of Implantable Cardioverted Defibrillator In Patients With Cardiac Arrest, Lohit Garg Md, Syed Rafay Ali Sabzwari Md, Aakash Garg Md, Manyoo Agarwal Md, Sahil Agrawal Md, Sima Y. Hodavance Md, Raman Dusaj Md, Nainesh C. Patel Md, Jeffrey Gordon Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Dietary Polyphenols, Resveratrol And Pterostilbene Exhibit Antitumor Activity On An Hpv E6-Positive Cervical Cancer Model: An In Vitro And In Vivo Analysis, Kaushiki Chatterjee, Sumit Mukherjee, Jonathan Vanmanen, Probal Banerjee, Jimmie E. Fata

Publications and Research

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer is one of themost frequent cancers in women residing in underdeveloped countries. Natural compounds like polyphenols continue to be of scientific interest as non-toxic effective alternative treatments. Our previous work showed the efficacy of two polyphenols, resveratrol, and pterostilbene on human HeLa cells. Here we explored the in vitro anti-cancer activity and in vivo anti-tumor potential of these two structurally similar compounds on HPV oncogene E6 and E7 positive murine TC1 cells. In vitro analysis confirmed the cytotoxic potential of both resveratrol and pterostilbene compounds with each having a low IC50 value and each …

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Honor Bixby, James Bentham, Bin Zhou, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Gretchen A. Stevens, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Young Ho Khang, Maroje Sorić, Edward W. Gregg, J. Jaime Miranda, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Stefan Savin, Marisa K. Sophiea, Maria L.C. Iurilli, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Melanie J. Cowan, Leanne M. Riley, Goodarz Danaei, Pascal Bovet, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ian R. Hambleton, Alison J. Hayes, Nayu Ikeda, Andre P. Kengne, Avula Laxmaiah, Yanping Li

All Works

© 2019, The Author(s). Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3–6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant …

Chemically Modified Variants Of Fenofibrate With Antiglioblastoma Potential, J Stalinska, E Zimolag, N. A. Pianovich, A Zapata, A Lassak, M Rak, M Dean, D Ucar-Bilyeu, D Wyczechowska, F Culicchia, L Marrero, Luis Del Valle, J Sarkaria, F Peruzzi, B. S. Jursic, K. Reiss

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Anticancer effects of a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, have been described in the literature for a quite some time; however, fenofibrate has not been used as a direct anticancer therapy. We have previously reported that fenofibrate in its unprocessed form (ester) accumulates in the mitochondria, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and triggers a severe energy deficit and extensive glioblastoma cell death. However, fenofibrate does not cross the blood brain barrier and is quickly processed by blood and tissue esterases to form the PPARα agonist fenofibric acid, which is practically ineffective effective in triggering cancer cell death. To address these issues, we have …

Development Of A Guideline To Reduce Spinal Induced Hypotension And Related Nausea And Vomiting In Patients Undergoing Scheduled Cesarean Section, Peter Gillen

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Cesarean sections performed under spinal anesthesia frequently involve spinal-induced hypotension and can result in intraoperative nausea and vomiting for the patient. This project involved the development of a guideline to combat this problem using lower sequential devices, co-loading of crystalloid fluids, and prophylactic administration of intravenous ondansetron. The guideline was presented to anesthesia providers at a tertiary care facility in Southwestern Illinois. Evaluation of the project included pre and post-tests as well as post-implementation surveys of the providers. The pre-test results indicated a need for further education among providers to address the problem. The post-test scores achieved the goal of …

Acute Kidney Injury And Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (Hlh) Caused By Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (Hga), Grace Chong Do, Wael Hanna Md, Joseph Scurozo, Tayyab Ali Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Reduced Gravity Contributes To Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio Shifting And Promotion Of The Oxidative Stress Response, Amber M. Paul, Siddhita D. Mhatre, Egle Cekanaviciute, Ann-Sofie Schreurs, Candice G.T. Tahimic, Ruth K. Globus, Brian Crucian, Sharmila Bhattacharya

Publications

Spaceflight can cause immune system dysfunction, such as elevated white blood cells (WBC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), along with unchanged or reduced lymphocyte counts. A high PMN to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can acts as a poor prognosis in cancer and a biomarker for subclinical inflammation however, the NLR has not been identified as a predictor of astronaut health during spaceflight. CBC data collected on board the International Space Station (ISS) was repurposed to determine the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (GLR) in humans and the NLR in rodents. The results displayed a progressive increase in GLR and NLR during spaceflight and …

The Unfolding Argument: Why Iit And Other Causal Structure Theories Cannot Explain Consciousness, Adrian Doerig, Aaron Schurger, Kathryn Hess, Michael H. Herzog

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

How can we explain consciousness? This question has become a vibrant topic of neuroscience research in recent decades. A large body of empirical results has been accumulated, and many theories have been proposed. Certain theories suggest that consciousness should be explained in terms of brain functions, such as accessing information in a global workspace, applying higher order to lower order representations, or predictive coding. These functions could be realized by a variety of patterns of brain connectivity. Other theories, such as Information Integration Theory (IIT) and Recurrent Processing Theory (RPT), identify causal structure with consciousness. For example, according to …

Predominant Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes In Kumasi: A 4-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study At A Teaching Hospital In Ghana, Max Efui Annani-Akollor, Otchere Addai-Mensah, Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, Lorraine Sallah, Eddie-Williams Owiredu, Emmanuel Acheampong, Solomon Akamugri

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) has been associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, studies regarding the predominant complications of T2DM in Ghana have not been conducted. This study evaluated the prevalence and predominant complications of T2DM and assessed the sociodemographic factors associated with the development of diabetes-related complications in Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 1600 Ghanaian T2DM adults were included in this study. Patients’ clinical data from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from the hospital’s archive. Results: …

The Management Of Perioperative Immunosuppressant Medications For Rheumatoid Arthritis During Elective Hand Surgery, Kevin M. Klifto, Brian H. Cho, Scott D. Lifchez

Research Day

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive inflammatory disease that commonly involves joints of the hand and wrist. Different recommendations exist for continuing or discontinuing immunosuppressant medications during the perioperative time period. The purpose of our study was to determine if continuing steroids, non-biologic DMARDs, and/or biologic DMARDs were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.

Methods: We performed a single-centered, retrospective review of a consecutive cohort of RA patients who had elective hand surgery by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had a documented diagnosis of seropositive RA by a rheumatologist, and had elective …

Alcohol Use Effects On Burn Related Reconstruction Patient Outcomes And Complications Following Hospital Admission: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kevin Klifto, Pragna Shetty, Ben Slavin, Caresse Gurno, Stella Seal, Mohammed Asif, C Scott Hultman

Research Day

Patients suffering from burn-related injuries admitted to the hospital concurrently consuming alcohol are believed to be at an increased risk of poor outcomes and the development of complications following burn reconstruction, however data varies within the literature and remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes and complications from studies during the years 1958 to 2018 between 813 burn patients admitted to the hospital with alcohol use reported by a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC), intoxication, or the patient on admission to 299543 burn patients admitted who were not consuming alcohol. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of …

Effects Of Pay For Performance On Performance Outcomes In Pennsylvania’S Medicaid Managed Care Program, Harry Zobel, David Kelley, Michele Robinson, Pauline Sanders, Jennifer Ibrahim

Research Day

Background and Purpose: A goal in healthcare is to reduce costs while improving quality of care, and population health. Pay for Performance (P4P) is one intervention being utilized by Medicaid programs to achieve this goal. While P4P has become a favorite among policymakers, its effectiveness in improving health outcomes is still under investigation. We assessed the role of P4P to improve provider performance by evaluating Pennsylvania’s Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) Program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of providers within the HealthChoices MMC Program in Pennsylvania. We examined annual provider performance outcomes for seven providers across six …

Illicit Substance Use Effects On Burn Related Reconstruction Patient Outcomes And Complications Following Hospital Admission: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kevin Klifto, Pragna N. Shetty, Benjamin R. Slavin, Caresse F. Gurno, Stella M. Seal, Mohammed Asif, Scott Hultman

Research Day

Patients suffering from burn-related injuries admitted to the hospital concurrent illicit substance use are believed to be at an increased risk of poor outcomes and the development of complications following burn reconstruction, however data varies within the literature and remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes and complications from studies during the years 1986 to 2017 between 15653 burn patients admitted to the hospital with substance use alcohol use reported by a positive toxicology screen (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, methadone, codeine/morphine, PCP, LSD, inhalants, solvents, aerosols, legal highs), or the patient on hospital admission to 299543 burn …

Using Emr To Implement And Track Compliance Of A Unique Colon Bundle That Reduced Surgical Site Infection In Colorectal Surgery: A Single Institution Review, Leigh Gerson, Jessica Barton, Christina Monaco, Lisa Baro

Research Day

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) remain a common complication of colorectal surgery and are associated with an increase in cost, hospital LOS and an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. It is well studied that surgical care bundles reduce infection, there is no established consensus on the optimal amalgamation of variables. Increasing the number of measures within the bundle is associated with a stepwise reduction in SSI. This review presents the efficacy and implementation of a detailed surgical bundle to reduce SSIs in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. We illustrate how the use of EMR aids in implementation and …

Characterization Of Ppar-Gamma 1 And Ppar-Gamma 2 In Knockin And Knockout Mouse Models, Arielle N. Roberts, Wenxiang Hu, Mitchell A. Lazar

Research Day

The global epidemic of obesity and type II diabetes has led to a growing interest in the underlying mechanisms of metabolic diseases. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, and is vital for the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. In the mouse model, it has been demonstrated that global knockout of PPARγ leads to severe metabolic disturbance, resulting in embryonic lethality. However, the specific regulatory roles of its two protein isoforms, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2, remain uncertain, due to limitations of reagents and appropriate mouse models. To investigate the hypothesis …

Understanding The Comorbidity Of Asthma And Anxiety In Childhood: Characteristics, Vulnerabilities, And Treatment Implications, Nicole Fleischer, Elizabeth Gosch, Phil Kendall

Research Day

Introduction: Given the high incidence of asthma and anxiety comorbidity, clinicians should be informed of the unique presentation of these clients in clinical practice. Although much is known about the development and characteristics of childhood anxiety, less is known about children with anxiety and comorbid asthma.

Methods: This study, using archival data, examined the potential differences in children with comorbid asthma and anxiety compared to children with anxiety from a random controlled trial. These two groups were compared on negative self-talk, number of physical symptoms, parent anxiety, content of their worries, and presence of panic, generalized anxiety, and …

Sleep, Communicative Ability, And Dietary Intervention As Predictors Of Aggression In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rafat Omar, Elizabeth Gosch, Susan Panichelli Mindel, Johnathan Roberds

Research Day

Aggression is a common behavioral issue in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Aggression is often treated with evidence-based behavioral treatments such as applied behavioral analysis and functional communication training. One form of intervention that has grown in popularity is to alter the child’s diet. The most popular dietary intervention, the Autism Diet, has been utilized as a form of behavior management by parents and guardians for children diagnosed with ASD to address aggressive behavior, however its use has not been strongly supported by research. We propose that a more beneficial way of understanding aggression in ASD is to understand …

The Efficacy Of Applied Behavior Analysis On The Quality Of Critical Life Skills In Autistic Youth, Olukayode A. Akinsola Jr, Denah Appelt

Research Day

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, social communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and interest or activities. As of 2013, ASD is no longer an individual entity but rather an umbrella term encompassing other distinctive developmental disorders. Signs and symptoms of ASD can appear anywhere from birth to three years of life. Various behavioral modalities exist for the treatment of ASD, which is considered to be the gold standard of care. One of the newest behavioral modalities is applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy. The general purpose of ABA therapy is the …

Nicotine And Smoking Effects On Burn Related Reconstruction Patient Outcomes And Complications Following Hospital Admission: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kevin Klifto, Pragna Shetty, Ben Slavin, Caresse Gurno, Stella Seal, Mohammed Asif, C Scott Hultman

Research Day

Patients suffering from burn-related injuries admitted to the hospital concurrently using nicotine and/or smoke are believed to be at an increased risk of poor outcomes and the development of complications following burn reconstruction, however data varies within the literature and remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes and complications from studies during the years 1986 to 2018 between 8568 burn patients admitted to the hospital who use nicotine and/or smoke to 299543 burn patients admitted who do not use nicotine and/or smoke. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically and independently searched. Clinical …

Analysis Of The Gut-Brain Axis In Aging: Implications In Alzheimer Disease, Molly Martin, Mary Austin, Denah Appelt

Research Day

The gut microbiome is comprised of the shared genome of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. The interaction between the host and its gut microbiome, the Gut-Bran Axis (GBA), is a complex relationship whose management could prove critical to preventing or treating not only various gut disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or behavioral health disorders such as general depression and anxiety, but also central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the gut microbiome, how it is connected …

Restoration Of Penile Sensation After Dorsal Nerve Trauma In Cismen, Kevin M. Klifto, A. Lee Dellon

Research Day

Purpose: Loss of penis sensation or development of a painful penis can occur after injury to the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve. Attempted relief of this problem through neurolysis of the dorsal nerve in the inferior pubic ramus canal has been reported rarely. While recovery of genital sensibility has been discussed frequently in transmen, this subject has been reported rarely in cismen. The purpose of this report is to review our experience with recovery of sensation after decompression of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out from 2014 to …