Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

How Acceptable Is The Hiv/Aids Self-Testing Among Women Attending Immunization Clinics In Effurun, Southern Nigeria, Wasiu Olalekan Adebimpe, Doraebikeme Ebikeme, Olubukunola Omobuwa, Edward Oladejo

Marshall Journal of Medicine

HIV testing remains the gateway to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support interventions. In Nigeria, a significant proportion of the populations do not know their HIV status. HIV self-testing done without the help of a healthcare provider could remove identified barriers to HIV testing, and close gaps in HIV treatment and prevention cascades. This study set out to assess the knowledge and acceptability of hiv self-testing (HIVST) among women of child bearing age attending immunization clinics in Effurun, Nigeria. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 women of child-bearing age selected using multistage sampling technique. Research instrument used was …

Prasugrel Inappropriate Use In Patients Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Pci). A Single Center Study, Ahmed Amro, Kanaan Mansoor, Mohammad Amro, Amal Sobeih, Obadah Aqtash, Hisham Hirzallah, Alaa Gabi, Madhulika Urella, Waseem Ahmed, Sandra Shenouda, Dr. Rameez Sayyed, Md

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Prasugrel is a thienopyridine that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in combination with aspirin for the reduction of thrombotic events as well as stent thrombosis in patients with ACS who undergo PCI. This retrospective study aims to assess the frequency of inappropriate use of prasugrel and to emphasize that prasugrel still needs more attention as inappropriate use may result in significant morbidity.

Intralesional Corticosteroids For Long-Term Control Of Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma Without Systemic Involvement, Pragya Tiwari, John Hall, Anand Rajpara, Carol Stanford, Daniel Aires

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) is a B cell lymphoma with a very low metastatic rate. Radiographic monitoring for internal involvement may be indicated initially. Favored treatments include radiation and excision. Radiation has high risk of local recurrence. Excision carries risk of infection and scarring. We report successful long-term treatment of recurrent PCMZL via intralesional steroid injections into new lesions as they arose. This was preferred by the patient over her prior radiation and surgical treatments. Intralesional steroids have the advantages of being simple and well tolerated, without exposure to ionizing radiation, or to the infection and scarring associated …

Availability Of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives For Adolescents In Urban Vs Rural West Virginia Counties, Brooke Andrews, Cameron Ross, Jennie L. Yoost

Marshall Journal of Medicine

The study objective was to evaluate long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method availability and access for adolescents in rural and urban counties in West Virginia (WV). A cross-sectional survey of Title X family planning providers throughout WV was conducted from January 2016-July 2017. This survey was sent to 226 family planning providers in WV to assess patterns of LARC availability. The survey assessed provider training level, LARC services provided and frequency, clinical practice, referral patterns, and comfort level providing adolescent LARC services. Survey results were analyzed by providers’ rural vs urban status, based on US census county codes. Survey responses …

Incidental Retroperitoneal Castleman’S Disease Found In Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report, Samantha Richardson, James Jensen, Niru Nahar, Nadim Bou Zgheib

Marshall Journal of Medicine

This report briefly discusses a case of retroperitoneal Castleman’s disease in a 52 year old post-menopausal woman with renal cell carcinoma.

Group A Streptococcus Brain Abscess In A Patient On Adalimumab Therapy, Ryan Carroll, Ahmad Abu-Hashyeh, James Gainer, Kara Willenburg, Charles Meadows

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Brain abscesses represent a group of dangerous infections typically caused by a number of classic organisms. Group A Streptococcus is a rare cause of brain abscesses and those patients that do have this particular condition will typically have a distal source of infection. We present a case of patient with a biopsy confirmed Group A Streptococcal without a distal source of infection. His only identifiable risk factor was his adalimumab therapy for ankylosing spondylitis. While adalimumab has not been linked to Streptococcal infection in the past, it has been associated with multiple atypical infections and some of the consequences of …

The Challenge Of Electronic Cigarettes, Sutoidem Akpanudo

Marshall Journal of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Giving Hope: Best Healing Power In Medicine, Nadim Bou Zgheib

Marshall Journal of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Extending Our Reach: Looking To The Future For The Marshall Journal Of Medicine, Darshana T. Shah

Marshall Journal of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy, Zachary Wise

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a medical emergency requiring effective correction of pathophysiological issues. TIC is antagonized by a lethal triad of factors including hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. This triad is a vicious cycle that is not seen in every patient that has experienced a physical trauma. However, if it is present, mortality rates quadruple(Phillips, Mohorn, Bookstaver, Ezekiel, & Watson, 2017). Effective correction of this triad can be successfully obtained with the utilization of thromboelastography (TEG). Appropriate usage of TEG promotes patient outcomes while reducing days in the ICU and overall length of stay(Pigna, Lippi, Saronni, & Cervellin, 2018).

The Pathophysiology And Nursing Care For Parkinson's Disease, Meredith Parish

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to the Parkinson's Disease (PD) foundation, PD is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing neurons in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra (2019). More than 10 million people worldwide are living with PD, and approximately 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD each year ("Understanding parkinson's," 2019). With the growing incidence of this neurodegenerative disease, it is likely that Advanced Practice Nurses (APRN's) in many settings will encounter patients with PD and will have a role in clinical monitoring, identifying when problems arise, and providing care, support, and resources to their PD patients as well …

Sepsis-Induced Dessemination Intravascular Coagulation, Hussainatu Bah

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

This poster focused on Sepsis-Induced DIC, life-threatening complications causing severe coagulopathy that if not recognize and treated early, can lead to multi-organ failure, death, and morbidity. Many patients who come to the hospital for some sort of infection are already at risk for Sepsis-Induced DIC and moreover, surgeries can increase the risk of Sepsis-Induced DIC. It is now understood that the prevention of Sepsis-Induced DIC largely depends on early detection, treatment, and prevention. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) need to be well educated on this topic to be effective providers. Five research-based articles with other supporting sources were reviewed …

Development Of Novel Zika And Anthrax Viral Nanoparticle Vaccines, Elizabeth Henderson

KGI Theses and Dissertations

Vaccines protect against numerous infectious diseases and prevent millions of deaths annually, but there are still many infectious diseases for which no licensed vaccine exists. Developing a new vaccine requires balancing safety and efficacy, and viral nanoparticle (VNP) vaccines possess both of these characteristics. The work herein demonstrates how tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanoparticles can serve as a platform to create candidate vaccines for Zika virus (ZIKV) and anthrax. In the first study, a ZIKV-specific epitope was genetically fused to TMV to create a safe and inexpensive vaccine that proved highly immunogenic in mice and led to the discovery of …

Beyond Sequencing: Re-Visiting Annotations For Pjl As A Test Case, Waqasuddin Khan, Aisha Ghani, Muhammad Bilal Azmi, Safina Abdul Razzak

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objectives: Current developments in sequencing techniques have enabled rapid and high-throughput generation of sequence data. however, there is a growing gap between the generation of raw sequencing data and the extraction of meaningful biological information. variant annotation is a crucial step in the analysis of genome sequencing data. incorrect or incomplete annotations can cause researchers to dilute interesting variants in a pool of false positives. we require consistent, accurate and reliable annotation of variants for making diagnostic and treatment decisions. current annotation depends on the set of transcripts, and software used can be managed, with sufficient care, in the research …

An Exploration Of Attitudes Toward Dogs Among College Students In Bangalore, India, Shelly Volsche, Miriam Mohan, Peter B. Gray, Madhavi Rangaswamy

Anthropology Faculty Research

Conversations in the field of anthrozoology include treatment and distinction of food animals, animals as workers versus pests, and most recently, emerging pet trends including the practice of pet parenting. This paper explores attitudes toward pet dogs in the shared social space of urban India. The data include 375 pen-and-paper surveys from students at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) in Bangalore, India. Reflecting upon Serpell’s biaxial concept of dogs as a relationship of affect and utility, the paper considers the growing trend of pet dog keeping in urban spaces and the increased use of affiliative words to describe these relationships. …

Plasticity In The Human Gut Microbiome Defies Evolutionary Constraints, Andres Gomez, Ashok Kumar Sharma, Elizabeth K. Mallott, Klara J. Petrzelkova, Carolyn A. Jost Robinson, Carl J. Yeoman, Franck Carbonero, Barbora Pafco, Jessica M. Rothman, Alexander Ulanov, Klara Vickova, Katherine R. Amato, Stephanie L. Schnorr, Nathaniel J. Dominy, David Modry, Angelique Todd, Manolito Torralba, Karen E. Nelson, Michael B. Burns, Ran Blekhman, Melissa Remis, Rebecca M. Stumpf, Brenda A. Wilson, H. Rex Gaskins, Paul A. Garber, Bryan A. White, Steven R. Leigh

Anthropology Faculty Research

The gut microbiome of primates, including humans, is reported to closely follow host evolutionary history, with gut microbiome composition being specific to the genetic background of its primate host. However, the comparative models used to date have mainly included a limited set of closely related primates. To further understand the forces that shape the primate gut microbiome, with reference to human populations, we expanded the comparative analysis of variation among gut microbiome compositions and their primate hosts, including 9 different primate species and 4 human groups characterized by a diverse set of subsistence patterns (n = 448 samples). The results …

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Solution Structure And Functional Behavior Of The Human Proton Channel, Monika Bayrhuber, Innokentiy Maslennikov, Witek Kwiatkowski, Alexander Sobol, Christoph Wierschem, Cédric Eichmann, Lukas Frey, Roland Riek

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human voltage-gated proton channel [Hv1⁽¹⁾ or VSDO⁽²⁾] plays an important role in the human innate immune system. Its structure differs considerably from those of other cation channels. It is built solely of a voltage-sensing domain and thus lacks the central pore domain, which is essential for other cation channels. Here, we determined the solution structure of an N- and C-terminally truncated human Hv1 (Δ-Hv1) in the resting state by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Δ-Hv1 comprises the typical voltage-sensing antiparallel four-helix bundle (S1–S4) preceded by an amphipathic helix (S0). The solution structure corresponds to an intermediate …

Rheumatoid Arthritis-Relevant Dna Methylation Changes Identified In Acpa-Positive Asymptomatic Individuals Using Methylome Capture Sequencing., Xiaojian Shao, Marie Hudson, Ines Colmegna, Celia M T Greenwood, Marvin J. Fritzler, Philip Awadalla, T Pastinen, Sasha Bernatsky

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To compare DNA methylation in subjects positive vs negative for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), a key serological marker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk.

METHODS: With banked serum from a random subset (N = 3600) of a large general population cohort, we identified ACPA-positive samples and compared them to age- and sex-matched ACPA-negative controls. We used a custom-designed methylome panel to conduct targeted bisulfite sequencing of 5 million CpGs located in regulatory or hypomethylated regions of DNA from whole blood (red blood cell lysed). Using binomial regression models, we investigated the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between ACPA-positive vs ACPA-negative subjects. …

Identifying Important Parameters In The Inflammatory Process With A Mathematical Model Of Immune Cell Influx And Macrophage Polarization, Marcella Torres, Jing Wang, Paul J. Yannie, Shobha Ghosh, Rebecca A. Segal, Angela M. Reynolds

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

In an inflammatory setting, macrophages can be polarized to an inflammatory M1 phenotype or to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, as well as existing on a spectrum between these two extremes. Dysfunction of this phenotypic switch can result in a population imbalance that leads to chronic wounds or disease due to unresolved inflammation. Therapeutic interventions that target macrophages have therefore been proposed and implemented in diseases that feature chronic inflammation such as diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. We have developed a model for the sequential influx of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity in response to a bacterial stimulus that includes macrophage …

Validation Of A Death Assay For Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Larvae (L3) Using Propidium Iodide In A Rat Model (Rattus Norvegicus), Susan I. Jarvi, John Jacob, Robert T. Sugihara, Israel L. Leinbach, Ina H. Klasner, Lisa M. Kaluna, Kirsten A. Snook, M. Kathleen Howe, Steven H. Jacquier, Ingo Lange, Abigail L. Atkinson, Ashley R. Deane, Chris N. Niebuhr, Shane R. Siers

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a pathogenic nematode and the cause of neuroangiostrongyliasis, an eosinophilic meningitis more commonly known as rat lungworm disease. Transmission is thought to be primarily due to ingestion of infective third stage larvae (L3) in gastropods, on produce, or in contaminated water. The gold standard to determine the effects of physical and chemical treatments on the infectivity of A. cantonensis L3 larvae is to infect rodents with treated L3 larvae and monitor for infection, but animal studies are laborious and expensive and also raise ethical concerns. This study demonstrates propidium iodide (PI) to be a reliable marker of …

Effects Of Toothache On The Educational And Social Status Of Children, Mehmet S. Dogan, Ahmet Aras, Osman Atas, Abdullah E. Karaali, Ayse Gunay, Haluk M. Akbaba, Izzet Yavuz

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Untreated tooth cavities and the resulting toothaches have significant effects on children’s social and psychological development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of toothache on children’s educational and social activities. Methods: For this retrospective study, we issued a 15-question survey to the parents of 515 children between ages of 5–16 years in Diyarbakır, Turkey. The chi-square test was used to test the strength of the relationship between two variables (p ≤ 0.05). Results: 318 (61.7%) parents reported having difficulty in feeding their children, 94 (18.3%) left a game due to toothache, 173 (33.6%) had school …

Management Of Grade Iv Blunt Renal Trauma In Adults: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ikhlas A. Bramono, Gampo A. Irdam, Arry Rodjani, Irfan Wahyudi

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Irrespective of the high incidence of grade IV renal trauma, there is still an ongoing debate regarding the use of conservative and surgical approaches for its treatment. This study aimed to conduct pooled analyses of published studies that concluded evidences regarding the management of grade IV renal trauma. Methods: Published studies between 1995 and 2015 from Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus were reviewed and pooled analysis of eligible studies was conducted using random effects model. Heterogeneity was presented with I2 and p value. Results: Eleven studies reporting on 703 adults were included in the analysis. Conservative …

Evaluation Of The Frequency Of Mucous Retention Cysts In The Maxillary Sinus In A Turkish Population Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Nihat Lacin, Birkan Tatar

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Mucous retention cyst (MRC) of the maxillary sinus (MS) is an asymptomatic pathology generally found during routine radiographic examination. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of MRCs in the MS from a Turkish population using randomly selected cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: CBCT images of randomly selected systemically healthy subjects (n = 300; of which 156 were men and 144 were women with a mean age of 40.18 [age range: 18–65 years]) were included in this retrospective study. The images were evaluated, and MRC was detected as a dome-shaped radiopaque lesion on the floor or walls of …

The Link Between Genetics And Depression, Rachel Shirey

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This paper examines the link between genetics and depression. Information was gathered and reviewed from multiple studies. Signs and symptoms of depression, the pathophysiology of environmental and genetic factors, and the significance of the pathophysiology were explained. Additionally, nursing implications regarding genetics and depression are discussed.

Type 2 Diabetes (T2d), Janice Loney

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a devastating disease predisposing individuals to a myriad of serious health complications such as: heart disease, stroke, retinopathy, neuropathy, renal disease, dementia, amputation and early death. Diabetes care has a major economic impact worldwide, as a future family nurse practitioner (FNP) patient education on T2D risk factors, disease process and medical management are vital to halt this growing epidemic. A literature search was conducted and five peer reviewed articles were chosen addressing T2D pathophysiology, risk factors, effects of self-care behaviors and emerging treatment options.

Focused efforts from the literature reviews indicate education and adherence …

Aortic Stenosis Poster, Katonya Lawson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Aortic stenosis is the narrowing of the aortic valve secondary to calcification and fibrosis. It is the most common valve disorder and the second most frequent reason for cardiac surgery. As the elderly population increases, the number of patients presenting with aortic stenosis will increase. RNs and APRNs need to be aware of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis because the disease can progress quickly and be fatal if mismanaged. Patients with aortic stenosis have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality during the peri-operative period during non-cardiac surgery. Therefore, CRNAs must remain vigilant when caring for this …

Ischemic Stroke, Rachele Gualtieri

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and a very large percentage of those who suffer a stroke experience an ischemic stroke. It is detrimental that the healthcare providers caring for these patients are proficient in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of a stroke to preserve maximal function of the brain and promote a full recovery. It is also crucial that providers are aware of risk factors for stroke, events leading up to an ischemic injury, and the events that follow an ischemic injury. This poster discusses the underlying pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, risk …

Designing The Arriving Refugee Informatics Surveillance And Epidemiology (Arive) System: A Web-Based Electronic Database For Epidemiological Surveillance, William A. Mattingly, Ruth M. Carrico, Timothy L. Wiemken, Robert R. Kelley, Rebecca A. Ford, Rahel Bosson, Kimberley A. Buckner, Julio A. Ramirez

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Objectives: We design and implement the Arriving Refugee Informatics surVeillance and Epidemiology (ARIVE) system to improve the health of refugees undergoing resettlement and enhance existing health surveillance networks.

Materials and Methods: Using the REDCap electronic data capture software as a basis we create a refugee health database incorporating data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Electronic Disease Notification (EDN) system and domestic screening data from refugee health care providers.

Results: Domestic screening and EDN refugee health data have been integrated for 13,824 refugees resettled from 35 different countries into the state of Kentucky from the years 2013-2016.

Discussion: …

Refugee Women's Needs: The Athens Case, Melissa J. Diamond

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Medicins sans Frontiers estimates that twenty-five per cent of new asylum-seeking arrivals in Athens in 2016 were women [1]. Despite the sizable number of women asylum seekers arriving in Athens, women’s voices are often excluded from research on refugee needs. This research sought to understand the needs of women asylum seekers in Athens through the collection of qualitative data on their needs and experiences upon arriving in Athens. Twelve women from Syria, Afghanistan and other countries (background withheld for confidentiality) participated. The sampled women demonstrated an acute understanding of their own needs and the needs of their communities. While many …

Spatial Chromatin Architecture Alteration By Structural Variations In Human Genomes At The Population Scale., Michal Sadowski, Agnieszka Kraft, Przemyslaw Szalaj, Michal Wlasnowolski, Zhonghui Tang, Yijun Ruan, Dariusz Plewczynski

Faculty Research 2019

BACKGROUND: The number of reported examples of chromatin architecture alterations involved in the regulation of gene transcription and in disease is increasing. However, no genome-wide testing has been performed to assess the abundance of these events and their importance relative to other factors affecting genome regulation. This is particularly interesting given that a vast majority of genetic variations identified in association studies are located outside coding sequences. This study attempts to address this lack by analyzing the impact on chromatin spatial organization of genetic variants identified in individuals from 26 human populations and in genome-wide association studies.

RESULTS: We assess …