Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Novel Training Simulator For Portable Ultrasound Identification Of Incorrect Newborn Endotracheal Tube Placement – Observational Diagnostic Accuracy Study Protocol, Hasan S. Merali, Mark O. Tessaro, Khushboo Q. Ali, Shaun K. Morris, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Shabina Ariff

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Endotracheal tube (ETT) placement is a critical procedure for newborns that are unable to breathe. Inadvertent esophageal intubation can lead to oxygen deprivation and consequent permanent neurological impairment. Current standard-of-care methods to confirm ETT placement in neonates (auscultation, colorimetric capnography, and chest x-ray) are time consuming or unreliable, especially in the stressful resuscitation environment. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the neck has recently emerged as a powerful tool for detecting esophageal ETTs. It is accurate and fast, and is also easy to learn and perform, especially on children.
Methods: This will be an observational diagnostic accuracy study consisting of two …

Viral Infections And Interferons In The Development Of Obesity, Yun Tian, Jordan Jennings, Yuanying Gong, Yongming Sang

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Obesity is now a prevalent disease worldwide and has a multi-factorial etiology. Several viruses or virus-like agents including members of adenoviridae, herpesviridae, slow virus (prion), and hepatitides, have been associated with obesity; meanwhile obese patients are shown to be more susceptible to viral infections such as during influenza and dengue epidemics. We examined the co-factorial role of viral infections, particularly of the persistent cases, in synergy with high-fat diet in induction of obesity. Antiviral interferons (IFNs), as key immune regulators against viral infections and in autoimmunity, emerge to be a pivotal player in the regulation of adipogenesis. In this review, …

Method Of Predicting Obesity Comprising Measuring Neurotensin, B. Mark Evers, Jing Li, Paul Dobner, Olle Melander

Surgery Faculty Patents

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a method for predicting increased risk of obesity on a non-obese subject. More particularly, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to a method of predicting increased risk of obesity in a non-obese subject by determining a level of neurotensin expression in a biological sample from the subject and comparing the level of neurotensin expression in the sample with a control level. The presently disclosed subject matter further relates to a method of preventing and/or treating obesity in a subject in need thereof by administering to the subject an effective amount of an agent …

Multi-Ancestry Sleep-By-Snp Interaction Analysis In 126,926 Individuals Reveals Lipid Loci Stratified By Sleep Duration, Raymond Noordam, Maxime M. Bos, Heming Wang, Thomas W. Winkler, Amy R. Bentley, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Paul S. De Vries, Yun Ju Sung, Karen Schwander, Brian E. Cade, Alisa Manning, Hugues Aschard, Michael R. Brown, Han Chen, Nora Franceschini, Solomon K. Musani, Melissa Richard, Dina Vojinovic, Stella Aslibekyan, Traci M. Bartz, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Both short and long sleep are associated with an adverse lipid profile, likely through different biological pathways. To elucidate the biology of sleep-associated adverse lipid profile, we conduct multi-ancestry genome-wide sleep-SNP interaction analyses on three lipid traits (HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides). In the total study sample (discovery + replication) of 126,926 individuals from 5 different ancestry groups, when considering either long or short total sleep time interactions in joint analyses, we identify 49 previously unreported lipid loci, and 10 additional previously unreported lipid loci in a restricted sample of European-ancestry cohorts. In addition, we identify new gene-sleep interactions for known …

Amélioration De La Justesse Des Modèles D’Hygiène Du Travail Utilisés Pour Estimer Des Expositions Professionnelles À Des Vapeurs De Solvants, Spéro Abattan, Stéphane Hallé, Daniel Drolet, Ali Bahloul, Patrick Eddy Ryan, Wejden Chouchene, Carlos Castro Ruiz, Jérôme Lavoué, Maximilien Debia

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Chaque année, des travailleurs québécois subissent des effets sur leur santé après avoir été exposés à des substances chimiques, notamment à des solvants. La modélisation des expositions professionnelles occupe une place importante dans la prévention des risques. Cette recherche vise à étudier différents aspects de la modélisation pour estimer des expositions professionnelles à des vapeurs de solvants dans le but d’en améliorer la justesse de prédiction. Le travail de recherche a été effectué en deux volets. Grâce à la mise en œuvre de tests à petite échelle (volet I) et à échelle humaine (volet II), les travaux présentés dans cette …

A Comparison Of Different Modeling Techniques To Establish Token Reinforcers In Classroom Settings, Spencer B. Gauert

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Prior research has supported the use of reinforcer-based methods in school settings. Video based modeling methods for establishing conditioned reinforcers without the need for explicit pairing with primary reinforcers can help to extend the use of these resources into new contexts. The use of video based conditioning has potential applications in school settings to increase academic skills without the use of more costly-to-implement reinforcer systems. However, conditioning of this kind might be restricted by the need to individually condition stimuli with different participants. The current study evaluated effects of video based conditioning on relative rate of sight word reading across …

Food Habits Of Coyotes (Canis Latrans) In The Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, Suzanne J. Gifford, Eric M. Gese, Robert R. Parmenter

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife managers needed to understand coyote (Canis latrans) ecology in order to develop management plans on the nascent Valles Caldera National Preserve in northern New Mexico. Managers concerned about low elk (Cervus elaphus) recruitment had observed an increase in sightings of coyotes and observations of coyote predation on elk calves. Our objective was to identify and quantify coyote diet, and assess the temporal variation in coyote diet on the Valles Caldera National Preserve, particularly as related to elk calf consumption. We examined coyote food habits using 1,385 scats analyzed monthly from May 2005 to November 2008. …

An Exploration Of The Effect Of Nosology On Clinical Coding In Nigeria, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo, Michael Segun Omole Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The article aimed at exploring how Nosology bridges different aspects of Clinical Coding in Nigeria; through objective identification of the basic concept of Nosology, its place in the Clinical Coding and assessment of the effect of Nosology on Clinical Coding. The presentation started with introduction, followed by discussion on Importance of Clinical Coding and the Challenges of Clinical Coding. The Concept of Nosology, the Roles of Nosology in Clinical Coding was extensively discussed. Also, relationship between Nosology and Clinical Coding was established and this was followed by summary, conclusion and recommendations. The method used for this study is literature review …

Health Information Management- A Tool For Effective Health Care Delivery In Nigeria; Mother And Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State Experience, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo Dr., Ebenezer Seun Orimoloye Mr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study investigates Health Information: A Tool for effective Health Care Delivery in Nigeria (Mother and Child Hospital, Akure Experience.). The descriptive survey design approach was employed and questionnaire was the research instruments. The patients, medical and paramedical staff (Doctors, HROs, Nurses, MLS and others) of the Mother and Child Hospital, Akure were used as the respondents; convenience sampling technique was adopted to get the samples involved. Two hundred questionnaires were administered and all were retrieved by the researcher and was used for this study. Data presentation and analysis were done using frequencies, simple percentages and chi-square statistics. The result …

Influence Of National Health Management Information System, On The Planning Of Health Care Services In Nigeria, Michael Segun Omole Dr., Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo Dr., Rasaq Adetona Adio, Faruk Abubakar Umar, Michael Babatunde Adeojo, Aliyu Wada

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper reported on the Influence of National Health Management Information System on the planning of health care services in Nigeria. The article, aimed at combining insights of how National Health Management Information System implementation, bridges different aspects of Health Care Service planning in Nigeria; through objective identification of the basic philosophy of NHMIS, its place in the National Health Policy, the concept of NHMIS and assessment of the effect of NHMIS on the planning of Health Care Services

The method used for this study is literature review and theoretical analysis. Inferences drawn from existing literatures and postulated theories indicated …

Genome-Wide Variation In Potyviruses, Deepti Nigam, Katherine Latourrette, Pedro F.N. Souza, Hernan Garcia Ruiz

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Potyviruses (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) are the result of an initial radiation event that occurred 6,600 years ago. The genus currently consists of 167 species that infect monocots or dicots, including domesticated and wild plants. Potyviruses are transmitted in a non-persistent way by more than 200 species of aphids. As indicated by their wide host range, worldwide distribution, and diversity of their vectors, potyviruses have an outstanding capacity to adapt to new hosts and environments. However, factors that confer adaptability are poorly understood. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases introduce nucleotide substitutions that generate genetic diversity. We hypothesized that selection imposed by …

Exploration Of Mindfulness Among Ethnic Minority Undergraduate Nursing Students, Amber Young-Brice, Kristina Dreifuerst

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Meeting projected needs for ethnically diverse nurses depends on a strong pipeline of diverse students within nursing programs. Colleges assume students readily navigate the university; however, this may not be the reality especially among ethnic minority students.

Purpose

The purpose was to explore the concept of mindfulness among ethnic minority nursing students. Exploring mindfulness, and a lack thereof, may provide strategies for overcoming challenges ethnic minority students experience in prelicensure nursing programs.

Methods

A qualitative study using thematic analysis of semistructured in-depth interviews was conducted with 20 ethnic minority undergraduate nursing students.

Results

Themes that emerged reveal positive associations …

Least Of My Worries: Food Security, Diet Quality, And Antiretroviral Adherence Among People Living With Hiv, Charlotte Ann Noble

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

More than forty years into the epidemic, HIV continues to impact the health and well-being of millions of people – nearly 37 million across the globe and in excess of 1 million in the U.S. – more than 44% of which live in the Southern United States. HIV continues to disproportionally affect marginalized populations, and vast amounts of money, time, and effort have been spent to understand how to slow the rate of new infections and improve health outcomes for People Living with HIV (PLWH). This study aims to understand the experience of living with and managing HIV while on …

Mitochondrial Somatic Mutations And The Lack Of Viral Genomic Variation In Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, Yuhan Hao, Ryan Ruiz, Liying Yang, Antonio Galvao Neto, Milan R Amin, Dervla Kelly, Stratos Achlatis, Scott Roof, Renjie Bing, Kasthuri Kannan, Stuart M Brown, Zhiheng Pei, Ryan C Branski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease of the aerodigestive tract caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) that manifests as profoundly altered phonatory and upper respiratory anatomy. Current therapies are primarily symptomatic; enhanced insight regarding disease-specific biology of RRP is critical to improved therapeutics for this challenging population. Multiplex PCR was performed on oral rinses collected from twenty-three patients with adult-onset RRP every three months for one year. Twenty-two (95.6%) subjects had an initial HPV positive oral rinse. Of those subjects, 77.2% had an additional positive oral rinse over 12 months. A subset of rinses were then compared …

Health Information Needs For The Aged In The Society, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo Phd, Michael Segun Omole Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The Aged are prone to a lot of challenges as they assume the latent phase of their life. These challenges include loneliness, incapacitates, and degenerative diseases among others. To adequately coop with this problems, information becomes an essential ingredients. This work reports on the importance of identify the types of information needed by the aged, sources and channels of information available to them and how the information may help in modifying their life. The general inputs expected from Librarian were also discussed.

Administration Of Health Records/Information Practitioners Of Nigeria: Requirements, Implementations, Prospects And Challenges Of Health Records Officers’ Act, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo Phd, Michael Segun Omole Phd, Rasaq Adetona Adio, Muyiwa Adeleke Amin, Adebayo Olayiwola Ogunniran

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Health Records Officers’ Act was promulgated formally by Decree No. 39 of 1989 (HROA; 1989) now CAP 166 LFN1990. The Decree establishes a Board for general administration of the profession of Health Records management in Nigeria. The paper which was a desk top study discovered the constitutional requirements for the Health information practices and implementation strategies as stipulated by the Act. The study revealed the prospects and challenges associated with the implementation of the Act on the professionals. The work recommended among others, continuous education of member of the profession will aid enormously in awareness creation toward compliance with the …

Understanding Prediabetes Through Facebook: Pilot Study Protocol And Lessons Learned, Xiaomeng Xu, Michelle Litchman, Perry Gee, Se-Hee Jung, Webb Whatcott, Loni Chacon, John Holmes, Sankara Subramanian Srinivasan

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a serious contributor to mortality and morbidity. Rural populations (including those in Mountain West regions) exhibit greater health disparities than their urban counterparts for many conditions, including diabetes. It is therefore vital to address this important health issue, especially among rural populations. One way to address diabetes is with prevention, starting with enhanced detection of prediabetes. According to the CDC, more than 84 millions Americans (one in three adults) has prediabetes, but nine out of ten are not aware of their condition, which hampers prevention efforts. Infodemiology has been used successfully to track health information …

“Making Do, As Best As We Can” Cancer In American Samoa: Qualitative Methods And Results, Va'atausili Tofaeono, Tyran Terada, Luana Sue Kaopua, Angela Sy, Luana Yoshikawa

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: The United Nation outlines a blueprint for addressing social determinants of health (SDOH), reconciling disparities between and within countries. Indigenous people living in Small Island Developing States like the U.S. territories experience health disparities. In American Samoa (AS), SDOH involving political, social, and data limitations provide challenges to in-country research and health services delivery capacity including cancer prevention and treatment. For example, in AS less than 7% of age-eligible adults participated in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, while the Healthy People 2020 target is 70% screened. In 2004 a cancer awareness and service needs assessment in AS funded by the …

Pre-Diabetes In The Hispanic Population: Adolescents To Adulthood, Mary Nies, Tanna Woods

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Preventing prediabetes from developing into diabetes has led to successful programs like the Diabetes Prevention Program, although translation to minority populations is not readily available. Since minorities endure a disproportionate effect from diabetes and its complications, finding tailored interventions that work for minorities and can prevent the progression of prediabetes is crucial

Materials & Methods: Searching four electronic databases yielded 1,606 articles relating to prediabetes interventions in Hispanics across the lifespan. Research had to be published during the timeframe of 2008 to 2018 and include intervention as a focus. Titles and abstracts were read to narrow results. An additional …

Knowledge And Attitudes Of Guam Residents Towards Cancer Clinical Trial Participation, Munirih R. Taafaki, Amy C. Brown, Eunjung Lim, Kevin Cassel, John J. Chen, Yvette C. Paulino

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Currently there are no cancer clinical trials conducted in Guam, but interest is growing. Limited information exists on the knowledge and attitudes of Guam’s population towards cancer clinical research, yet cancer is the second highest cause of death in Guam and among the CHamoru people, Guam’s indigenous population. CHamoru people suffer the highest rates of cancer mortality compared to other ethnic groups in Guam. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in knowledge and attitudes towards cancer clinical trials participation, and attitudes towards traditional medicine.

Materials & Methods: A telephone survey instrument was designed, pilot-tested, IRB-approved, and …

Community Assessment On Colorectal Cancer Screening Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior, And Health Literacy In American Samoa: Methods And Results, Va'atausili Tofaeono, Angela Sy, Lana Sue Kaopua, Kathy Tong, Kevin Cassel, Luana Yoshikawa

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

urpose/Background: “Weaving” Indigenous and Western knowledges are understood to advance health equity for the Indigenous community whose own knowledge and values are often subsumed. Partnerships that support Indigenous leadership and bring Indigenous knowledge to greater parity with Western knowledge are imperative. Indigenous people living in Small Island Developing States like the U.S. territories experience health disparities. The WHO has declared non- communicable diseases as a global health epidemic, including cancer disparities. In American Samoa (AS) less than 7% of age-eligible adults participated in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, while the Healthy People 2020 target is 70% screened. CRC may be prevented …

Changes In Gender Representation In Pharmacy Research Literature, Elaine Nguyen, Renee Robinson, Rebecca Hoover

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Many health disciplines, such as pharmacy, have been historically male dominated. However, female gender representation continues to increase in health care and especially in pharmacy with women representing 57.5% of pharmacists in 2017.

Shifts in workforce gender representation have not always translated to research and publication. Limited data exist regarding women’s authorship in pharmacy research literature. The purpose of our analysis was to determine whether the percentage of women as first authors of research articles in the pharmacy literature has increased over the past decade.

Materials & Methods: We conducted a retrospective bibliometric analysis. Citations from key pharmacy practice …

Effect Of Socio-Demographics, Health-Related Problems, And Family Structure On Chronic Absenteeism Among Children, Eunjung Lim, James Davis, So Yung Choi, John J. Chen

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: From 5 to 7.5 million school children are chronically absent, defined as missing ≥15 days of school within a year. Students miss schools due to various reasons such as health, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors. We examined child’s health and behavior, family structure, and socio-demographics to understand chronic absenteeism.

Materials & Methods: The population included children ages 6 to 17 years from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) years 2008-2013. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors of chronic absenteeism, adjusting for the complex sampling design.

Results: Among socio-demographic variables, age ≥14 years, race/ethnicity, lower-income family, …

Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Vaccination Status Among University Freshmen In Hawai‘I, May Rose I. Dela Cruz, Myron B. Thompson, John J. Chen, Carolyn Ma

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: The HPV vaccine provides immunity against nine HPV strains that cause cancer and genital warts. It is recommended for 11 to 12 year olds, and "catch-up" immunization is recommended for females 13 to 26 years old and males 13 to 21 years old. College students represent an important population for HPV vaccination due to their increased risk for HPV infection. Despite the benefits of the HPV vaccine, its coverage rates are low in Hawaii. Hawai‘i is the home of two large universities on two islands that are representative of Hawai‘i’s populations, including Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, and Pacific Islanders. The …

Changes In Knowledge Of Hpv, Cervical Cancer, Pap Smears, And Attitudes Towards Hpv Vaccination From A Community-Based Intervention For Latinas, Helen C. Tarp, Paula Phelps, Elizabeth Fore

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Latinas are 20% less likely to receive the HPV vaccine and, in Idaho, are 35% more likely to die of cervical cancer than non-Latinas -16.2/100,000 in Latinas vs. 7.6/100,000 non-Latinas-. Research indicates that this disparity is due to low health literacy, and barriers of language, culture, and poverty. This project’s purpose was to assess the efficacy of a community-based intervention designed to increase rural Idaho Latina health literacy about cervical cancer prevention and detection, about the Women's Health Check program, and to assess participant attitudes towards child HPV vaccination.

Materials & Methods: Investigators trained six bilingual Latinas from rural …

Home Base Care Approach To Reduce Disparity In Diabetes Care In Zuni Indians, Eun Hee Choi, Donica Ghahate, Jeannette Bobelu, Vernon Pankratz, Vallabh Shah

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: We conducted a randomized clinical intervention trial of a home-based kidney care program to examine its efficacy in adult Zuni Indians with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). We evaluated the results of the study in the subset of participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to determine the degree to which this intervention influenced the engagement of those with T2DM in the management of their own health circumstances.

Materials & Methods: We randomized participants by household to receive usual care or home-based care. After initial lifestyle coaching, the intervention group received frequent additional reinforcement by community health representatives (CHRs) about adherence …

Apol1 Ckd Risk Alleles In New Mexico African American And American Indian Populations: Racial Disparity, Chien-An A. Hu, Amelia Bierle, Matthew Shultz, Vallabh Shah

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Two haplotypes of human apolipoprotein L1 gene (gene: APOL1; protein: ApoL1) harboring three coding sequence mutations have been demonstrated as risk variants associated with non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in African Americans. The first one, termed G1, is a two non-synonymous SNP haplotype (rs73885319 (A>G; p.S342G) and rs60910145 (G>T; p.I384M). The second one, termed G2, is a two codon deletion haplotype rs71785313 (6-bp in frame deletion) These two coding-sequence variants have been discovered in CKD patients of African ancestry and linked to the pathogenesis of primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), hypertension-attributed kidney disease, and HIV-associated nephropathy …

Cytokine Registry Database Of Stroke Patients (Crisp), Atif Zafar, Fares Qeadan, Asad Ikram, Mudassir Farooqui, Sajid Suriya, Surojit Paul

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: The aim of the study is to identify molecular biomarkers involve in patients who present with stroke and to determine their clinical usefulness as potential biomarkers in stroke patients as compared to patients without stroke.

Materials & Methods: All patients presenting with ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke at University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH) will be screened for potential participation in this study based on following inclusion and exclusion criteria:

Inclusion criteria: male/female of ages ≥ 18 years, patients whose standard stroke admission order sets are obtained for clinical care.

Exclusion criteria: Patients <18 year, with the history of prior stroke or any neurodegenerative or neuroinflammatory disease except multiple sclerosis (MS), pregnant women and prisoners.

Cytokines will be measured in serum …

Secondary Stroke Prevention Among Filipinos Compared With Other Racial Groups In Hawaii, Nicole Young, Kazuma Nakagawa, Sheri Tokumaru, Deborah Taira

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: As the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and a main cause of disability, stroke results in immense health and economic burden. Filipinos (FI) were found to have the highest mortality due to major CVD and stroke in Hawaii, and it is unclear whether the increased stroke risk among FI might be reduced by increasing the use of guideline recommended medications for secondary stroke prevention. Additionally, the attitudes and concerns of FI patients in Hawaii regarding stroke prevention have not been studied. The purpose of this study is to utilize a mixed-method approach to elucidate health …

An Application Of A Modified Health Belief Model: Assessing Health Beliefs And Health Protective Behaviors In Mining- Impacted Communities, Chloe Wardropper, Courtney Cooper, Jeff Langman, Chantal Vella, Dilshani Sarathchandra

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose/Background: Toxic metal contamination poses public health risks in many mining-impacted communities. Improved understanding of risk perception and health protective behaviors is important to sustaining public health awareness. We co-developed a research study based on the Health Belief Model (HBM; Figure 1) and facilitated through a partnership with the health district in our study area, the Silver Valley of northern Idaho. Lead contamination caused by historical mining practices continues to impact both ecological and human health and contributes to health disparities. For this study, we assess how health belief constructs (i.e., perceived threats, expectations of behavioral outcomes, and confidence in …