Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Study Of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Emily Minor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Though the duodenum is the primary site of iron absorption, the colon also contains iron transporters and participates in iron absorption. The purpose of this study was to characterize colonic iron absorption in control patients and those with ulcerative colitis (UC), a disease that frequently results in iron deficiency. Using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, we found that colonic expression of the apical iron importer, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), is equal to duodenal expression. However, colonic expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1), an iron exporter, is only about one-quarter that of the duodenum. Patients with active ulcerative colitis were found …

A Comprehensive Evaluation Of A Home Visitation Program Model's Prenatal Physical Activity Curriculum Modules Delivered Primarily To Low-Income Women, Angela Marie Dyer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background. Many low-income pregnant women receive prenatal physical activity (PA) curricula modules through home visitation programs. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence on the structural capacity, processes, and outcomes relating to these modules. Aims. The objective of this dissertation project was to examine the aforementioned in a single home visitation program model - the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) program. More precisely, the aims of this study were to: (Aim 1) examine home visitors’ (i.e., Outreach Workers [OWs]) competencies in implementing the MIHOW program’s prenatal PA curriculum modules (i.e., structural capacity), (Aim 2) …

A Preliminary Investigation Of Velopharyngeal Timing In Normally Developing Preschool Children And Those With Speech Sound Disorders, Taylor Danielle Snodgrass

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As children acquire speech and language, they also begin to develop speech motor control. A widely accepted theoretical model for explaining speech acquisition and motor modifications necessary for appropriate speech is the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA)model.This model posits that individuals plan and produce speech (feedforward system). If errors in speech are identified, they are modified since the DIVA Model includes a feedback system that is sensitive to such perturbations made during speech production (feedback system). This feedback system functions to make positive changes to one’s motor programming for speech. Literature suggests that children gain stability …

High Frequency Percussive Ventilation For Tumor Motion Immobilization, Ina Marina Sala

Wayne State University Dissertations

This work investigates the use of High Frequency Percussive Ventilation as a technique for respiratory motion mitigation in radiotherapy. This technique was extensively investigated in several prospective and retrospective studies.

In an initial prospective study, we evaluated the feasibility of HFPV and chest-wall motion reduction, by recruiting 15 healthy volunteers to undergo HFPV with three commercially available interfaces. For direct tumor motion immobilization, a second prospective study was performed in which with ten lung cancer patients underwent HFPV while imaged with high frame rate fluoroscopy. Diaphragm motion and image artifacts were quantified in a prospective study of a healthy volunteer …

Utilizing Log Files For Treatment Planning And Delivery Qa In Radiotherapy, Carl W. Stanhope

Wayne State University Theses

Purpose: Monte Carlo-based log file quality assurance (LF-MC QA) is investigated as an alternative method to phantom-based patient-specific quality assurance in radiotherapy (e.g. ArcCHECK QA (AC QA)).

Methods: First, the shortcomings of AC QA were investigated. The sensitivity dependence of ArcCHECK diodes on dose rate (in-field) and energy (primarily out-of-field) was quantified. LF-MC QA was then analyzed on the phantom geometry. Planned (‘Plan’) and LF-reconstructed CS and MC doses were compared with each other and AC measurement via statistical (mean ± StdDev(σ)) and gamma analyses to isolate dosimetric uncertainties and quantify the relative accuracies of AC QA and LF-MC QA. …

Barriers Of Colorectal Cancer Screening In Rural Usa: A Systematic Review, Hongmei Wang, Shreya Roy, Jungyoon Kim, Evi A. Farazi, Mohammad Siahpush, Dejun Su

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are lower in rural areas in the USA. To guide the design of interventions to improve CRC screening, a systematic review was conducted to identify CRC screening barriers for rural populations.

METHODS: A search was conducted in four literature databases - Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus - for articles from 1998 to 2017 that examine CRC screening barriers in rural areas. This review included a total of 27 articles reporting perceived CRC screening barriers by rural residents or providers or examining factors associated with CRC screening of rural populations in the USA.

RESULTS: The …

A Needs Assessment: The Barriers Preventing Students At A Large Midwestern University From Accessing The Dental Clinic On Campus For Preventative Care, Pamela Briese

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Preventive maintenance and dental care for college students is just as important now as it was when they were living with their parents, but even though colleges have been offering campus-based medical care to their students for many years, oral health care has not been included in this health prevention effort. Because of the impact that oral health has on the overall health and well-being of college students, and in following the Healthy People 2020 Oral health goal to “Prevent and control oral and craniofacial diseases, conditions, and injuries, and improve access to preventive services and dental care” (HP2020), this …

Ada Health Policy Institute Releases Inaugural Dental Industry Report, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Does Preprandial Oral Lactase Supplement Reduce Abdominal Pain In Lactose-Intolerant Adult Patients After A Lactose-Containing Meal?, Margaryta Tolchynska

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not preprandial oral lactase supplement reduces abdominal pain in lactose-intolerant adult patients after a lactose-containing meal.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three randomized, blinded, controlled primary research studies published between the years of 2010 and 2018.

DATA SOURCES: One randomized controlled trial (RCT), one randomized comparative study, and one randomized crossover study evaluating the efficacy of 9,000 units of preprandial oral lactase supplement in reducing abdominal pain due to lactose intolerance (LI). All studies were published in peer-reviewed journals and found via the use of PubMed, …

Is Botulinum Toxin Injection Effective In Reducing Pain In Patients Diagnosed With Plantar Fasciitis?, David A. Fry

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not botulinum toxin injection is effective in reducing pain in patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections versus corticosteroid injections for improving pain and dysfunction in those diagnosed with plantar fasciitis.

DATA SOURCES: All articles were presented in English and were taken from peer reviewed sources using PubMed. All articles were published from 2012-2017.

OUTCOMES: Outcomes of investigation measured are pain score measured using the VASvisual analog scale and Foot Health Status Questionnaire. …

Is There A Greater Statistically Significant Difference In The Clearance Or Partial Clearance Of Anogenital/Genital Warts When It Comes To Combination Therapies That Include Cryotherapy Versus Cryotherapy Alone?, Erika Burbano

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in using combination therapies that include cryotherapy vs. cryotherapy alone in the clearance of genital/anogenital warts.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three peer reviewed primary studies that were published between 2009-2014.

DATA SOURCES: Review of a double-blind placebo-controlled study, a single-blinded randomized controlled study, and a randomized clinical comparative study from 2011. All sources were selected from PubMed based on the applicability to the clinical question and how accurately they answered the question regarding the patient population

OUTCOMES: The outcomes of investigation …

Do Adults Undergoing Minimally Invasive Quadriceps-Sparing Total Knee Arthroplasty Have Less Of A Risk Of Developing A Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis As Compared To Patients Undergoing A Standard Medial Parapatellar Total Knee Arthroplasty?, Jessica Cataldo-Ramirez

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Do adults undergoing minimally invasive quadriceps-sparing total knee arthroplasty have less of a risk of developing a postoperative deep venous thrombosis as compared to patients undergoing a standard medial parapatellar total knee arthroplasty?”

STUDY DESIGN: A review of one case series published in 2007 and two randomized controlled trials published in 2014.

DATA SOURCES: Primary literature found in PubMed that compared the surgical outcomes of minimally invasive quadriceps-sparing total knee arthroplasty to standard medial parapatellar total knee arthroplasty.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Postoperative deep venous thrombosis development.

RESULTS: …

Is Lifitegrast 5.0% Ophthalmic Solution Effective In Improving Eye Dryness And Safe, In Terms Of Ocular Adverse Effects, In Adults 18 Years Or Older With Dry Eye Disease?, Aubrey E. Cole

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not lifitegrast 5.0% ophthalmic solution is effective in improving eye dryness and safe, in terms of ocular adverse effects, in adults 18 years or older with dry eye disease (DED).

Study Design: Systematic review of three primary double-blinded, randomized placebocontrolled trials that were published in peer-reviewed journals between 2014-2017.

Data Sources: Studies were obtained through the PubMed database based on relevance to the clinical question and evaluation of patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcomes Measured: Efficacy of lifitegrast treatment was measured based on the eye dryness …

Does Botulinum Toxin A Injections Into The Pelvic Floor Muscles Of Women With Chronic Genitopelvic Pain And Vaginal Spasm Improve Pain And Sexual Functioning?, Emily R. Broadbent

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this evidenced based medicine review is to determine whether or not botulinum toxin A injections into the pelvic floor muscles of women with chronic genitopelvic pain and vaginal spasm improve pain and sexual functioning.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two double blind randomized controlled trials and one case series from peer reviewed journals published between 2006-2011.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized controlled trials and one case series were found using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: All three studies measured pain and sexual functioning using selfreported surveys including the visual analog scale for pain, Female Sexual …

"Free Indirect Suicide: An Unfinished Fugue In H Minor", Seo-Young J. Chu

Publications and Research

In this lyric essay/work of creative nonfiction (listed among “Notable Essays & Literary Nonfiction” in Best American Essays 2020), Seo-Young Chu uses poetry, autotheory, and creative nonfiction to explore the generational trauma/postmemory han she inherited from her parents and the importance of destigmatizing mental illness through dialogue.

Biotene Dry Mouth Oral Rinse To Receive Ada Seal Of Acceptance, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

Bmo Harris Bank Named Exclusive Finance Partner For American Dental Association Members Across The United States, American Dental Association

News Releases

This collection includes standard news releases, information kits and other documents distributed for publicity, information, announcements of events, etc. as issued from the ADA. Items included in this collection are archival and any costs, links, contact information, or other figures may be out of date. Please contact the ADA to verify information.

2019 Transactions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Transactions of the ADA, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT). It is from the Transactions section, one of three subtitles that make up the full publication. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Pages from the Annual Reports and the Transactions are numbered consecutively (e.g. Annual Reports volume ends pg. 500 and Transactions volume starts at pg. 501). NOTE: All three subtitles are collectively known as the Transactions of the ADA or, alternatively, the ADA Transactions. Transactions refers …

2019 Annual Reports And Resolutions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Annual Reports and Resolutions subtitle of the ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and Transactions. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Older versions include reports from all departments as subsections, while more recent versions include only those of councils, commissions, and committees.

2019 Supplement Vol. 2, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Supplements subtitle of The ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and the Transactions. Generally, The ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. The Supplements function like an appendix and are, in more recent editions, numbered separately with page numbers determined by HOD reference committee assignation. Items are described variously as "Supplement #", "Volume #", etc. throughout the series but have been labeled here as Vol. # for …

2019 Supplement Vol. 1, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Supplements subtitle of The ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and the Transactions. Generally, The ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. The Supplements function like an appendix and are, in more recent editions, numbered separately with page numbers determined by HOD reference committee assignation. Items are described variously as "Supplement #", "Volume #", etc. throughout the series but have been labeled here as Vol. # for …

Differences In Access To Care Of Children With Intellectual Disability Versus Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Kelly J. Haller

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: With the increase in ASD awareness and diagnosis, concerns are raised as to whether children with ID have more unmet health care needs than children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to assess the unmet health care needs of children with ID compared to children with ASD and whether inconsistent health insurance coverage is associated with any differences. Methods: The 2016-2017 NSCH identified children with diagnoses of ID and ASD (with or without ID). Caregivers were asked if the child had an unmet need for health care during the past 12 months, and the type of care …

Success Of Non-Traditional Students In Medical School, Rebecca A. Nowak

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

The demographics of United States medical schools are changing to include an increasing number of older students, men and women who have switched careers into medicine, those with post-graduate degrees before starting medical school, and other diverse backgrounds. These “non-traditional” students today are still a minority (an annual questionnaire sent out to matriculating medical students by the Association of American Medical Colleges last year showed as many as 90% of students knew they wanted to study medicine by the end of undergraduate¹) but make up a growing slice of the demographics of current U.S. medical students. Much research …

Examining The Relationship Between Medical Student Satisfaction And Academic Performance In A Pre-Clinical, Flipped-Classroom Curriculum, Matthew J. Mackey

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Medical schools are tasked with the responsibility of facilitating the acquisition of the specific vernacular, skill set, and reasoning capabilities of a physician for a group of individuals with a mélange of diverse experiences. Determining the best methods to train physicians is thus a challenge for those in medical education. Starting with the class of 2021, flipped classroom teaching and learning activities dominate Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine’s (WSU-BSOM) curriculum for MS1s and MS2s. This new curriculum is under constant evaluation to make sure it is best serving Boonshoft students. However, evaluating student evaluations on course satisfaction is …

Medical Students' Understanding Of The Nature Of Science, Garrett V. Kandell

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

A questionnaire pertaining to the nature of science was distributed to 120 students matriculating into a midwestern medical school. Questions were so designed to understand student’s ideas on the nature of science and research, their previous involvement in research, and how they see research playing a role in their lives as future physicians. This study was performed to gain a more accurate understanding of what medical students perceive the nature of science and research is along with possible benefits throughout their careers There is a division in literature concerning the benefits of research in medical school and its ability to …

Consent For Emergency Treatment: Emergency Department Patient Recall And Understanding, Ashley Lafountain

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Informed consent is an important ethical and legal requirement that underlies the concept of patient autonomy. This prospective survey study was conducted to assess patient recall and understanding of consent for treatment in adult emergency department (ED) patients at an urban level 1 trauma center with annual volume of 95,000, Miami Valley Hospital. Out of a total 293 patients, most individuals reported only receiving a verbal explanation of the consent document (45%) or not reading the document at all (36%). About half of the patients recalled consenting to treatment (N=144, 49%) and over one third of patients could not recall …

Factors Associated With Chest Tube Placement In Blunt Trauma Patients With An Occult Pneumothorax, Michael Paplawski, Swapna Munnangi, Jody C. Digiacomo, Edwin Gonzalez, Ashley Modica, Shawndeep S. Tung, Catherine Ko

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background. An occult pneumothorax is identified by computed tomography but not visualized by a plain film chest X-ray. The optimal management remains unclear. Methods. A retrospective review of an urban level I trauma center’s trauma registry was conducted to identify patients with occult pneumothorax over a 2-year period. Factors predictive of chest tube placement were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 131 patients were identified, of whom 100 were managed expectantly with an initial period of observation. Ultimately, 42 (32.0%) patients received chest tubes and 89 did not. The patients who …

Review Of Procedures For Reconstruction Of Soft Tissue Chest Wall Defects Following Advanced Breast Malignancies, Alicia Billington, Deniz Dayicioglu, Paul Smith, John Kiluk

Surgery Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to review closure options for complex chest wounds in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Experiences of the plastic and oncologic surgery teams at Moffitt Cancer Center were reviewed, and the literature researched for various surgical options of complex chest wound closure. Multiple treatment modalities exist for reconstruction of complex chest wall wounds with the external oblique and V-Y latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous advancement flaps serving as workhorses in reconstruction. Treatment of cancer has moved from simply a surgical solution to include other modalities such as hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation—the latter 2 having serious …

Public Health And Personal Choice: The Ethics Of Vaccine Mandates And Parental Refusal In The United States, Rebecca Horan

Undergraduate Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Prosocial Behavior And Teacher Perceptions In Preschoolers, Allie Endsley

Undergraduate Honors Theses

No abstract provided.