Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Dietary Compound Proanthocyanidins From Chinese Bayberry (Myrica Rubra Sieb. Et Zucc.) Leaves Attenuate Chemotherapy-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Traits Via Targeting The Wnt/Β-Catenin Signaling Pathway And Inducing G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Yu Zhang, Shiguo Chen, Chaoyang Wei, Gary O. Rankin, Xingqian Ye, Yi Charlie Chen

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small population of cancer cells characterized by self-renewal ability, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death related to the female reproductive system in Western countries and has been evaluated as a type of CSC-related cancer in recent years. Natural products have attracted great attention in cancer treatment in recent years due to drug resistance and a high relapse rate of ovarian cancer. Chinese bayberry leaf proanthocyanidins (BLPs) contain epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate as their terminal and major extension units, which is quite unusual in the plant kingdom. BLPs showed strong …

Objective Coding Of Content And Techniques In Workplace-Based Supervision Of An Ebt In Public Mental Health, Shannon Dorsey, Suzanne E U Kerns, Leah Lucid, Michael D Pullmann, Julie P Harrison, Lucy Berliner, Kelly Thompson, Esther Deblinger

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Workplace-based clinical supervision as an implementation strategy to support evidence-based treatment (EBT) in public mental health has received limited research attention. A commonly provided infrastructure support, it may offer a relatively cost-neutral implementation strategy for organizations. However, research has not objectively examined workplace-based supervision of EBT and specifically how it might differ from EBT supervision provided in efficacy and effectiveness trials.

METHODS: Data come from a descriptive study of supervision in the context of a state-funded EBT implementation effort. Verbal interactions from audio recordings of 438 supervision sessions between 28 supervisors and 70 clinicians from 17 public mental health …

Early Procedural Pain Is Associated With Regionally-Specific Alterations In Thalamic Development In Preterm Neonates., Emma G Duerden, Ruth E Grunau, Ting Guo, Justin Foong, Alexander Pearson, Stephanie Au-Young, Raphael Lavoie, M Mallar Chakravarty, Vann Chau, Anne Synnes, Steven P Miller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Very preterm human neonates are exposed to numerous invasive procedures as part of life-saving care. Evidence suggests that repetitive neonatal procedural pain precedes long-term alterations in brain development. However, to date the link between pain and brain development has limited temporal and anatomic specificity. We hypothesized that early exposure to painful stimuli during a period of rapid brain development, before pain modulatory systems reach maturity, will predict pronounced changes in thalamic development, and thereby cognitive and motor function. In a prospective cohort study, 155 very preterm neonates (82 males, 73 females) born 24-32 weeks' gestation underwent two MRIs at median …

Informing Efforts To Develop Nitroreductase For Amine Production, Anne-Frances Miller, Jonathan T. Park, Kyle L. Ferguson, Warintra Pitsawong, Andreas S. Bommarius

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Nitroreductases (NRs) hold promise for converting nitroaromatics to aromatic amines. Nitroaromatic reduction rate increases with Hammett substituent constant for NRs from two different subgroups, confirming substrate identity as a key determinant of reactivity. Amine yields were low, but compounds yielding amines tend to have a large π system and electron withdrawing substituents. Therefore, we also assessed the prospects of varying the enzyme. Several different subgroups of NRs include members able to produce aromatic amines. Comparison of four NR subgroups shows that they provide contrasting substrate binding cavities with distinct constraints on substrate position relative to the flavin. The unique architecture …

Les Blessures Professionnelles Et Leurs Déterminants : Mieux Comprendre Le Rôle Du Secteur Industriel Et De La Profession, Pierre Durand, Nancy Beauregard, Alain Marchand, Andrée Demers

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'ampleur actuelle de la morbidité et de la mortalité liées aux blessures professionnelles (c.-à-d. accidents du travail, troubles liés aux mouvements répétitifs) pèse lourd sur la productivité des travailleurs, des entreprises et de la société canadienne. Annuellement, les données révèlent qu'un Canadien sur quinze est blessé dans l'exercice de son travail, alors que les coûts économiques générés par les blessures professionnelles mortelles et non mortelles figurent parmi les principales causes contributives au fardeau économique de la maladie au Canada. Ainsi, malgré la présence de disparités importantes dans la distribution sociale des facteurs de risque liés aux blessures professionnelles, les connaissances …

Fk506-Binding Protein 12.6/1b, A Negative Regulator Of [Ca2+], Rescues Memory And Restores Genomic Regulation In The Hippocampus Of Aging Rats, John C. Gant, Eric M. Blalock, Kuey-Chu Chen, Inga Kadish, Olivier Thibault, Nada M. Porter, Philip W. Landfield

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Hippocampal overexpression of FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a negative regulator of ryanodine receptor Ca²⁺ release, reverses aging-induced memory impairment and neuronal Ca²⁺ dysregulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FKBP1b also can protect downstream transcriptional networks from aging-induced dysregulation. We gave hippocampal microinjections of FKBP1b-expressing viral vector to male rats at either 13 months of age (long-term, LT) or 19 months of age (short-term, ST) and tested memory performance in the Morris water maze at 21 months of age. Aged rats treated ST or LT with FKBP1b substantially outperformed age-matched vector controls and performed similarly …

The Impact Of The Boko Haram Insurgency In Northeast Nigeria On Childhood Wasting: A Double-Difference Study, Gillian Dunn

Publications and Research

Background: This research examines the relationship between violent conflict and childhood wasting in Northeast Nigeria, where residents have been subjected to fighting between the Nigerian government and Boko Haram - an extremist Islamist movement - since 2009.

Methods: Using two Demographic and Health Surveys from before and after the Boko Haram insurgency started, a double-difference (difference-in-difference) approach is used to assess the impact of the conflict on mean weight for- height z-scores and the likelihood of wasting.

Results: Results suggest that if children exposed to the conflict had not been exposed, their mean weight-for height z-score would be 0.49 standard …

Treatment And Outcomes Of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients With High Comorbidity, Jorge Rios, Rahul Gosain, Bernardo H. L. Goulart, Bin Huang, Margaret N. Oechsli, Jaclyn K. Mcdowell, Quan Chen, Thomas Tucker, Goetz H. Kloecker

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background: The life expectancy of untreated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is dismal, while treatment for NSCLC improves survival. The presence of comorbidities is thought to play a significant role in the decision to treat or not treat a given patient. We aim to evaluate the association of comorbidities with the survival of patients treated for NSCLC.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients aged ≥66 years with invasive NSCLC between the years 2007 and 2011 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Kentucky Cancer Registry. Comorbidity was measured using the Klabunde Comorbidity Index (KCI), and univariate and multivariate logistic …

Physiological And Cognitive Factors Related To Human Performance During The Grand Canyon Rim-To-Rim Hike, Kristin Divis, Clifford Anderson-Bergman, Robert Abbott, Victoria Newton, Glory Emmanuel-Aviña

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Exposure to extreme environments is both mentally and physically taxing, leading to suboptimal performance and even life-threatening emergencies. Physiological and cognitive monitoring could provide the earliest indicator of performance decline and inform appropriate therapeutic intervention, yet little research has explored the relationship between these markers in strenuous settings. The Rim-to-Rim Wearables at the Canyon for Health (R2RWATCH) study is a research project at Sandia National Laboratories funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to identify which physiological and cognitive phenomena collected by non-invasive wearable devices are the most related to performance in extreme environments. In a pilot study, data were …

Deep Gaze Velocity Analysis During Mammographic Reading For Biometric Identification Of Radiologists, Hong-Jun Yoon, Folami Alamudun, Kathy Hudson, Garnetta Morin-Ducote, Georgia Tourassi

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Several studies have confirmed that the gaze velocity of the human eye can be utilized as a behavioral biometric or personalized biomarker. In this study, we leverage the local feature representation capacity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for eye gaze velocity analysis as the basis for biometric identification of radiologists performing breast cancer screening. Using gaze data collected from 10 radiologists reading 100 mammograms of various diagnoses, we compared the performance of a CNN-based classification algorithm with two deep learning classifiers, deep neural network and deep belief network, and a previously presented hidden Markov model classifier. The study showed that …

Direct Detection Of Shigella In Stool Specimens By Use Of A Metagenomic Approach, Jie Liu, Mathieu Almeida, Furqan Kabir, Sadia Shakoor, Shahida Qureshi, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Shan Li, Boubou Tamboura, Samba O. Sow, Inacio Mandomando

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The underestimation of Shigella species as a cause of childhood diarrhea disease has become increasingly apparent with quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based diagnostic methods versus culture. We sought to confirm qPCR-based detection of Shigella via a metagenomics approach. Three groups of samples were selected from diarrheal cases from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study: nine Shigella culture-positive and qPCR-positive (culture⁺ qPCR⁺) samples, nine culture-negative but qPCR-positive (culture^- qPCR⁺) samples, and nine culture-negative and qPCR-negative (culture^- qPCR^-) samples. Fecal DNA was sequenced using paired-end Illumina HiSeq, whereby 3.26 × 10⁸ ± 5.6 × 10 …

Backpacks: A Program For Improving Children’S Readiness To Learn And Family Food Security, Lauri Wright

Showcase of Faculty Scholarly & Creative Activity

An increasing gap has been seen between the government food assistance programs and need. One program filling the deficit is Feeding America’s BackPack Program. The Backpack provides nutritious food to children to eat on the weekends when they may not have access to an adequate amount of food. This study evaluated the impact of the program on children’s food security, readiness to learn, and behavioral and mental health. A mixed methodology was utilized. Results showed improved food security and increased readiness to learn among participants. BackPack may be an effective program for meeting the gap in food assistance.

Hydrochloric Acid Infusion For The Treatment Of Metabolic Alkalosis In Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients, Jason D. Guffey, Curtis E. Haas, Amber Crowley, Kathryn A. Connor, David C. Kaufman

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Background: Older reports of use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) infusions for treatment of metabolic alkalosis document variable dosing strategies and risk. Objectives: This study sought to characterize use of HCl infusions in surgical intensive care unit patients for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis. Methods: This retrospective review included patients who received a HCl infusion for >8 hours. The primary end point was to evaluate the utility of common acid-base equations for predicting HCl dose requirements. Secondary end points evaluated adverse effects, efficacy, duration of therapy, and total HCl dose needed to correct metabolic alkalosis. Data on demographics, potential causes of …

Arylquinoline And Analog Compounds And Use Thereof To Treat Cancer, David S. Watt, Chunming Liu, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Vitaliy M. Sviripa, Ravshan Burikhanov, Wen Zhang

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Patents

The subject technology relates to arylquinoline compounds and their use for treating cancer or cancer metastasis. The compounds of the subject technology promote cells to secrete a pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor, i.e., prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), which in turn promote apoptosis in cancer cells or metastatic cells.

Partnerships For Child Health: Capitalising On Links Between The Sustainable Development Goals, Yulia Blomstedt, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Johan Dahlstrand, Peter Friberg, Lawrence O. Gostin, Måns Nilsson, Nelson K. Sewankambo, Göran Tomson, Tobias Alfvén

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Endocrine Response To Perceived Difference In Cross-Cultural Interactions, Carole Woolford-Hunt, Marlene Murray, Tevni Grajales Guerra, Kristina Beenken-Johnson

Faculty Publications

We live in a world where awareness of ethnic and cultural diversity is an ever increasing reality. Business and education turn to the social sciences to inform them about how to manage and optimize cross-cultural interactions. Although much research has been done on the impact of cross-cultural interactions on a wide range of variables, one less researched area is the endocrine response to cross-cultural interactions. In this study we set out to investigate the endocrine response to cross cultural interactions and the impact of these interactions on perceived differences. To do so we measured the pre and post levels of …

Patient-Centred Attitudes Among Medical Students In Mali, West Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study., Emily A. Hurley, Seydou Doumbia, Caitlin E. Kennedy, Peter J. Winch, Debra L. Roter, Sarah M. Murray, Steven A. Harvey

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Patient-centred attitudes have been shown to decline during medical training in high-income countries, yet little is known about attitudes among West African medical students. We sought to measure student attitudes towards patient-centredness and examine validity of the 18-item Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) in this context.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: 430 medical students in years 1, 3, 5 and 6 of a 6-year medical training programme in Bamako, Mali.

DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional survey, compared the proportion of students who agreed with each PPOS item by gender and academic year, and calculated composite PPOS scores. To examine psychometrics of the PPOS and …

Specific Relationship Between The Shape Of The Readiness Potential, Subjective Decision Time, And Waiting Time Predicted By An Accumulator Model With Temporally Autocorrelated Input Noise, Aaron Schurger

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Self-initiated movements are reliably preceded by a gradual buildup of neuronal activity known as the readiness potential (RP). Recent evidence suggests that the RP may reflect subthreshold stochastic fluctuations in neural activity that can be modeled as a process of accumulation to bound. One element of accumulator models that has been largely overlooked in the literature is the stochastic term, which is traditionally modeled as Gaussian white noise. While there may be practical reasons for this choice, we have long known that noise in neural systems is not white – it is long-term correlated with spectral density of the form …

Ada News - 01/22/2018, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Galectin - Method For Enhancing Specific Immunotherapies In Cancer Treatment, Peter G. Traber, William L. Redmond, Eliezer Zomer, Anatole Klyosov, Stephanie N. Linch

Technology Transfer - Patents

Methods and compositions of the invention relate to the enhancement of specific immunotherapies in cancer treatment. In particular, aspects of the invention relate to novel approaches to boost immune function using a complex carbohydrate pharmaceutical compound alone or in combination with other targeted immunotherapy to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy of cancer.

What's Happening: January 22, 2018, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Management Of Aortic Insufficiency In Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device ̶ A Retrospective Analysis, Hartmuth B. Bittner

The VAD Journal

Background: Aortic insufficiency is increasingly recognized as a complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support and may lead to clinical decompensation requiring correction. This article describes experiences in managing patients presenting with concomitant aortic insufficiency and with de novo aortic insufficiency following left ventricular assist device implantations.

Methods: All patients undergoing LVAD implantation between 2012 and 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis if aortic valve insufficiency was present on implantation or newly developed (de novo) after implantation. Moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency was corrected at implantation.

Results: The data of 39 patients were included. At the time …

Patient Experiences In A Linguistically Diverse Safety Net Primary Care Setting: Qualitative Study, Rachel L. Berkowitz, Nimeka Phillip, Lyn Berry, Irene H. Yen

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background:

The patient-centered medical home model intends to improve patient experience and primary care quality. Within an urban safety net setting in Northern California, United States, these desired outcomes are complicated by both the diversity of the patient community and the care continuity implications of a residency program.

Objective:

The objective of our study was to understand the patient experience beyond standardized satisfaction measures.

Methods:

We conducted a qualitative study, interviewing 19 patients from the clinic (English-, Spanish-, or Mien-speaking patients).

Results:

Some themes, such as the desire to feel confident in their doctor, emerged across language groups, pointing to …

Burden Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Us Medicare Population: Co-Morbidities, Health-Care Resource Utilization And Costs, Chieh-I Chen, Li Wang, Wenhui Wei, Huseyin Yuce, Kristine Phillips

Publications and Research

Objectives. The study aimed to assess the burden of RA among the US Medicare population (aged 65 years) by comparing co-morbidities, health-care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs against matched non-RA Medicare patients.

Methods. Data were obtained from the Medicare fee-for-service claims database from 2010 to 2013. RA Medicare patients were identically matched with Medicare patients without RA (controls) based on demographics. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine differences between cohorts for comorbidities, HCRU and costs. A generalized linear model was used to test relationships between patient-level characteristics, HCRU and costs.

Results. The study population included 115 867 RA patients and …

Mammographic Breast Density And Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: The Kenyan-African Aspect, Asim Jamal, Maeve Mullooly, Shahin Sayed, Rose Ndumia, Innocent Abayo, James Orwa, Ronald Wasike, Zahir Moloo, Gretchen L. Gierach

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: Data examiningmammographic breast density (MBD) among patients in Sub-Saharan Africa are sparse.We evaluated how MBD relates to breast cancer characteristics in Kenyan women undergoing diagnostic mammography.

Methods: This crosssectional study included women with pathologically confirmed breast cancers (𝑛 = 123). Pretreatment mammograms of the unaffectedbreast were assessed to estimate absolute dense area (cm2), nondense area (cm2), and percent density (PD). Relationships between density measurements and clinical characteristics were evaluated using analysis of covariance.

Results: Median PD and dense area were 24.9% and 85.3 cm2. Higher PD and dense area were observed in younger women (𝑃 < 0.01). Higher dense and nondense areas were observed in obese women (𝑃-trend < 0.01). Estrogen receptor (ER) positive patients (73%) had higher PD and dense area than ER-negative patients (𝑃 ≤ 0.02). Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (17%) had lower PD and dense area (𝑃 ≤ 0.01) compared with non-TNBCs. No associations were observed between MBD and tumor size and grade.

Conclusions: Our findings show …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 21, 2018, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 21, 2018 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA Clinics Earn PCMH Recognition
• USA Welcomes Nathaneal Stuck, PA-C, RRT
• Med School Café- Expert Advice for the Community

Aerosol Gemcitabine After Amputation Inhibits Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases But Not Wound Healing, Eugenie S. Kleinerman, Ling Yu, Jasmine Dao, Andrea A. Hayes-Jordan, Brock Lindsey, Jitesh D. Kawedia, John Stewart, Nancy Gordon

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background. In newly diagnosed osteosarcoma (OS) patients, the time between surgery and resumption of chemotherapy is 2–7 weeks. Delays > 16 days are associated with increased risk of relapse and decreased overall survival. Identifying an e4ective therapy that can be used postoperatively may prevent relapse. We investigated whether aerosol gemcitabine (GCB) initiated after tumor resection inhibited the growth of OS lung metastases without a4ecting the wound-healing process. Methods. Mice were injected intratibially with OS cells. Amputation was performed when the tumor reached 1.5 cm. Fullthickness excisional wounds were also made on the dorsal skin and tail. Aerosol GCB or PBS was …

Not Your Typical Simulation Workshop: Using Legos To Train Medical Students On The Practice Of Effective Communication., Dimitrios Papanagnou, Hyunjoo Lee, Carlos Rodriguez, Xiao Chi C Zhang, Joshua Rudner

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

As students in the health professions transition from the classroom into the clinical environment, they will be expected to effectively communicate with their team members and their patients. Effective communication skills are essential to their ability to effectively contribute to their clinical team and the patient care they deliver. The authors propose an interactive workshop that can support students' deliberate practice of communication skills. The authors designed a simulation workshop that affords students the opportunity to practice their communication and peer-to-peer coaching skills. Using LEGOs, a one-hour workshop was conducted with medical students. Students were divided into groups of two. …

Dietary Sodium And Blood Pressure Changes In Hemodialysis Patients Undergoing A Liberalized Renal Diet Intervention, Lauren Eve Chan

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Investigate the impacts of individual liberalized renal diet counseling in conjunction with a volume reduction hemodialysis (HD) protocol.

Design & Methods: Twenty-three maintenance HD patients (age = 55.7 ± 13.3y, 47.8% female), consented and completed this pilot intervention. Across the six-month intervention, participants received thrice weekly dietary counseling about a liberalized renal diet. Liberalized renal dietary guidelines promoted a low sodium diet with greater unprocessed food consumption, decreasing foods eaten outside the home, and increased food label reading. Participant HD sessions were conducted per a volume reduction protocol, gradually decreasing patient post-dialysis weight by removing an additional 200-300 mL/session. …

The Magic Wand: A Case Study Of Chronic Neck Pain, Sandra L. Winkler

The Qualitative Report

Medications used to manage chronic pain have documented side effects including drug dependency, drug interaction, and adverse systemic reactions. This case study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to understand how one individual experienced chronic neck pain including pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Convenience sampling identified Ms. P, an individual with a 10-year history of chronic pain. The research questions were: “How does one individual with chronic neck pain describe their experience living with neck pain?” and “How does one individual with chronic neck pain manage their pain?” Three super-ordinate themes emerged: pain pervades everything, finding relief, and recovery. Findings suggest that living …